disrupt免费dns
免费dns 时间:2021-04-20 阅读:()
1464XLAT:BreakingFreeofIPv4Cameron.
Byrne@T-Mobile.
comAPRICOT2014BackgroundT-MobileUSisaGSM/UMTS/LTEproviderintheUSAwith45+MillionsubscribersIn2008,T-MobilelaunchedthefirstAndroidphone.
Thisdramaticallychangedthemobiledatadynamics–moredevices,connectedforalongertime,allneedingIPaddressesT-MobileembracedtheconceptofIPv6-only,sincedual-stackrequiredIPv4thatwasnotavailableNAT64/DNS64wasagoodsolutionthatdidnotrequireIPv4oneachclient,butsomeapplicationsfailedtoworkonIPv6-onlynetworks.
ItisnotacceptabletobreakSkypeorNetflix,applicationsthatrequireIPv4T-Mobile,inpartnershipwithNECandJPIX,documented464XLATintheIETFasRFC6877toovercomethelimitationsofNAT64byaddingaNAT46intotheclient(CLAT)Android4.
3introducedsupportfor464XLATinOctober20132ResultsAreImportantT-MobileUSlaunched5Androidphoneswith464XLATasthedefaultinthelast5months,allAndroid4.
3+phoneswillbe464XLATinthefutureatT-MobileUS3.
6millionuniqueIPv6subscribersinthefirst5monthsareactiveonthenetworkhttp://www.
worldipv6launch.
org/measurements/measurementsshow15.
76%ofallT-MobileconnectionsarenowIPv6,asofFebruary21,2014Over50%ofIPv6-usertrafficisend-to-endIPv6(notranslationneeded)Thissavesmoneyandmakesthenetworksimpler315.
76ofT-MobileUSConnectionsuse464XLAT4Default464XLATPhonesatT-MobileUS5SamsungNote3Google/LGNexus5SamsungMega464XLATPhones6SonyZ1sGalaxyLight464XLATallowsforfullfunctionalityonIPv6-onlynetworksDual-stackdoesnotsolvetheIPv4numberscarcityissueIPv6-only+NAT64/DNS64isverygood,butnotgoodenoughforfullIPv4replacement(webandemailwork,butSkypedoesnotwork)IPv6-only+464XLATSolvesIPv4numberingissuebynotassigningIPv4toclientsDecouplesedgegrowthfromIPv4availabilityIPv4-onlyapplicationslikeSkypeworkonanIPv6-onlynetworkbecause464XLATtranslatesIPv4onthephonetoIPv6onthenetwork7IPv6deploymentiseasyachievableT-MobileUSAdidnotspendanyCapExonIPv6Onlyintroduce464XLATonnewphones,sowedonotdisruptanyexistingservicesInnovativethinkinghelpsreducedeploymentcosts(hash128bitnumbersinto32bitfieldsinbillingrecords)IPv6willsavemoneyinyournetwork(lessNAT/CGN,noneedtobuyIPv4addresses,…)8Infact,withroaming,wecanshowChunghwainTaiwanandMYMAXISinMalaysiasupportIPv6todayintheRadioAccessNetwork(RAN)9WhichPlatformsSupports464XLATTodayYESAndroid4.
3+NOBlackberryAppleWindowsPhone()10IMPORTANT!
AnythingthatisnativelyIPv6enableddoesnotrequireanysortoftranslation,464XLATisidleandtransparentforanyIPv6end-to-endflowIPv6end-to-endjustworks!
464XLATisonlyforserviceandapplicationsthatareusingLEGACYIPV4AsmoreandmoreservicestransitiontoIPv6,464XLATisengagedlessandless464XLATisanIPv4EXITSTRATEGY11THETECHNICALDETAILS12464XLATisjustasetofbuildingblocksStatelessNAT64(RFC6145)ClientsidetranslationCLATStatefullNAT64(RFC6146)ProvidersitetranslationPLATDNS64(RFC6147)WhentheFQDNdoesnothaveaAAAArecord,DNS64dynamicallycreatesonethatallowstheclienttouseIPv6andthenetworktranslatesfromIPv6toIPv4attheNAT64Prefix64Discovery(RFC7050)Queriesforthewell-knownFQDNipv4only.
arpa,whichisbydefinitionIPv4-only.
IfthereisaAAAAresponseprovided,thenitisknownthataDNS64isinthepath133Scenariosin464XLAT1.
End-to-endIPv6:Facebook,Google,Wikipedia,Yahoo,Youtube…IPv6->IPv62.
ApplicationsupportsIPv6(webbrowser)buttheserverisonlyIPv4(www.
amazon.
com,www.
myspace.
com,…),soDNS64/NAT64translatesIPv6->IPv43.
ApplicationdoesnotsupportIPv6(Skype,Whatsapp,…),theclientmustprovideastatelessNAT46totheapplicationandstatefulNAT64mustbeinthenetwork:IPv4->IPv6->IPv414HowdoesStatelessNAT64workAlgorithmicallymapIPv4addressestoIPv6addresses,bidirectional,1to1NotdynamicDeterministicMapsallofIPv4's32bitsintoanIPv6/96(orlargerprefix)DefinedinRFC6145Example2001:db8::10.
1.
1.
110.
1.
1.
12001:db8::10.
2.
2.
210.
2.
2.
22001:db8::www.
example.
comipv4www.
example.
com15HowdoesStatefulNAT64work16DynamicallytranslateIPv6packetstoIPv4packetsDynamicNotdeterministic(translationbasedonavailableIPv4pool)Translationstateisshort-livedandbasedonsessioncreationandterminationDefinedinRFC6146ExampleBeforetranslationTCPsource2001:db8:abcd::ffffport555#clientaddressTCPdestination2001:db8:1234::10.
1.
1.
1port80#NAT64addressAftertranslationTCPsource192.
168.
1.
1port555#192.
168.
1.
1availablefromNAT64poolTCPdestination10.
1.
1.
1port80#Last32bitsofIPv6destinationHowdoesDNS64workWhenanFQDNdoesnothaveaAAAArecord,theDNS64willsyntheticallycreateonebasedonanetworkdefinedPref64Thepref64isaprefixhostedontheNAT64fortranslationExamplewithoutDNS64Query=aandaaaaforwww.
example.
comAnswer=a=10.
1.
1.
1,aaaa=NOERRORExamplewithDNS64Query=aandaaaaforwww.
example.
comAnswer=a=10.
1.
1.
1ANDaaaa=2001:db8::10.
1.
1.
117HowisthePref64discoveredontheclientPref64istopologicallylocatedontheNAT64TheDNS64forcesclientstosendtraffictotheNAT64fortranslationfromIPv6toIPv4AutomaticdiscoveryofPref64isdefinedinRFC7050Theclientwilllookupthewell-knownFQDNipv4only.
arpa.
IfaAAAArecordispresentedforthiswell-knowIPv4-onlyFQDN,theclientcanparsetheresponsetofindthePref64usedwithinthisnetwork18Pref64ConfigurationInformationFlow19HowtomakeEVERYTHINGworkonIPv6-only20ZoomOut:Whatdoesthislooklikeinthecontextof3GPPGSM/UMTS/LTE21HighLevelViewofIPv6deployment:Phone,HLRprofile,GGSN,NAT64,IPv6ISP2223ImpacttoNetworkEntitiesImpacttoNetworkEntitiesZoomin:WhatdoesthedefaultAndroidconfigurationlooklike:clatd.
conf24Zoomin:Whatdoesthephoneconfigurationlooklike:APNSettings25InAndroid4.
3,"APNProtocolIPv6"forthe"APNTypedefault"triggerstheuseof464XLATbydefaultIPv6=464XLATTIMEFORWIRESHARK26Likemostthings,westartwithDNSTheclientisIPv6-onlytowardsthenetwork,butthehostOSthinksitisdual-stacksinceithasanIPv4CLATinterfaceandanativeIPv6radiointerfaceSo,theclientdoesaqueryforDNS"A"and"AAAA"recordsTheDNS64respondswithasynthesizedAAAAandtherealAThesynthesizedAAAA=Pref64+realIPv427QuickCheckDoesthesynthesizedAAAAmatchthepref64+realA28pref64RealIPv4Next,theUEselectstheIPv6DNSresponse,andstartsTCPFromtheclientperspective,thisisanativeIPv6end-to-endflowBut,weknowthattheDNSisasynthesizedAAAAandtheclientisactuallysendingitspacketstotheNAT64forIPv6->IPv4statefultranslationThisisjustDNS64/NAT64,noclient-sidetranslationneededforthisscenario29Thefullcaseof464XLATdoubletranslation:WhatsApp30SYNissentfromtheCLATaddress31Remember,wesettheclatd.
conftousetheIIDof::464forCLATtranslationsTheMMSsituationTheAndroidMMSfunctioncommunicatesdirectlytothemodemandby-passesthenormalOSnetworkingstackFrequentlyMMSisitsownAPNThismeans464XLATisbypassed,464XLATonlyworksonthedefaultAPN,notspecialAPNslikeSUPLandMMSSolutionsUseanFQDN,DNS64stillworksfineIfyoucannotuseanFQDN,manuallyuseaNAT64literalinsteadoftheIPv4literal(pref64+ipv4literal)32Security:FollowtheruleofleastprivilegeFilteraccesstotheDNSseverFilteraccesstothePref64ontheNAT64UsingULAPref64willNOTworkwellsinceAndroidprefersIPv4overIPv6ULA.
Thisresultsin100%CLATtranslationsforIPv4resources33SummaryIPv4doesnotfitthebusinessneedstogrowtheedgeofournetworksfueledbygrowthfrominternetofthingsandcloudIPv6workstodayandisdeployedonsomeofthelargestedgenetworks464XLATallowsnetworkstogrowwithoutmanypublicIPv4addressesIPv6deploymentin3GPPGSM/UMTS/LTEisachievabletoday34BigPicture:WemustavoidtheInternet'slargestgrowthengine(mobile)frombeingindefinitelytiedtoscarceIPv4andfragilestatefulNAT44.
Byrne@T-Mobile.
comAPRICOT2014BackgroundT-MobileUSisaGSM/UMTS/LTEproviderintheUSAwith45+MillionsubscribersIn2008,T-MobilelaunchedthefirstAndroidphone.
Thisdramaticallychangedthemobiledatadynamics–moredevices,connectedforalongertime,allneedingIPaddressesT-MobileembracedtheconceptofIPv6-only,sincedual-stackrequiredIPv4thatwasnotavailableNAT64/DNS64wasagoodsolutionthatdidnotrequireIPv4oneachclient,butsomeapplicationsfailedtoworkonIPv6-onlynetworks.
ItisnotacceptabletobreakSkypeorNetflix,applicationsthatrequireIPv4T-Mobile,inpartnershipwithNECandJPIX,documented464XLATintheIETFasRFC6877toovercomethelimitationsofNAT64byaddingaNAT46intotheclient(CLAT)Android4.
3introducedsupportfor464XLATinOctober20132ResultsAreImportantT-MobileUSlaunched5Androidphoneswith464XLATasthedefaultinthelast5months,allAndroid4.
3+phoneswillbe464XLATinthefutureatT-MobileUS3.
6millionuniqueIPv6subscribersinthefirst5monthsareactiveonthenetworkhttp://www.
worldipv6launch.
org/measurements/measurementsshow15.
76%ofallT-MobileconnectionsarenowIPv6,asofFebruary21,2014Over50%ofIPv6-usertrafficisend-to-endIPv6(notranslationneeded)Thissavesmoneyandmakesthenetworksimpler315.
76ofT-MobileUSConnectionsuse464XLAT4Default464XLATPhonesatT-MobileUS5SamsungNote3Google/LGNexus5SamsungMega464XLATPhones6SonyZ1sGalaxyLight464XLATallowsforfullfunctionalityonIPv6-onlynetworksDual-stackdoesnotsolvetheIPv4numberscarcityissueIPv6-only+NAT64/DNS64isverygood,butnotgoodenoughforfullIPv4replacement(webandemailwork,butSkypedoesnotwork)IPv6-only+464XLATSolvesIPv4numberingissuebynotassigningIPv4toclientsDecouplesedgegrowthfromIPv4availabilityIPv4-onlyapplicationslikeSkypeworkonanIPv6-onlynetworkbecause464XLATtranslatesIPv4onthephonetoIPv6onthenetwork7IPv6deploymentiseasyachievableT-MobileUSAdidnotspendanyCapExonIPv6Onlyintroduce464XLATonnewphones,sowedonotdisruptanyexistingservicesInnovativethinkinghelpsreducedeploymentcosts(hash128bitnumbersinto32bitfieldsinbillingrecords)IPv6willsavemoneyinyournetwork(lessNAT/CGN,noneedtobuyIPv4addresses,…)8Infact,withroaming,wecanshowChunghwainTaiwanandMYMAXISinMalaysiasupportIPv6todayintheRadioAccessNetwork(RAN)9WhichPlatformsSupports464XLATTodayYESAndroid4.
3+NOBlackberryAppleWindowsPhone()10IMPORTANT!
AnythingthatisnativelyIPv6enableddoesnotrequireanysortoftranslation,464XLATisidleandtransparentforanyIPv6end-to-endflowIPv6end-to-endjustworks!
464XLATisonlyforserviceandapplicationsthatareusingLEGACYIPV4AsmoreandmoreservicestransitiontoIPv6,464XLATisengagedlessandless464XLATisanIPv4EXITSTRATEGY11THETECHNICALDETAILS12464XLATisjustasetofbuildingblocksStatelessNAT64(RFC6145)ClientsidetranslationCLATStatefullNAT64(RFC6146)ProvidersitetranslationPLATDNS64(RFC6147)WhentheFQDNdoesnothaveaAAAArecord,DNS64dynamicallycreatesonethatallowstheclienttouseIPv6andthenetworktranslatesfromIPv6toIPv4attheNAT64Prefix64Discovery(RFC7050)Queriesforthewell-knownFQDNipv4only.
arpa,whichisbydefinitionIPv4-only.
IfthereisaAAAAresponseprovided,thenitisknownthataDNS64isinthepath133Scenariosin464XLAT1.
End-to-endIPv6:Facebook,Google,Wikipedia,Yahoo,Youtube…IPv6->IPv62.
ApplicationsupportsIPv6(webbrowser)buttheserverisonlyIPv4(www.
amazon.
com,www.
myspace.
com,…),soDNS64/NAT64translatesIPv6->IPv43.
ApplicationdoesnotsupportIPv6(Skype,Whatsapp,…),theclientmustprovideastatelessNAT46totheapplicationandstatefulNAT64mustbeinthenetwork:IPv4->IPv6->IPv414HowdoesStatelessNAT64workAlgorithmicallymapIPv4addressestoIPv6addresses,bidirectional,1to1NotdynamicDeterministicMapsallofIPv4's32bitsintoanIPv6/96(orlargerprefix)DefinedinRFC6145Example2001:db8::10.
1.
1.
110.
1.
1.
12001:db8::10.
2.
2.
210.
2.
2.
22001:db8::www.
example.
comipv4www.
example.
com15HowdoesStatefulNAT64work16DynamicallytranslateIPv6packetstoIPv4packetsDynamicNotdeterministic(translationbasedonavailableIPv4pool)Translationstateisshort-livedandbasedonsessioncreationandterminationDefinedinRFC6146ExampleBeforetranslationTCPsource2001:db8:abcd::ffffport555#clientaddressTCPdestination2001:db8:1234::10.
1.
1.
1port80#NAT64addressAftertranslationTCPsource192.
168.
1.
1port555#192.
168.
1.
1availablefromNAT64poolTCPdestination10.
1.
1.
1port80#Last32bitsofIPv6destinationHowdoesDNS64workWhenanFQDNdoesnothaveaAAAArecord,theDNS64willsyntheticallycreateonebasedonanetworkdefinedPref64Thepref64isaprefixhostedontheNAT64fortranslationExamplewithoutDNS64Query=aandaaaaforwww.
example.
comAnswer=a=10.
1.
1.
1,aaaa=NOERRORExamplewithDNS64Query=aandaaaaforwww.
example.
comAnswer=a=10.
1.
1.
1ANDaaaa=2001:db8::10.
1.
1.
117HowisthePref64discoveredontheclientPref64istopologicallylocatedontheNAT64TheDNS64forcesclientstosendtraffictotheNAT64fortranslationfromIPv6toIPv4AutomaticdiscoveryofPref64isdefinedinRFC7050Theclientwilllookupthewell-knownFQDNipv4only.
arpa.
IfaAAAArecordispresentedforthiswell-knowIPv4-onlyFQDN,theclientcanparsetheresponsetofindthePref64usedwithinthisnetwork18Pref64ConfigurationInformationFlow19HowtomakeEVERYTHINGworkonIPv6-only20ZoomOut:Whatdoesthislooklikeinthecontextof3GPPGSM/UMTS/LTE21HighLevelViewofIPv6deployment:Phone,HLRprofile,GGSN,NAT64,IPv6ISP2223ImpacttoNetworkEntitiesImpacttoNetworkEntitiesZoomin:WhatdoesthedefaultAndroidconfigurationlooklike:clatd.
conf24Zoomin:Whatdoesthephoneconfigurationlooklike:APNSettings25InAndroid4.
3,"APNProtocolIPv6"forthe"APNTypedefault"triggerstheuseof464XLATbydefaultIPv6=464XLATTIMEFORWIRESHARK26Likemostthings,westartwithDNSTheclientisIPv6-onlytowardsthenetwork,butthehostOSthinksitisdual-stacksinceithasanIPv4CLATinterfaceandanativeIPv6radiointerfaceSo,theclientdoesaqueryforDNS"A"and"AAAA"recordsTheDNS64respondswithasynthesizedAAAAandtherealAThesynthesizedAAAA=Pref64+realIPv427QuickCheckDoesthesynthesizedAAAAmatchthepref64+realA28pref64RealIPv4Next,theUEselectstheIPv6DNSresponse,andstartsTCPFromtheclientperspective,thisisanativeIPv6end-to-endflowBut,weknowthattheDNSisasynthesizedAAAAandtheclientisactuallysendingitspacketstotheNAT64forIPv6->IPv4statefultranslationThisisjustDNS64/NAT64,noclient-sidetranslationneededforthisscenario29Thefullcaseof464XLATdoubletranslation:WhatsApp30SYNissentfromtheCLATaddress31Remember,wesettheclatd.
conftousetheIIDof::464forCLATtranslationsTheMMSsituationTheAndroidMMSfunctioncommunicatesdirectlytothemodemandby-passesthenormalOSnetworkingstackFrequentlyMMSisitsownAPNThismeans464XLATisbypassed,464XLATonlyworksonthedefaultAPN,notspecialAPNslikeSUPLandMMSSolutionsUseanFQDN,DNS64stillworksfineIfyoucannotuseanFQDN,manuallyuseaNAT64literalinsteadoftheIPv4literal(pref64+ipv4literal)32Security:FollowtheruleofleastprivilegeFilteraccesstotheDNSseverFilteraccesstothePref64ontheNAT64UsingULAPref64willNOTworkwellsinceAndroidprefersIPv4overIPv6ULA.
Thisresultsin100%CLATtranslationsforIPv4resources33SummaryIPv4doesnotfitthebusinessneedstogrowtheedgeofournetworksfueledbygrowthfrominternetofthingsandcloudIPv6workstodayandisdeployedonsomeofthelargestedgenetworks464XLATallowsnetworkstogrowwithoutmanypublicIPv4addressesIPv6deploymentin3GPPGSM/UMTS/LTEisachievabletoday34BigPicture:WemustavoidtheInternet'slargestgrowthengine(mobile)frombeingindefinitelytiedtoscarceIPv4andfragilestatefulNAT44.
- disrupt免费dns相关文档
- IP免费dns
- features免费dns
- 支持免费dns
- Users免费dns
- 域名免费dns
- drop免费dns
paypal$10的代金券，选购美国VPS
paypal贝宝可撸$10的代金券!这两天paypal出了活动，本次并没有其他的限制，只要注册国区的paypal，使用国内的手机号和62开头的银联卡，就可以获得10美元的代金券，这个代金券购买产品需要大于10.1美元，站长给大家推荐几个方式，可以白嫖一年的VPS，有需要的朋友可以看看比较简单。PayPal送10美元活动：点击直达活动sfz与绑定卡的号码可以重复用 注册的邮箱，手机号与绑的银联卡必须...
趣米云月付460元，香港CN2云服务器VPS月付低至18元
趣米云早期为做技术起家，为3家IDC提供技术服务2年多，目前商家在售的服务有香港vps、香港独立服务器、香港站群服务器等，线路方面都是目前最优质的CN2，直连大陆，延时非常低，适合做站，目前商家正在做七月优惠活动，VPS低至18元，价格算是比较便宜的了。趣米云vps优惠套餐：KVM虚拟架构，香港沙田机房，线路采用三网(电信，联通，移动)回程电信cn2、cn2 gia优质网络，延迟低，速度快。自行封...
乐凝网络支持24小时无理由退款，香港HKBN/美国CERA云服务器,低至9.88元/月起
乐凝网络怎么样?乐凝网络是一家新兴的云服务器商家，目前主要提供香港CN2 GIA、美国CUVIP、美国CERA、日本东京CN2等云服务器及云挂机宝等服务。乐凝网络提供比同行更多的售后服务，让您在使用过程中更加省心，使用零云服务器，可免费享受超过50项运维服务，1分钟内极速响应，平均20分钟内解决运维问题，助您无忧上云。目前，香港HKBN/美国cera云服务器,低至9.88元/月起,支持24小时无理...
免费dns为你推荐
-
!'UIDETO"UILDING3ECURE7EB!PPLICATIONSmagento既然magento那么强大，为什么还有那么多用zencart的？zencart还有发展的空间吗？在线代理怎么样设置代理，让别人看我的IP是别的地方，不是我真实的IP？新iphone也将禁售苹果手机现在在中国是不是不能卖了360与搜狗腾讯搜搜为什么比不上360比不上搜狗比不上百度 ？cisco2960cisco 2960 和3560企业信息查询系统官网怎么查企业信息是否在网上公示过的是cuteftppiaonimai这位主播叫什么传奇域名自己的传奇服务器怎么建设？