文章奥巴马毕业演讲

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100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca662012年9月高级口译考试真题答案及解析(完整版)2012年9月高级口译考试真题答案解析(完整版)Dictation:andfoodinsecurityhavebeencalledAmerica's"hiddencrisis.
"Atthesametime,andapparentlyparadoxically,obesityhasbeendeclaredaseriousepidemic.
Bothobesityandhunger(and,morebroadly,foodinsecurity)areseriouspublichealthproblems,sometimesco-existinginthesamefamiliesandthesameindividuals.
Theirexistencesoundscontradictory,butthosewithinsufficientresourcestopurchaseadequatefoodcanstillbeoverweight,forreasonsthatresearchersnowarebeginningtounderstand.
apparentparadoxofexpandingwastelandsandpersistenthungerandfoodinsecurityinAmericaisdriveninpartbytheeconomicsofbuyingfood.
Householdswithoutmoneytobuyenoughfoodfirstchangetheirpurchasingineatinghabits,relyingoncheaperhigh-caloriefoodsovermoreexpensiveneutralrichfoodsbeforetheycutbackontheamountoffood.
Inordertocopewithlimitedmoneyforfoodandtohttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66staveoffhunger,familiestrytomaximizecalories-intakeforeachdollarspent,whichcanleadtoover-consumptionsofcaloriesandalesshealthfuldiet.
amonglow-incomefamiliesshowsthatmothersfirstsacrificetheirownnutritionbyrestrictingtheirfoodintakeduringperiodsoffoodinsufficiencyinordertoprotecttheirchildrenfromhunger.
Theresultingchronicupsanddownsinfoodintakecancontribute,overthelongrun,toobesityamonglow-incomewomen.
.
LarryBrown,executivedirectoroftheCenteronHungerandPoverty,reported,"Agrowingbodyofresearchshowsthathungerandobesityposeadualthreatforsomepeople.
Weneedtobetterunderstandthisrelationshipifournationistograpplewiththeseparallelthreatstothewell-beingofAmericans.
Weparticularlyneedtoavoiddamagingpolicyprescriptionsthatassumehungerandobesitycannotcoexist.
"foodhttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66expertsandscientistscallforareformagendatoaddressbothhungerandobesity.
AccordingtoJamesWells,presidentoftheFoodResearchandActionCenter,anagendathatseriouslytackleshungerandobesityamongthepoormustaddresstheircommonroots.
Thoserootsincludefoodinsecurityandtheimpactofpoverty.
Oneanswerisincreasedaccesstoincomesupportsandnutritionprogramssothatmorefamilieshavesufficientresourcestoobtainhealthierdiets.
评析:本文选自《TheParadoxofHungerandObesityinAmerica》和《Hunger,obesity:twosidesofsamecoin.
》,命题者对两篇文章的内容进行了节选和组合,组成了一篇听写段落.
本文属于社会经济类文章,介绍了hunger和obesity的"共存"和"矛盾"方面的问题.
文章的整体难度不是太大,涉及到obesity,agenda,foodinsecurity,coexist,paradox,calories,nutrition等相关词汇也是高口常见的词汇,但考生要注意文章中长句子的拆分,抓住句子的主干及核心信息,尤其是一些关键词更应该听懂听清.
另外,grapple等一些难度相对比较大的词要求考生在平时需要注意相关词汇的积累,多读一些经济报刊类的文章.
ListeningComprehension11to5arebasedonthefollowingconversation.
:Dhttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66oyoucomefromaparticularlymusicalfamily:Notreally,myfamilyarefarmingpeopleandmyparentshavealwayslivedonfarms.
Myoldestbrotherisabornfarmerandmysecondbrotherworksonafarmtoo,buthe'salsogotanofficejobtodowithagriculture.
Andsotheyappreciatemusic,buttheydon'treallyknowmuchaboutclassical,ininvertedcommas,thatsortofthings.
TheyappreciateperhapsScottishtraditionalmusicmoreandtheylikeagoodtune.
Andiftheycantraceatune,andtheycantaptheirfeettuneorclaptune.
Theyarequitehappy,buttheydon'tknowaboutStravinskyorsomethinglikethat.
Thentheyarequitelost.
:WhydidyouchoosepercussionImean,it'snottheobviousthingevenforamusicalstudenttochoose.
:No,butIlikedit.
Iwasalwayskeenonpercussion.
Clarinetandpercussionweremytwoinstruments,andIlikesheervariety.
ButIfeelIwasverymuhttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66chinfluencedbyalocalgirlwhoplayedthexylophone.
Andshewasabsolutelybrilliant.
AndIjustsaid"gosh,Iwanttodothattoo.
"ButthenIdiscoveredthatpercussiondidn'tjustconsistofxylophone,itconsistedofalotmoreandsoIlikedthataswell.
Andso,that'showitreallyallbegan.
M:Youstartedtoplaypercussionquiteyoung:Yes,that'swhenIwasatsecondaryschoolattheageof12.
Ihadabitofjobactually,startingpercussion.
Becausewhenyouareapupilatschool,youallgothroughamusicoraltest,andwhichisdonethroughataperecorder.
Andyoujustlistenandyouwritedownanswers,thingslikethat.
Andafterwards,whenIaskedifIcouldplaypercussion,theobviousreactionofmyteacherswas"Well,lookatthesemarks,theyarenotgood".
ButIsaid,"Well,reallyIplaythepiano".
ThatwastheonlythingIcouldbackmyselfupwith.
Untileventuallyhesaid,"Well,thepercussionhttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66teacherhappenstobeatschooltoday.
Perhapsshemightwanttogothroughandseewhathesays".
Andsothepercussionteachersaid,"Well,Ican'treallyseewhysheshouldn'tbeplayingpercussion".
Andsoit'sreallyjustgonefromthere.
Butatthetime,theydidn'tknowthatIwaswearinghearingaidsandthissortofthing.
AndsowhenItoldthem,theirreactionwasmuchdifferent.
YouknowwhatImean:Theydidn'tknowthatwhentheygaveyouthetest:Oh,no,andIrefusetotellanyone.
Rightlyorwrongly,I'mnotsure.
Butcertainly,thatwasthecase.
That'showitallstartedreally.
:.
Whichtypeoffamilydoesthewomancomefrom.
Whatkindofmusicdoesthewomansayherfamilylikesmost.
Whichofthefollowinginstrumentsdoesthewomanplay.
Whendidshestarttoplaythemusicalinstrumentshe'stalkingaboutnow.
Whichofthefollohttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66wingstatementsistrueaccordingtotheconversation【解析】高口第一篇听力理解,主题是采访音乐人怎样开始playpercussion的.
文章难度中下,只有几个乐器名词和古典音乐人名,不影响理解.
建议考生在听力过程中,多加留意题目的关键词语.
clarinetn.
单簧管;percussionn.
打击乐器;xylophonen.
木琴.
Comprehension26to10arebasedonthefollowingnews.
,theUnitedSatesBarackObamaissettoannouncea$3billionplantoboostfoodsecurityandfarmproductivityinAfrica,USofficialssay.
saytheinitiativeisaimedatalleviatingshortagesasworldfoodsuppliesarebeingstretchedbyrisingdemandinAsia'semergingmarkets.
Foodsecurityisexpectedtobeontheagendaofthisweekend'sG-8meeting.
ThesummitnearWashingtonisbeingdominatedbyEurope'sdebtcrisisandapossibleGreekexitfromtheeurozone.
headoftheUSAgencyforInternationalDevelopment(USAID),RajivShah,saidthemoveshowstheadministration'schttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66ommitmenttoboostingworldfoodproductionasrisingwealthinAsiadrivesconsumption.
【文章大意】文章讲述奥巴马政府投入三十亿美元刺激非洲的食品安全和生产.
美国国籍开发署的领导人拉吉夫·沙阿称,随着亚洲经济推动着消费,政府的这一举动显示了对于促进世界粮食生产的承诺.
:v.
促进,增加:n.
倡议;主动权:n.
减轻:n.
议程,Spain'sgovernmentcalledforcalmFriday,adayafterratingagencyMoody'sdowngraded16SpanishbanksinthelatestsignofdistressinEurope.
Amongthosewhosawtheirratingsloweredwerethecountriestwolargestbanks.
AtaCabinetmeetingFriday,Spanishministersagreedthatthetoppriorityregardingtheeconomyiscontrollingthedeficit.
downgradescomeamidrisingconcernsaboutthepoliticalandeconomicturmoilinGreece,andthepotentialrippleeffectofthatcrisisonnationslikeSpainandItalythatarestrugglingwithlowgrowthandbigdebts.
,thereal-estatecrisisthatbehttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66ganin2008isongoing,andunemploymenthasrisentoveryhighlevels,withrisingriskstowhite-collaremploymentaffectingtheoutlookforbanks'householdlending.
【文章大意】穆迪公司将16家西班牙银行的等级调低之后,西班牙内阁会议通过当前经济最紧要的是控制赤字.
toppriority:当务之急:n.
混乱Paulo,BrazilDilmaRousseffplanstocutandsimplifytaxesforelectricityproducers,twoseniorofficialstoldReuters,aspartofastrategytoreduceBrazil'shighbusinesscostsandstimulateitsstrugglingeconomy.
hasbeenonthebrinkofrecessionsincemid-2011ashightaxes,anovervaluedexchangerateandotherstructuralproblemssqueezewhathadpreviouslybeenoneoftheworld'smostdynamicemergingeconomies.
Rousseffhasinrecentmonthsannouncedtargetedtaxcutsforstagnantsectorssuchastheautomotiveindustry,embracinganincrementalapproachtoreformthathasdrawncriticismfrominvestorswhosaymhttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66oredrasticchangesareneeded.
【文章大意】这篇文章讲述巴西政府为企业减税从而刺激经济.
onthebrink:濒临:v.
压榨:adj.
停滞的;不景气的:adj.
激烈的;猛烈的York,theUnitedStatesfromracialandethnicminoritiesnowaccountformorethanhalfthebirthsintheUS,accordingtoestimatesofthelatestUScensusdata.
,Hispanic,Asianandmixed-racebirthsmakeup51%ofnewarrivalsintheyearendinginJuly2011.
Itputsnon-Hispanicwhitebirthsintheminorityforthefirsttime.
believetheongoingeconomicslowdownhascontributedtoagreaterdeclineinbirthratesamongwhitepeople.
USCensusBureaurecorded2millionbabiesborntominoritiesintheyeartoJuly2011,justoverhalfofallbirths,comparedwith37%in1990.
birthrateshavebeendeclining,butthedrophasbeenlargerforwhitepeople.
nation'smhttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66inoritypopulationnowmakesup36%ofthetotalUSpopulation.
【文章大意】本文的关键词是新生儿数量,通过一系列的数字分析,讲述了在经济危机下,美国的白人新生儿数量下滑.
【评析】文章没有过多的生词,但要求考生需要把握对于数字的敏感度.
,theUnitedKingdompricesslippedtowards$107abarrelonFridayasinvestorsfledrisky,growth-sensitiveassetsonfearsthatGreecewouldleavetheeuro,althoughshort-coveringprovidedsomesupportforBrent.
crudewasdown16centsto$107.
33abarrelafterslippingtoitslowestlevelfortheyearat$106.
40earlierinthesession.
andanalystssaidshort-coveringwasprovidingafloorforBrentfutures,buttheoveralltrendremainstothedownsidegiventheuncertaintyoverwhatwillhappenwithGreece.
【文章大意】文章讲述英国布伦特的原油价格下跌.
down:下滑covering:空头回补:.
Whichofthefollowingisnotexpectedtobeontheagendaofthisweekend'shttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66G-8summitmeetingnearWashington.
AfterMoodyloweredtheratingsofSpanishbanks,whatisthetoppriorityregardingtheeconomyasagreedbySpanishministers.
WhatdoseBrazilianPresidentplantodotostimulateitsstrugglingeconomy.
Whatcanweknowfromthenewsaboutthenew-bornpopulationintheUnitedStates.
AtwhatpricedidBrentCrudeOilendFridayonLondonmarketComprehension311to15arebasedonthefollowinginterview.
:MrJohnson,youhavetraveledtosomanyplacesintheworld.
Doestravelnecessarilyopenmindstoothercultures:Ithinktravelisgoodinanycapacity.
Idohopethatpeoplewhotraveltoothercountriesspendatleastalittlebitoftimenottravellinginanisolatedkindofway.
Overthelast2or3decades,travelwhetherinwildnessorurbanareashasbecomemuchmoreinsular.
WhenItravel,http://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66Itendtonotbringverymuchbaggagewithme.
Maybejustcarry-on.
IalsoknowthatwhereIamgoing,millionsofpeoplehavelivedforthousandsofyears.
IknowthatIcansurvivethereiftheycansurvive.
:Withallthetravellingyoudo,inwhatwayisitstillapleasureforyou:Ithinkitisimportantwhenyoutravelthatyougetonplateaualittlebit.
IthinkwetrynowwithcellphonesandInternettostayconnectedallthetime.
Ithinksomesortofdisconnectionfromthatforjustafewdaysorweek.
Convenienthandstravel.
Youdon'thavetobeconnectedeveryday.
IalsofindwhenImoveoverseasforseveralweeksormonthI'mnotintouchwiththenews.
Idon'tseeitorhearaboutit.
IfindwhenIcomebacktothestates,nothingwaschangedverymuch.
Therealityisthenewsthatwewanttoknoweveryday,maybedoesn'treallymatterafterafewweeksormonths.
Lifegoeson.
:Anyfavoritehttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66placesthatyou'vevisited:IlovemyhomeinMontana.
MyancestorswerehomesteadersinMontana.
AndIhavelivedinBosmansincein1995.
IalsolikewhereIgrewupinnorthTanzania.
Ilikethesavannaandhighplateau.
Ilikethewildlife.
Idolikefewbeaches,butmostlyI'mamountainperson.
IlovetheKarakoramMountainsinnorthernPakistan.
IalsolovethePamirmountainsintheHinduKushRange.
TheKarakoramisthegreatestconsolidationofhighpeaksintheworld.
IhaveahardtimepickingacityIlikealot.
:Anyplacesstillonyourlist:MywifewantstogotoAntarctica.
Idon'thavetimeinthislifetime.
Ittakestoolong.
IwanttogotonorthernNorwegian.
It'swheremyancestorsarefrom.
Verybeautifulriversandseas.
Myancestorswerefishermen.
IalsowanttogotoPeruandArgentinainAndes.
:What'reresponsibilitiesdoyouthinkwesterntravelershavetotheplacesthttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66hattheyvisit:Ifyoucangolocalevenforaday,it'sfineifyouhaveapackagetourbutspendatleastonedayaweekdoingalittledifferentthanwhat'sontherestofyouritinerary.
Spendsometimeinthelocalcafe,gettoknowsomebody,govisitaschool.
It'suncomfortableforpeopleatfirstbutoftenpeoplesaythat'sthemostsignificantpartofthetrip.
Thatwillhelpthelocaleconomy.
:.
AccordingtoMr.
Johnson,whichofthefollowingstatementsappliestotravelersinthepasttwentyorthirtyyears.
InwhatwayistravelingapleasureforMr.
Johnson.
WhichofthefollowingplacesdoesMr.
Johnsonlikemost.
WhichofthefollowingplacesisnotonMr.
Johnson'stravelinglist.
AccordingtoMr.
Johnson,whatshouldwesterntravelersdowhentheyvisitplaces【解析】本篇听力难度适中,中心话题是"商务人士的一个旅行访谈".
这个话题还是大家比较熟悉的,因此http://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66理解不难.
主要谈到的几个方面如下:旅行的乐趣;最喜欢的目的地;不准备去的地方以及有关西方人旅行建议但文中也出现了一些国名和地名.
因此大家在平时英语学习中注意积累.
不过听的过程中可以记下中文名称即可.
关键词:on随身行李不连通的,不联系的蒙大拿州坦桑尼亚巴基斯坦热带草原南极祖先行程Comprehension416-20arebasedonthefollowingtalk.
thesametimethatBrokebackMountainhitsvideostoreshelves,savvycomputeruserscandownloadtheentiremovielegally.
TheOscar-winningdramaistheinauguralreleaseofanewvideo-on-demandservicefromMovielink.
ofthemajorHollywoodstudiosstartedtheCalifornia-basedcompany,Movielink,fouryearsagoin2008tooffertime-limitedonlinerentalsoffeaturefilms,butMovielinkChiefExecutiveOfficerJimRamosayspurchaserscannowownadownloadeddigitalcopytowatchoverandoveragain.
Hesaid,"Whatwe'vetriehttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66dtodowithourlaunchishavingagreatmixofAcademyAwardwinners,blockbustersandclassics.
Wehavealittleover300titlesinallwithourlaunch.
"course,videopiratesalreadyhavethoseoptions.
WarnerBrothersHomeEntertainmentpresidentKevinTsujiharasaysthenewplanprovidesalegalalternativetoonlinetheftestimatedtocosttheentertainmentindustrymorethan$4billionannually.
MovielinkCEORamosaysthecompany'sexperiencewithsome100,000rentaldownloadspermonthdemonstratesthatillegalcopyingcanbeprevented.
ahigh-speedconnection,afull-lengthfilmtakesabout90minutestodownload.
ThedigitalfilesareinWindowsMediaformatandwillonlyplayonaPC.
PurchaserscanburnbackupcopiestoDVD;however,thosediscswillnotworkonastandardDVDplayer.
Mr.
Ramosaysthatwillchangewhencopyprotectionprotocolscanbeperfected.
Healsonotesthatthedownloadswhttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66illnotworkonMacintoshcomputersandsuggestsApple,whichpioneeredvideodownloadsthroughitsiTunessite,mayhaveitsownfilmdistributionplanintheworks,perhapsDisney.
hasfilmsfromWarnerBrothers,SONY,Universal,Paramount,FoxandMGMinitscatalogue.
However,Mr.
Ramosaysthedownload-to-ownserviceisonlyavailablewithintheUnitedStates.
"MovielinkwasonlylicensedtodobusinessintheUnitedStates,sowehadafilteringmechanismthatmadesurethattheonlypeoplewhocouldgetMovielinkwerewithintheUnitedStates.
Havingsaidthat,Ithinkwe'rehappytoseenowthatMovielinkhasalreadylicensedotherdistributersaroundtheworld.
TherehavebeenannouncementsrecentlyintheNetherlands,theUKandGermany,soIthinktherearecertainlymoreandmorecountriesthataregoingtobeopenedupfordigitaldelivery.
":.
WhenwasthecompanyMoviehttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66linkfounded.
Whatnewserviceisofferedbythecompanynow.
Whatkindofmoviesarenotofferedwiththelaunchofthisnewservice.
Howmuchdoesonlinetheftcosttheentertainmentindustryannually.
WheredoesMovielinknotallowdownloadoutsidetheUnitedStatesatpresent本篇听力取材较早,内容是一家名叫Movielink的公司推出在线下载电影服务来对抗盗版和网络剽窃.
问题涉及公司成立时间、提供的新服务、可供下载的电影类型、网络盗版每年造成的损失和服务使用区域.
五个题目均是常见的细节题,考生在听力过程中只要抓住具体细节信息并做好笔记即可选出正确答案.
本篇听力的主要难点如下:.
专有名词较多,比如Paramount,WarnerBrothers,MGM等,还出现了电影名称,如BrokebackMountain是《断背山》,如果平时生活中看电影等不注意,可能听不出来.
.
出现一些比较难的词汇,如AcademyAwardwinner奥斯卡获奖影片,blockbuster大片,pirate盗版商,onlinetheft网络剽窃,filteringmechanism过滤机制,distribution发行,licensed许可的,digitalfile数码文件,protectionprotocol保护协议等,也是要求考生有一定词汇储备的.
.
注意力要求较高.
Question19答案位于前半部分,而Question20则在最后一句话.
考生很容易在中间这部分注意力分散等,所以,听力考试时坚持仔细听到最后一刻是十分重要的.
阅读上半场MC第一篇:museumforblackAmehttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66rica:aforceforunity–ordivision出自:http://www.
independent.
co.
ukBarackObamamarkeditslaunch,butnoteveryonewelcomesthenewadditiontotheSmithsonianfamily.
paraphraseMartinLutherKing–hereatlast,hereatlast,hereatlast.
AlmostacenturyaftertheideawasfirstmootedbyblackveteransoftheCivilWarandalmosthalfacenturyaftertheleaderofthecivilrightsmovementdeliveredhisimmortal"IhaveaDream"speech,anAfricanAmericanmuseumisfinallyabouttoriseintheheartofWashington.
NationalMall,stretchingfromtheUSCapitoltothestepsofthewhitemarbleLincolnMemorialwhereKingspokein1963,isperhapsthecapitalcity'smostspecialplace,atwo-milevistalinedbymonumentstothecountry'sgreatestleadersandheroes,andbywonderfulmuseumscelebratingAmerica'shistoryandachievements.
Buttherehavebeensomenotableomissions.
yearhttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66onewascorrectedwiththededicationofamemorialtoKing–eventhoughtheeventhasbeensomewhatmarredbyacontroversyovertheinscriptiononhisstatue,aversionoflinesfromoneofhisfinalsermonsthat,accordingtothepoetMayaAngelou,makesKingsound"likeanarroganttwit".
onWednesdayanotheromissionwascorrected.
Inamomentofperfecthistoricalsymmetry,BarackObama,America'sfirstblackPresident,ledtheceremonyforthefutureNationalMuseumofAfricanAmericanHistoryandCulture,devotedtothemiseries,tribulationsandtriumphsofblackAmerica,scheduledtoopenitsdoorsinlate2015.
siteisoneofthelastavailableontheevermoreclutteredMall.
Butitisalsooneofthebest:closetotheMonumentandacrossthestreetfromtherecentlyre-openedMuseumofAmericanHistory.
longandlabouredstoryofthe19thmemberoftheSmithsoniahttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66ncomplexhasitselfbeenasmallsliceofUShistory.
TheideaofamemorialtoAfricanAmericansonAmerica'snationalspacewasfirstputforwardin1915byagroupofblackCivilWarveterans,butwentnowhere.
Thenin1929,Congressdidapprovesuchaproject,butfailedtoprovidefunding.
thegreatcivil-rightsbreakthroughsofthe1960s,pressuregrewforafull-scalemuseum.
Againthough,nothinghappened–notleastbecauseoftheferociousoppositionofthelateJesseHelms,thepowerfulSenatorfromNorthCarolinaandalastbastioninWashingtonofthebigoted"OldSouth",whoinsistedthatamuseumwas"unnecessary",andawasteoftaxpayers'money.
thispoint,onemaywonderhowitwasthattheHolocaustMuseumhere–onthesacredNationalMall–wasapprovedandcompletedinbarelyadecade.
AnditdealswithaneventthatdoesnotbelongtotheUSnationalexperience.
://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66eHolocaustMuseumopenedin1993.
In2004cametheNationalMuseumoftheAmericanIndian.
Butonlynowisworkstartingonanationalmuseumthattacklesheadon,amongotherthings,theoriginalsinoftheUnitedStates.
AsitsdirectorLonnieBunchtoldTheWashingtonPost,slaverywascentralinshapingUShistory,buttothisdayremains"thelastgreatunmentionable"inpublicdiscourse.
"WewillexaminethedarkcornersoftheAmericanexperienceinawaywe'renotalwayscomfortableindoing.
"than100blackhistorymuseumsalreadyexistacrossthecountry,includingtheNationalCivilRightsMuseumattheformerLorraineMotelinMemphis,Tennessee,whereDrKingwasassassinatedin1968.
OthersareremindersofthehugeimpactblackshadhadonAmerican,andindeedglobal,culture–likethesmallhouseonthewestsideofDetroitwhereBerryGordysetuphisrecordingstudiocalledHitsvilleUShttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66A,nowtheMotownmuseum.
InWashington,allthesestrandswillbemeshedtogether.
$500m(£318m)projectisbeingfundedby$250mofprivatedonations,andasimilaramountfromthefederalbudget.
AlreadyMrBunchhasamassed25,000artefacts,spanningtheentirerangeofAfricanAmericanexperience,fromslaverytocivilrights,totheirimmensecontributionsinart,sport,musicandalmosteverywalkofnationallife.
willbeadetailedexaminationofslaverywhich,hesays,maywellfocusonthemiseriesofindividualpeople:theirfamilies,theslaveauctionswheretheywereboughtandsold,andtheplantationswheretheyworked.
AfricanAmericanmuseumwillcelebrateheroesofemancipationlikeHarrietTubman(MrBunchhasacquiredtheshawlgiventoMsTubmanbyQueenVictoria,whichsheworetwodaysbeforeshediedin1913).
Therewillbeitemsthatlifttheheart–alongsideexhibitsonhttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66lynchings,andotherbrutalitiesandindignitiesperpetratedonblacksformuchofthelastcentury.
willseeLouisArmstrong'strumpet,butalsotheoriginalpinecoffinthatcontainedthebodyofEmmettTill,the14-year-oldboybestiallymurderedin1955inMississippibecausehewasreportedtohavewolf-whistledatawhitewoman.
ThecoffinwasdeliberatelyleftopenatTill'sfuneralinChicagobyhismother,sotheworldcouldseetheatrocitiesvisiteduponherson.
Thepublicoutragethatfollowedgavepowerfulfreshimpetustothecivilrightsmovement.
noonewoulddisputethatthestoryofblackAmerica,forbetterandworse,ispartofthestoryofallAmerica.
Evenso,someseethenewmuseumaspartofaworryingtrend,thesubtleatomisationofacountrythathasalwaysprideditselfonbeingasumgreaterthanitsdisparateparts.
Now,theyworry,it'snotsomuchEPluribusUnum,("outhttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66ofmanyone"–thephraseontheSealoftheUnitedStates),butExunoplura("outofone,many").
theVirginiaCongressmanJimMoranputsit:"Idon'twantasituationwherewhitesgototheoriginalmuseums,AfricanAmericansgototheAfricanAmericanmuseum,IndianstotheIndianmuseumandHispanicstotheLatinomuseum.
That'snotAmerica.
"【简析】黑人历史是美国历史十分重要的一个部分,黑人从奴隶开始,到获得自由,出现了像马丁路德金那样出色的领导人,甚至如今奥巴马是第一位黑人总统.
在美国,有许多的博物馆是关于非裔美国人的苦难史奋斗史.
但是,现在当新的博物馆拔地而起,奥巴马为其做了开馆演说,强调哪段历史,人们不免担心,当一旦过分关注黑人,或者拉美裔美国人,或者是印第安人,美国这个民族就不是一个整体,而反而变得支离破碎.
阅读上半场MC第二篇:world'sdeadliestbioterrorist出自:http://doc.
100lw.
comlikesbiologicalweaponsmorethanhumanvillainsdo.
Thebestdefenceismoreresearch,notless.
thingsarebestkeptsecret.
Itishard,forinstance,toarguethatpublicinterestdictatespublishingtheblueprintsforanatohttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66mbomb.
Thematterislessclear-cut,however,whenscientificinformationthathasthepotentialtowreakhavocmightalsostopthathavochappening.
birdflu.
Ithaskilledmorethan330peoplesince2003.
Thatmaynotsoundmany,butitamountsto60%ofthe570knowncasesofthedisease.
Theonlyreasonthedeathtollisnothigheristhatthosewhosuccumbedcaughtthevirusdirectlyfromabird(usuallyachicken).
Fortunatelyforeveryoneelse,itdoesnotpasseasilyfrompersontoperson.
itmight.
Thatistheburdenofresearchcarriedoutlastyearbytwoteamsofscientists,oneinAmericaandoneintheNetherlands.
Theytweakedthebird-fluvirus'sgenestoproduceaversionwhichcantravelthroughtheairfromferrettoferret.
Andferretsare,inthiscontext,goodproxiesforpeople.
researchers'motiveswerepure.
Themutationstheycombinedtoproducetheirferret-killingfluvirusahttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66realloutthereinthewildalready.
Thereiseverychancethosemutationscouldgettogethernaturallyandunleashapandemic.
Byanticipatingthatrecombinationthetwoteamshighlightedtherisk,gavevaccineresearchersaheadstartinthinkingabouthowtocounteritand,byfingeringthemutations,spurredsurveillanceefforts,whichhaveoftenbeenhalf-hearted.
,rather,theywouldhavedonehadtheybeenallowedtopublishtheirresults.
Theyweren't.
BoththeAmericanandtheDutchgovernmentssawnotasensibleanticipationofathreat,butathreatinitsownright.
Theirfearwasthatbadguyssomewheremightrepeattheexperimentandweaponisetheresult.
SoinDecembertheybannedpublicationofthepapersrevealingthetechnicaldetailsofwhattheteamshaddone.
threatfrominfluenzaisreal.
So-calledSpanishflu,whichinfected500mpeoplein1918-19,claimedthelivesofoneinfiveofthosewhohttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66caughtit.
Subsequentfluepidemics,thoughnotasbad,havestillcutswathesthroughhumanitywhenevertheyhavearisen.
Butterrorismisreal,too.
Thoughthereisnoknowncaseofbiologicalwarfareinthepast100years,manycountrieshaveexperimentedwiththeidea;andthereisconcernthatsometerroristgroups,motivatednotbyspecificpoliticalgrievancesbutbyageneralhatredoftheWest,mightunleashtheuncontrollablemayhemofaviralepidemicpurelyoutofspite.
Sowhoisright—theresearcherswhowanttopublishtheirfindings,orthegovernmentsthatwanttostopthemthisparticularcase,probablytheresearchers.
And,totheircredit,theauthoritiesseemtohaverecognisedthat.
Aftermonthsoffraughtdeliberationinvolvingtheworld'sleadingvirologists,journaleditors,securityexperts,ethicistsandpolicymakers,theAmericansreversedtheirstanceonApril20th(seearticle).
TheDutchwererechttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66onsideringtheirsasTheEconomistwenttopress.
reasonisthat,asbioterroristsgo,humanspaleincomparisonwithnature.
EvenAmerica'ssecurityservices,whichmightbeexpectedtoerronthesideofcaution,seemtoagreethattheoddsofabioterrorattackarelong.
Biologicalweaponsrequireskilledscientistsworkinginstate-of-the-artfacilities.
Eventhen,theyareunpredictable—andthereforedifficulttocontrol.
Adeadlybugmightcomebacktobiteitsmaker,possiblybeforehadbeenmadeintoaweapon.
AumShinrikyo,asectwithsophisticatedscientificcapability,toyedwithanthraxin1993.
Butforitsmostbrazenattack,whenitkilled13peopleintheTokyometrotwoyearslater,itpreferrednervegas.
InSeptember2001al-Qaedaplumpedforaeroplanes.
,bycontrast,hasform.
inthisarea.
FromtheBlackDeathviaSpanishflutoAIDS,bacteriaandviruseshavekilledonascalethathttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66terroristsanddictatorscanonlydreamof.
Themoreyougagscientistsorhidedata,theharderitisforthemtolookforcures;youalsoprobablydrivebrightyoungresearchersawaytowardslessfraught,blanderareas.
bornkillersthemoment,then,thenaturalthreatseemsgreaterthantheartificialone.
AnditisbraveofAmerica'sauthoritiestorecognisethat.
Ifaterroristoutragedoeshappen,theywillsurelygettheblame.
Bycontrast,"actsofnature"aremoreeasilyshruggedoffas,asitwere,actsofGod.
casedoes,however,highlightaproblemthatisonlygoingtogrow.
Theatombombisachildofphysics.
Nervegasisachildofchemistry.
Thesearebothold,maturesciences.
Biotechnologyisnew.
Itspotentialandlimitsareobscure.
ThistimeAmericahasmadetherightdecision.
ItistobehopedthattheDutchwillsoonfollowsuit.
Butitbehoveseveryone—politiciansandscientihttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66stsalike—tokeepacloseeyeonafast-changingtechnologyandonanyshiftinthebalanceofrisks.
【简析】科学家们研制出了一种新型病毒,可以迅速传播危害巨大,但是政府却不允许他们的科学成果予以发表.
究竟是谁在理呢经过激烈讨论,美国最终选择允许科研结果发表,荷兰可能也会改变立场.
与其掩藏危险,不如主动寻找解决办法.
文章最后提问,原子弹是物理科学的产物,神经毒气是化学科学的产物,如今新的生物科技又带来了新的挑战.
我们,我们的科学家,政府,政客,又应该如何应对阅读上半场MC第三篇:waystorelieveovercrowdedprisons出自:http://doc.
100lw.
com,Americaisbeginningtotackleovercrowdedprisons,promptedbyfinanciallystrappedstatesthatcannolongeraffordthem.
Theroadtoprisonreform,andlesscrowding,includesrevamping'threestrikes'laws,asinCalifornia,andlimitingpre-trialdetention.
canspurnovelty.
Evenpoliticalnovelty.
Astheneedforfiscalausteritygrows,anunlikelyalliancehasemergedbetweenpolicymakersandpublicadvocateswhohavelongsoughtcriminaljusticereform.
Thesepolicymakersarerealizingwhatadvocateshavereiterhttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66atedforyears:Thenation'saddictiontoincarcerationasacurboncrimemustend.
Theevidenceisstaggering.
California,54prisonersmayshareasingletoiletand200prisonersmayliveinagymnasiumsupervisedbytwoorthreeofficers.
Suicidalinmatesmaybeheldforprotractedperiodsincageswithouttoiletsandthewaittimesformentalhealthcaresometimesreach12months.
theseconditionsandmore,theSupremeCourtruledinMaythatCaliforniaprisonersweredeprivedadequateaccesstomedicalandmentalhealthcareinviolationoftheEighthAmendmentanditsprohibitionagainstcruelandunusualpunishment.
Itorderedtheearlyreleaseoftensofthousandsofinmates.
overcrowdingisubiquitousandshowsfewsignsofabating:Between1970and2005,thenation'sinmatepopulationgrewby700percent.
Besidesimpedingaccesstohealthcare,overcrowdingalsocreatesunsafeandunsanitahttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66ryconditions,divertsprisonresourcesawayfromeducationandsocialdevelopment,andforceslow-andhigh-riskoffenderstomingle,increasingthelikelihoodofrecidivism.
additionallawsuits.
That'swhyaconsortiumofstates,includingIllinois,Texas,andmyhomestateofVirginia,submittedanamicuscuriaeorfriend-of-the-courtbriefinsupportofthestateofCalifornia.
'soverrelianceonincarcerationhasalsoimpededtherightsofcriminaldefendants.
TheSixthAmendmentguaranteeslegalrepresentationtoindividualschargedwithacrime.
Yet,becauseofthecrushingvolumeofcases,defenseprogramsoftensufferfrominadequatestaffing,funding,andsupervision.
Kentucky,apublicdefendermayrepresentmorethan450clientsinasingleyear.
InMiami,Florida,theannualcaseloadisnearly500feloniesand2,225misdemeanors.
Theconsequencesincludewrongfulincarcehttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66ration,wrongfulconvictions,andguiltypleaswhenmeritoriousdefensesareotherwiseavailable.
rightsgroupsinMichiganandNewYorkhavealreadybroughtlawsuitsseekinganoverhauloftheirstates'indigentdefensesystems.
Theselawsuitsmightbeaharbingerforthefuture:StatesunfaithfultothepromiseoftheSixthAmendmentmaybeforcedtoincreasefundingandrestructurelegislativepriorities.
prisonersandcriminaldefendantsisnotjustaboutfidelitytotheBillofRights.
Itisaboutrecognizingthattheyareacutelyvulnerablebecausetheydonothaveaccesstocoalitionsandpoliticalnetworkscapableofeffectingchange.
Affordingthemprotectionisconsistentwiththeenduringconstitutionalprinciplethatpoliticaldemocracyalonecannotadequatelyprotecttherightsofcertaingroupsofpeople.
,revamphabitual-offenderlaws,nowineffectinmorethan20states,whichhttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66regularlyyieldperversesentences.
'sthree-strikeslaw,forexample,waspassedduringtheparanoiathatfollowedthesearingmurderof12-year-oldPollyKlaasbyalong-timeviolentoffender,andissoegregiouslypunitivethatnonviolentpettytheftmayserveasa"thirdstrike.
"LeandroAndrade,afatherofthree,whoneveroncecommittedaviolentfelony,receivedtwosentencesof25years-to-lifeforstealingchildren'svideotapes,including"FreeWilly2"and"Cinderella,"fromKmart.
AnewballotinitiativeinCalifornia,"TheThreeStrikesReform.
Actof2012,"seekstochangethislaw.
,implementmisdemeanorreform.
bydecriminalizingoffensessuchasfeedingthehomeless,dog-leashviolations,andoccupyingmultipleseatsonthesubway.
Suchreform.
isvital:between1972and2006,misdemeanorprosecutionsrosefrom5millionto10.
5million.
,limittheuseofpre-trialdetention.
Nhttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66earlytwo-thirdsofthenation'sprisonpopulationhaven'tbeenconvictedofacrime-theyareawaitingtrial.
Manyarearrestedforlow-riskoffensessuchasdisturbingthepeaceortrafficviolations,andtheylanguishinjailbecausetheycan'taffordbail.
Releasingtheseindividualswouldnotjeopardizepublicsafetyandwouldreduceovercrowdingandpublicdefendercaseloads.
Justthisyear,Kentuckyterminatedpre-trialdetentionfornumerousdrugoffensesandmandatedcitationsratherthanarrestsforcertainmisdemeanors.
,imposenonprisonpenaltiesonthosearrestedfortechnicalparoleandprobationviolationslikemissingameetingorcourtappearance.
Thiswoulddramaticallyameliorateovercrowdingandexcessivecaseloadsgiventhatoverathirdofallprisonadmissionsareforsuchtypesofviolations.
Texasisleadingthechargehere,andthroughsuchmeasureshassignificantlyreduceditsinmatepopulatiohttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66n.
spiritthatanimatestheSixthandEighthAmendmentsishumandignity.
Arecognitionthatnomatterthecrimeorharm,criminaldefendantsandprisonersretainadignitythatmustberespected.
yearsago,agroupofinmatesclaimedtheyweredeprivedofthisdignityand,inwhathassincebecomeasubjectoffascinationinAmericanpopculture,riotedatAtticaCorrectionalFacilityinNewYork.
TheensuingviolenceanditsdeathtollservesasanominousreminderthatAmericamustpursuecriminaljusticereform.
ifitistohonorthisdignity.
Translation(E-C):【原文】yearsIhavebeenmercilesslylampoonedbyfriendsandacquaintancesalikeformyunorthodoxlifestylechoiceofhavingnoTV.
Inanageofincreasinglylargeplasmaflat-screensandsurroundsound,digitalhomeentertainmentsystemswhichaccostyoutheminuteyouwalkintosomeone'shouse,peopleregularlylookahttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66tmelikeI'meitherseverelyhandicappedorchronicallyharddonebywhenImentionthatIhavenotelevision.
Icanseemixtureofgenuinepity,rawpathosandsheerdisbeliefintheirfacesastheystareatmeopen-mouthed.
besure,televisionisagreatinvention,ifhandledinmoderation.
Thecompositeetymologicalderivation(fromtheGreekandtheLatinwords–literallymeaning"toseefromafar")tellsofatremendoustechnologicalfeatwhichcertainlydeservestobeapplauded.
What'smore,ifoneisdiscerning,itcanbethesourceofsomequalityentertainment,instructionandenjoyment.
SomeofthenaturedocumentariesandartsprogrammesonBBC2aretrulyfantasticandarewellworththelicensefeealone.
thesadrealityisthatyoungpeoplearerarelydiscerningand,bydintofpoortimemanagementskills,oftenendupwastinganinordinateamountofprecious,never-returningtimewatchinghttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66trash,theirbrainswallowinginatroughofmentallethargy.
【译文】多年来,我一直坚持不买电视,这种不合常规的生活方式使我受到朋友和熟人们的无情奚落.
在这个等离子平板电视越来越大、数字家庭娱乐设备无处不在的时代,你一进别人家便会感受到它们的存在.
当我提到我没有电视时,人们看我的眼神往往就像我要么有严重的缺陷,要么就是长期受到不公平的对待.
他们目瞪口呆地盯着我,我能看出他们脸上混杂着发自内心的同情、毫不掩饰的怜悯和完完全全的不相信.
当然,电视是一项伟大的发明,如果使用适度的话.
这个复合派生词(来自希腊和拉丁词汇,字面意思是"远远地看")描述的是一个值得赞扬的、无与伦比的技术壮举.
同时,如果我们有足够的辨识力,它还是优质的娱乐、指导和享受之源.
BBC2频道的一些自然纪录片和艺术节目就非常出色,单单是看这几个节目,你的有线电视费便花得值得了.
然而令人悲哀的现实是,年轻人大多缺乏辨识力,而且由于不善管理时间,他们最终往往浪费过多一去不复返的宝贵时间收看垃圾节目,让大脑沉溺于精神倦怠的深渊中.
【评析】评析:文章出处为出处Mailonline,作者是LindsayJohns,讲的是没有电视的好处.
在这样一个信息化社会,没有电视确实很另类.
作者在第一段中便生动地描绘了人们得知他没有电视时的反应.
第一段难度较大的单词有lampoon,讽刺;unorthodox,非传统的;还有一个需要注意的词组是harddone,受到不公平对待的.
第二段讲了电视积极的一面,如果使用得当的话,它可以提供高质量的娱乐和教育.
生词有etymological,词源的.
第三段说很多青年会把宝贵时间用于收看垃圾节目,需要注意的词组是bydintof,由于;生词有inordinate,过度的,过多的;trough,水槽,低谷,这里意译为深渊.
taking&Gapfilling,I'mAnnaJonesandIhavebeeninvihttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66tedtotalkinthisprogrammeaboutLondonlife.
Andintoday'sprogrammewe'relookingataveryEnglishcustom-thecustomoftea-taking.
Ithinkthewholeartoftea-takingisaveryelegantandaveryEnglishthingtodo.
Thiswholeambienceoftea-takingmakesyoubeelegant.
amthedirectorofpressandpublicrelationsattheRitzhotelincentralLondon.
TheRitzhotelisoneofthemostfamoushotelsinLondonandiscelebratingitscentenary.
Itopened105yearsagoin1906.
TheRitzisespeciallywellknownforitswonderfulteasbuttakingteaattheRitzisnotaneverydayevent–it'susuallyreservedforaspecialoccasionlikeabirthdayoranniversary.
TeaisservedinthebeautifulsurroundingsofthePalmCourt.
Displaysofflowersandpalmsaddtotheexperienceoftea-taking.
ThewholecharacterorqualityoftheRitzmakesyoufeelelegant.
Itmakesyoufeelattractiveandyoubehaveinaverygracefulwayhttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66.
Andit'snotjustacupofteaeither–it'salmostlikehavinga3coursemeal.
actualfooditemsontheteamenucomeonathree-tieredcakestand.
Thebottombeingthefingersandwiches–verytraditional–andthewaiterwillexplainwhatthefillingsare.
Thenwedooursconesinthemiddleandwedoourcakesandpastriesonthetop.
It'sdonealmostlikecourses.
,wesaythatthefoodarrivesona"three-tieredcakestand-therearethreelevels,oneontopofeachotherandoneachlevelthere'saplateforholdingthefood.
AndwhatfoodisthereTherearefingersandwiches–thesearesmallsandwichesfilledwithavarietyofdifferentthings.
Thiskindofsandwichis"verytraditional"–it'ssomethingthathasbeengoingoninthesamewayforaverylongtime–sofingersandwicheshavebeenapartofthetraditionalEnglishafternoon-teaforalongtime.
Inthemiddleofthetierthhttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66erearesconeswhicharesmallroundcakeswhichareofteneatenwithjamandcreamwhichisknownasacreamtea.
Andfinally,atthetopofthetiertherearevariouscakesandsweetpastries.
saythatteaisitsalmostdonelike"courses"-apartofamealwhichisservedseparatelyfromtheotherpartsofit.
NowwhataboutmakingtheteaHowdoyoumakeapropercupofEnglishteaWhatisthemostimportantthingaboutmakingacupofteamostcrucialthingabouttea-makingistomakesurethatthewateris"piping"hot–itisveryhotandhasjustboiled.
Thenafterpouringthewaterontothetealeavesyoulettheleaves"stew"orabsorbthewatertomakethetea.
Ifyouhearsomeonetalkingabout"stewedtea"theyaredescribingteathathasbeenlefttoolongintheteapotbeforebeingpouredandtastesstrongandbitter.
aboutthemilkWhatistheteamakingetiquetteWhataretheruhttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66lesorsociallyacceptedwaysofaddingthemilkDoesitgointothecupbeforetheteaispouredorafterwardsWellattheRitztheetiquette–ortheacceptedway–istoaddthemilkafterwardssothattheguestcandecidehowstrongorweaktheywouldliketheirtea.
aswementionedearliertheRitzisaveryfamousLondonhotel–sofamousinfactthatitsnamenowappearsinthedictionaryasanadjective.
WhatdoyouthinkitmeansEventhenameTheRitzhasbecomegenericinthedictionary,peopletalkaboutthingsbeing"ritzy"andevenifsomethingisnotveryritzyorsomethingisveryritzyandthatallcomesfromthename.
Ifsomethingisdescribedas"ritzy"itisexpensiveandfashionable–forexampleyoumightdescribesomeone'sdressorcarasritzy.
Wellits4oclocknowsoitmustbetimeforacupoftea!
【解析】这是http://doc.
100lw.
com上一篇以AfternoonteaattheRitz为题的文章.
Ritz是著名的豪华连锁大饭店,英国的下http://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66午茶也是出名的.
本篇文章前半部分讲述了下午茶的佐餐,后半部分主要讲如何沏茶.
文章虽然有点长,但是与生活相关,内容分布也比较明显,易于理解,如果考生平时多读些文化生活方面的英语文章就会倍感轻松.
在这里,就这篇文章提供给大家一点点小建议:首先,听力里面基本上不会涉及到很复杂的句式;其次,如果碰到一个很难的词汇,请大家仔细听是否有and,thatisorthatmeans,which等词,因为很有可能后面跟的就是一个同义词,或者解释该词的从句;最后,大家要记住口译考试中的听力填空并不要求一定要字字正确,所以,如果实在想不起该词,可用同义词代替,毕竟,口译要求的是传达说话者的意思,而不是完全正确复制整篇文章.
最后,有些词汇还是需要平时累积的:n.
周年纪念;adj.
优雅的;n.
气氛;meal主菜;tiered三层;n.
馅料,填充;n.
烤饼;n.
油酥点心;hot滚烫的;v.
炖,焖;etiquetten.
礼节,礼仪;adj.
豪华的,高级的;Ritz丽兹(里兹)大饭店;Court棕榈阁(大堂酒廊)Translation.
Peopleoftenusetheexcuse"Iamtoooldtostudy.
"ButIliketosaythatitisnevertoolatetoexpandyourmind,makenewfriendsandchallengeyourselftoachievesomethingworthwhile.
参考译文:人们http://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66总是用年纪太大学不好做借口.
但是我想说拓展视野、结交新友、挑战自我去实现有价值的事情永远不晚.

【解析】这句话并不难,所讲述的也是类似大家已经耳熟能详的"活到老学到老"的道理.
在翻译的过程中,需要注意对句尾三个平行结构的处理.
.
A97-year-oldAustralianmanwillsetanotherworldrecordforbeingtheoldestuniversity-graduateintheworld.
ThemangraduateswithamasterdegreeinclinicalmedicinefromSydneyUniversityaccordingtothelocalreports.
参考译文:据当地媒体报道,一位97岁的老人将打破世界纪录成为最年长的大学毕业生.
该男子毕业于悉尼大学,获得临床医学硕士学位.
【解析】考生在翻译是不必将setanotherworldrecord机械地翻译成"设置另一个世界纪录",而需要灵活处理成"打破世界纪录".
另外注意一些关键词:masterdegree:硕士学位medicine:临床医学.
Accordingtothestatisticsrecentlyreleased,thepopulationof"post80'sgeneration"inthiscountryisover200million.
Themediausuallyreferstothemas"salvestoproperty,creditcards,childrenandmarriage.
"参考译文:最近的数据显示,该国"80后"的人数超过2亿.
媒体经常将其比作"房奴"、"卡奴","孩奴"和"婚奴".
【解析】本句中,考生需要特别注意数字的翻译,听写的过程中也要确保不要因为一时没有将数字反映过来而错过了之后的句子http://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66.
另外,对于"salvestoproperty,creditcards,childrenandmarriage",需要灵活处理成"房奴"、"卡奴","孩奴"和"婚奴".
.
Handshakegripshouldbenoharderthanthestrengththatyouwouldusetoholdadoorhandle.
Inaddition,youshouldmatchyourgriptothepersonyou'reshakinghandswith.
Elderlypeoplerequirealoosergrip.
参考译文:握手的力度应该小于握门把手的力度.
除此之外,对于不同的握手对象,应该控制好握手的力度.
如果对方是老人,握手时则应该松一点.
【解析】本句句子结构并不难,注意下noharderthan的结构,在这里处理成"比小"更符合中文的表达习惯.
对于动词match的翻译,也可以灵活的转译.
.
Textmessaginghasbecomeoneofthemostconvenientformsofcommunicationtoday.
Similartoe-mail,itallowsapersontoquicklytransmitandreceiveinformationbyacellphone.
Formany,textserviceisascommonasvoiceserviceinitself.
参考译文:短信已经成为当下最便利的沟通方式之一.
和电子邮件一样,手机短信也能使人用快速地发送和接受信息.
对很多人来说,短信服务本质上和语音服务一样常见.
【解析】本句话的信息是大家日常中十分熟悉的手机短信,句中没有难词、生词,难度并不大messaging:手机短信transmitandreceive:发送和接受://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66parPassageTranslation1【原文】'syoungerworkershavebeenhitespeciallyhardbythefinancialcrisis.
TheeconomycrisishastakenitstoeonBritain'syouth.
Onemillionplusarenowunemployed.
Morethan22%arethoseaged16to24.
ItmightbeworseinLondonifitisnotfortheupcomingSummerOlympics.
SomeoftheOlympicmoneyhasgonetohelpLondondisadvantageyouthtogetjobtraining.
Themajoringupcomingeventisofferingsomeopportunities.
WiththeOlympicgamesapproaching,thewholeLondonischanging.
Anewopportunityisdeveloping.
Butbytheautumn,theOlympicswillbeover.
Andmanyofthetemporaryjobswillgo.
SotheworryiswhatcouldwedoaftertheOlympics.
【参考译文】经济危机已给英国的年轻人带来深重的影响.
现在有一百多万人失业.
这些人中超过22%的人年龄集中于十六至二十四岁.
要不是因为即将来临的夏季奥运会,这种情况在伦敦可能会更为严重.
奥运会一部分收入已经用来帮助伦敦的弱势青年进行职业培训.
即将来临的盛事刚好提供了一些机会.
随着奥运会的临近,整个伦敦都正在改变着.
新机遇应运而生.
但到了秋季,运动会将会结束.
届时许多临时性的工作将不复存在.
因此我们担忧的是奥运会结束之后我们该http://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66怎么办.

【评析】本篇文章来源于2012年5月1日的CNNNews.
但是文章并不是原文复制,而是从中选取一些段落组成了这篇文章.
只要大家平时多关注主流英文媒体:VOA、BBC、CNN等,把握住经济永远是个热门又实际的话题,多加留心,那么就会觉得高口翻译其实也不难.
本文难度偏易.
话题是熟悉的经济危机,但是本文并未就这一原点深入探析,而是用引入了伦敦奥运这样一个大家熟知的话题,讲奥运给金融危机带来了一些转机,但是奥运结束后,英国金融危机仍令人担忧.
所以本篇没出现很难的金融或经济专业词汇.
Financialcrisis(金融危机)和economiccrisis(经济危机)这两个核心词汇大家要记住.
另外职业场合的一些高频词汇表达:workers,unemployed,jobtraining,opportunity.
年轻人失业或者说就业这个话题也是一个热门而经久不衰的.
大家平时多关注一些社会热点.
翻译过程中注意第一句话和第二句话的合并.
两句话表达的是一个意思.
因此该取舍时要大胆取舍.
如果不敢冒险,也可以把两句话都翻出来.
始终把握一点:英译汉的过程中,汉语要符合中国人的表达习惯.

第一句的被动语态,我们在汉译过程中,一般转被动态为主动,通常会用到"给,使,让"这种表达方式.
因此大家在学习翻译过程中多积累汉语的表达习惯.
不必要死扣字字对应.
mightbeworseinLondonifitisnotfortheupcomingSummerOlympics.
翻译这个句子,先要清楚"it"指代什么,然后if从句和前面的主句的译文调整一下表达顺序.
这就是翻译中的所谓"顺序译法或倒序译法""Themajoringupcomingeventisofferingsomeopportunities.
""thewholeLondonischanging.
"文中用了几次正在进行时,翻译灵活处理,不必都翻成"正在"manyofthetemporaryjobswillgo.
这一句http://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66注意"go"的译法,显然这里不再是其常见意义"去",而是指工作会不存在了.

Translation2【原文】manypeoplearecomplainingwhysomanyteenagersdonastythingsandthequestionisconstantlycrossingmymind,"Howcouldwepreventjuvenilecrime"Well,first,Ithinkthemediaexacerbatetheproblemandsodoestheschoolsystem.
WhereIlive,wehavethousandsofsecurityguardsintheschoolsandmetaldetectorstooandthekidsgetsearchedastheygointotheschool.
Nowallofthatpresentsthewrongmessage:thekidsdon'tfeellikethey'regoingschool.
Theyfeellikethey'regoingtojail.
Andsothey'remorelikelytolashoutandbecomeviolent.
Ithinkit'sacause-and-effectrelationship.
Thestudentsgetviolentbecomethesystemmakesthemlikethat.
【参考译文】最近很多人都在抱怨,为什么会有这么多年轻人去做些不光彩的事情我也一直在思考这个问题:"我们该怎样预防青少年犯罪"首先呢,我认为媒体和学校的制度都加重了这个问题.
在我住的地方,学校里有成千上万的保安和金属探测器,孩子们进校门的时候会被搜查.
所有这些都传达了错误的信息,孩子们会觉得他们http://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66不是去学校,而是进监狱.
因此,他们更容易发生口角斗殴,并变得粗暴.
我认为这存在着一种因果关系,学生变得粗暴是体系造成的.
【评析】本篇听译选材是较为常见的青少年犯罪问题.
第一句的难点在于nasty,crossmymind和juvenilecrime.
nasty可以表示"下流的、严重的、令人不快的、危害的"等诸多意思,但是本文翻译的时候要选取意思稍微客观的,比如"下流的"就不适合这样的语境翻译.
mymind这个短语,表示"偶然想到",但在constantly的修饰下,表示不断偶然想到,最终可以考虑翻译为"一直在思考".
crimes是本篇文章的核心关键词,但前文已经做了铺垫,也是就"whysomanyteenagersdonastythings",难度有所降低.
第二句的难点在于exacerbate和sodon.
这个结构.
exacerbate是指"加重",这个单词对词汇量要求颇高,但是听不懂也是可以翻译出来的,下文讲学校制度带来了负面的影响,而这里学校制度和媒体是so结构连接在一起的,可以推测出媒体的作用是负面的.
第三句的难点是metaldetector,这个短语指的是"金属探测器".
第六句的难点是lashout这个词组.
lashout这个词组表示"语言抨击或人身攻击",在这里结合语境可以翻译为"发生口角斗殴"或"口头和肢体攻击".
阅读下半场Saq第一篇:WhittamSmith:Sweethearttaxdealsaren'tforthelittlepeople出自:http://www.
independent.
co.
ukHarryRedknapp'sproblemwasthathewasaprivateindividualandnotalargecompany.
wasHarryRedknapp'smisfortunetoconfrontoneofthemhttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66ostpoorlyorganisedactivitiesofgovernment,theworkofHMRevenue&Customs.
AtSouthwarkCrownCourtyesterday,MrRedknappwasacquittedoftaxevasion.
Thefairandefficientcollectionoftaxesisunfortunatelyinthesamewretchedconditionascontrolofourborders,careofoldpeopleinhospitalanddefenceprocurement.
Itissomethingthatthestatedoesn'tdoverywell.
OneoftheHMRC'sfaultsisinconsistencyinitstreatmentofdifferentclassesoftaxpayers.
Redknapp,thefootballmanager,stoodaccusedofreceivingundisclosedbonuses.
Ifthatiswhattheywere,theywouldhavebeenclassifiedasincomeuponwhichtaxwaspayable.
Hedeniedthecharges,sayingthemoneywasreceivedforinvestmentpurposesandthatitwasunconnectedwithhisemployment.
AsacapitalsumcomingtoMrRedknappforbuyingshares,notaxwouldbeliable.
Induecourse,therewouldbetaxondividendsreceived,onanyprofitshttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66made,butnotontheoriginalcapitalsum.
Redknapp'sproblemwasthathewasaprivateindividualandnotalargecompany.
Thetreatmentofthefirstisrigorous,suspiciousanduncompromising.
MrRedknapphadmadeitworseforhimself,too,byopeningupabankaccountinMonaco.
YoucanseetheRevenuemindworkinghere–celebrity,handlingmillionsofpoundsintransferfees,livinginaworldofbungs,nodsandwinks,usingataxhaven.
TotheRevenue,theconclusionmusthaveseemedinevitable.
Andagoodonetogoforbecauseofthewarningtoothersasuccessfulprosecutionwouldhaveconveyed.
isunderpressureitself.
Earlierthisweek,itdisclosedthattheamountofunpaidtaxwrittenoffin2009-2010wasamonstrous£10.
9bn.
Thatisacolossalsum.
Buteven£10bnplusispartofsomethingmuchlarger.
At31March2011,theDepartmentwasseekingtoresolvetaxissueswithlargecompaniesvaluhttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66edatmorethan£25bn.
SotwoweeksoftrialatSouthwarkCrownCourtforMrRedknappfollowingfiveyearsofpoliceinvestigationandpreparationforasix-figuresumofmoney,atthemost,seemsoutofproportionwhenmanytimesthatamountremainsindisputewithbigcorporations.
,theRevenueissecretiveaboutitsdealings.
Ofcourse,everytaxpayerhastherighttoconfidentiality,but,equally,Parliamenthastobeabletosatisfyitselfthatproperproceduresarebeingfollowed.
AsaParliamentaryCommitteeobservedinarecentreport:"Asitstands,theDepartment'sdecisiontowithholddetailsfromusreducestransparencyandmakesitimpossibleforParliamenttoholdCommissionerstoaccount.
Thissituationisentirelyunacceptable.
"TheCommitteehasbeenparticularlycriticaloftheRevenue'sweakgovernancearrangementsthathavesometimesmeantthatthesameofficialsfirstnegotiatehttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66d,andthentheythemselvesapproved,thesettlementstheyhadmade.
mostnotoriousrecentexampleconcernedtheAmericaninvestmentbankingfirm,GoldmanSachs.
Owingtoa"mistake",thefirmpaid£20mlesstaxthanitshouldhavedoneonbonuspayments.
Likewise,Vodafonesettledalongdisputewithapaymentofjustover£1bnwhereas,itwasalleged,thetruefigureshouldhavebeenperhapsfourtimeshigher.
ThechairoftheCommitteeofPublicAccounts,MargaretHodgeMP,said:"Youareleftfeelingthatthesortofdealsthataremadewithbigbusinessaredifferent–sweetheartdealsinsomeinstances–fromthesortofwayinwhichcornershopsaretreated,smallbusinessaretreatedorhard-workingfamiliesaretreated.
"fact,taxavoidanceisawidespreadmiddle-classactivity.
TheheroineoftheinstinctivetaxcheatersissurelyLeonaHelmsley,theAmericanrealestateentrephttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66reneurwhobecameknownastheQueenofMean.
Shewasconvictedoffederaltaxevasionandothercrimesin1989.
TheturningpointinhertrialcamewhenaformerhousekeepertestifiedthatshehadheardMrsHelmsleysay:"Wedon'tpaytaxes.
Onlythelittlepeoplepaytaxes.
.
.
"classtaxdodgersrelyupontheoft-quotedlegalopinionthat"anyonemayarrangehisaffairssothathistaxesshallbeaslowaspossible;heisnotboundtochoosethatpatternwhichbestpaystheTreasury.
Thereisnotevenapatrioticdutytoincreaseone'staxes.
Overandoveragainthecourtshavesaidthatthereisnothingsinisterinsoarrangingaffairsastokeeptaxesaslowaspossible.
Everyonedoesit,richandpooralike,andalldoright,fornobodyowesanypublicdutytopaymorethanthelawdemands.
"whichmyreplyisthatpayingthetaxthatisdueisamoralduty.
Ifyoudon'tpay,thelittlepeophttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66lewillhavetopaymore.
JudgingfromwhatMrRedknapptoldthecourtduringhislengthycross-examinations,hewasonthesideofthelittlepeopleandnotremotelyinterestedintheweaselmanoeuvresofthemeninsuits.
阅读下半场Saq第二篇:research:Consent2.
0出自:http://doc.
100lw.
combetterwayofsigningupforstudiesofyourgenesANagewherepeoplepromiscuouslypostpersonaldataonthewebandregularlyclick"Iagree"toreamsoflegalesetheyhaveneverread,newsofyetanotherelectronicconsentform.
mightseemlikeabigyawn.
Butforthefutureofgenomics-relatedresearchthePortableLegalConsent,tobeannouncedshortlybySageBionetworks,anon-profitresearchorganisationbasedinSeattle,isanythingbutmundane.
Indeed,byreversingthenormalwayconsenttousepersonaldataisacquiredfrompatientsinclinicaltrials,itcouldspellanewrelationshipbetweenscientistsanhttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66dthehumansubjectsoftheirresearch,withpotentialbenefitsthatextendwellbeyondgenomics.
ShareandenjoyheartofPortableLegalConsentisthenotionthatanyonewhosignsupforaclinicaltrial,orsimplyhashisgenomereadinordertoanticipatetheriskofdisease,shouldeasilybeabletosharehisgenomicandhealthdatanotjustwiththatresearchgrouporcompany,butwithallscientistswhoarepreparedinturntoacceptsomesensiblerulesabouthowtheymayusethedata.
Themainoneoftheseisthattheresultsofinvestigationswhichincludesuch"opensource"datamust,themselves,befreelyandpubliclyavailable.
Inmuchthesameveinastheopen-source-softwaremovement,thepurposeofthisistoincreasethelong-termvalueofthedata,byallowingthemtobereusedinwaysthatmaynotevenhavebeenconceivedofatthetimetheywerecollected.
approachcontrastswithtoday'shttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66systemofsecretivedatasilosforparticularstudiesofspecificdiseases.
Patientssometimesdiscoverthattheyhaveevensignedawaytheirrightstoseetheirowndata.
mayservethenarrowinterestsofaresearchgroupordrugcompanyintentonkeepingcompetitorsatbay.
Butthepotentialofgenomicdatatoprovidefurtherinsights,perhapsincompletelynovelcontexts,ishuge—especiallywhencorrelatedwithaperson'smedicalrecord.
Also,teasingoutcorrelationsbetweenparticulargenotypesanddiseasesinastatisticallymeaningfulwayrequireslargesetsofdata;thelargertheset,themorebelievablethecorrelations.
PortableLegalConsentbringsthepromiseofverylargedatasetsindeed.
Evenforacademiaandindustry,thesebenefitsshouldeventuallyoutweightheshort-termdrawbacksofsharing.
Indeed,accordingtoJohnWilbanks,thecreatorofPortableLegalConsent,representativesofseveraldrugcompanihttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66eshaveexpressedenthusiasmaboutSageBionetworks'approach.
Andappealingfeatures,suchasso-calledsyndicatingtechnology,whichautomaticallyinformsbothresearchersandvolunteersaboutnewdatarelevanttoaspecificdrugordisease,shouldreducetheresistanceofindividualresearcherstothelossofcontrolofwhattheyusedtothinkofastheirowndata.
course,sharinginthisopen-endedwaycarriesrisks.
Thedatainvolvedare"de-identified"—meaningtheycannotimmediatelybetracedtoaspecificindividual.
ButasMrWilbanksnotes,thisisnotafoolproofguaranteeofanonymity.
sharedmight,forexample,betracedbacktotheirownerbysophisticatedsearchalgorithms.
Orsomemalevolenthackermightexposethemtotheworld.
Thosesqueamishaboutsharingtheirpersonalinformationshouldprobablynotsigntheconsentform,MrWilbankscounsels.
Butthosewhobelievethebenefitofdoingso—accelhttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66eratingthepaceofmedicalresearch—outweighstheriskscanstarttopooltheirowndatanextmonthonaspecialwebsite:http://doc.
100lw.
com.
makesureconsentistrulyinformed,MrWilbanksandhisteamhavegonetogreatlengthstoexplaintheconsequencestosignatories.
Thereisanonlinetutorialthatcannotbebypassed.
Uploadedinformationmayberemovedfromthedatabaseonrequest,atanytime,buttheproviderisclearlywarnedthatitmayhavealreadyfounditswayintoplacesfromwhichitcannotbeerased.
Bionetworkshopes25,000peoplewillsignupinthefirstyear,eitherbecausetrialorganiserschoosetoadopttheprotocolorvolunteersinsistonit.
Buttobereallyuseful,thedatabasewouldneedtogrowtotenor100timesthissize.
MrWilbankshasthereforestarteddiscussionswithseveralfirmsthatoffercommercialgenetictestsforarangeofdiseases.
ItisalsolinkingupwithPatienthttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66sLikeMe,anorganisationthathelpsalmost150,000peoplefindthosewithsimilarillnesses,inordertosharetheirexperiences.
weallagreedfar,thePortableLegalConsentisvalidonlyinAmerica,althoughSageBionetworksislookingatwaysofadaptingittofitthelegalframeworksofChinaandtheEuropeanUnion.
Howquicklytheideawillcatchonremainstobeseen.
Butifitdoes,othersortsofresearcherswhorelyongatheringpersonaldata—forexampleinsociologyorintrackingenergyuseinhomes—mayfinditattractive.
Andthatwouldenableresearchofasortthatisnowimpossible,byopeningupthefieldofquantifiablesocialscience.
Translation(C-E):【原文】我们要创造更加良好的政治环境和更加自由的学术氛围,让人民追求真理、崇尚理性、尊重科学,探索自然的奥秘、社会的法则和人生的真谛.
做学问、搞科研,尤其需要倡导"独立之精神,自由之思想".
正因为有了充分的学术自由,像牛顿这样在人类历史上具有伟大影响的科学家,才能够思潮奔腾、才华迸发,敢于思考前人从未思考过的问题,敢于踏进前人从未涉足的领域.
不久前,我同中国科学家交流时提出,要大力营造敢于创造、敢冒风险、敢于批http://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66判和宽容失败的环境,鼓励自由探索,提倡学术争鸣.
我们历来主张尊重世界文明的多样性,倡导不同文明之间的对话、交流与合作.
我国已故著名社会学家费孝通先生,上世纪30年代曾就读于伦敦政治经济学院并获得博士学位,一生饱经沧桑.
他在晚年提出:"各美其美,美人之美,美美与共,世界大同.
"费老先生的这一人生感悟,生动反映了当代中国人开放包容的胸怀.
【参考译文】shouldcreateabetterpoliticalenvironmentandafreeracademicatmosphereinwhichpeoplecanpursuetruth,exercisereasoningandrespectscience,inwhichthemysteriesofnature,thelawsgoverningsocietyandthetruemeaningoflifecanbefullyexplored.
Thespiritofindependenceandfreedominthinkingisparticularlyimportantinacademicstudiesandresearch.
ItwasinanenvironmentofacademicfreedomthatgreatscientistslikeIsaacNewton,whohadaprofoundimpactonhumanhistory,wereabletobringouttheirbest,probeissuesnotquestionedbypredecessorsandblazeanewtrail.
InmyrecentconversationwithsomeChinesescientists,Icalledforcreatinganenvironmentwhichencouragesinnovation,criticismandriskhttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66-takingandtoleratesfailure,anenvironmentthatencouragesfreeexplorationofnewthingsandstimulatesacademicdebate.
havealwayscalledforrespectingthediversityofcivilizationsandadvocateddialogue,exchangesandcooperationamongthem.
ThelateMr.
FeiXiaotong,awell-knownChinesesociologist,receivedhisPhDattheLondonSchoolofEconomicsandPoliticalScienceinthe1930s.
Havinggonethroughmanyvicissitudesinlife,heconcludedinhislateyearsthat"Theworldwillbeaharmoniousplaceifpeopleappreciatetheirownbeautyandthatofothers,andworktogethertocreatebeautyintheworld.
"ThesethoughtsbestillustratetheopenandinclusivemindsetofChinatoday.
【评析】出自温总理在英国皇家学会上的演讲.
6月27日,温总理到访英国皇家学会,发表了"中国改革开放以来的发展变化及未来中国的走向"为主题的演讲,其中涉及大量国家政治经济、社会建设、科技发展、人民生活等宏大议题.

文中关键词有:独立精神,spiritofindependence;学术自由,academicfreedom;文明多样性,diversityofcivilizations;学术争鸣,ahttp://doc.
100lw.
com/doc/6bb16c67f09f3f9b2ddeca66cademicdebate等.
文中开篇第一句的难点在于断句并找出文中暗含的关系.
同学们一般采用的就是全部并列,忽略前后之间暗含的关系,示范译文处理为"inwhich"的关系.
"大力营造敢于创造、敢冒风险、敢于批判和宽容失败的环境"考察的是学生在汉译英时词性转换的能力,译文通过"encouragesinnovation,criticismandrisk-takingandtoleratesfailure"意译出原文.
专有名词,如牛顿、伦敦政治经济学院,也比较考验学生的常识积累.
"各美其美,美人之美,美美与共,世界大同.
"这就要求拥有一定的文化积淀,准确理解其内涵,并用通俗易懂的语言转化为英文.
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