disrupt免费dns
免费dns 时间:2021-04-20 阅读:()
1464XLAT:BreakingFreeofIPv4Cameron.
Byrne@T-Mobile.
comAPRICOT2014BackgroundT-MobileUSisaGSM/UMTS/LTEproviderintheUSAwith45+MillionsubscribersIn2008,T-MobilelaunchedthefirstAndroidphone.
Thisdramaticallychangedthemobiledatadynamics–moredevices,connectedforalongertime,allneedingIPaddressesT-MobileembracedtheconceptofIPv6-only,sincedual-stackrequiredIPv4thatwasnotavailableNAT64/DNS64wasagoodsolutionthatdidnotrequireIPv4oneachclient,butsomeapplicationsfailedtoworkonIPv6-onlynetworks.
ItisnotacceptabletobreakSkypeorNetflix,applicationsthatrequireIPv4T-Mobile,inpartnershipwithNECandJPIX,documented464XLATintheIETFasRFC6877toovercomethelimitationsofNAT64byaddingaNAT46intotheclient(CLAT)Android4.
3introducedsupportfor464XLATinOctober20132ResultsAreImportantT-MobileUSlaunched5Androidphoneswith464XLATasthedefaultinthelast5months,allAndroid4.
3+phoneswillbe464XLATinthefutureatT-MobileUS3.
6millionuniqueIPv6subscribersinthefirst5monthsareactiveonthenetworkhttp://www.
worldipv6launch.
org/measurements/measurementsshow15.
76%ofallT-MobileconnectionsarenowIPv6,asofFebruary21,2014Over50%ofIPv6-usertrafficisend-to-endIPv6(notranslationneeded)Thissavesmoneyandmakesthenetworksimpler315.
76ofT-MobileUSConnectionsuse464XLAT4Default464XLATPhonesatT-MobileUS5SamsungNote3Google/LGNexus5SamsungMega464XLATPhones6SonyZ1sGalaxyLight464XLATallowsforfullfunctionalityonIPv6-onlynetworksDual-stackdoesnotsolvetheIPv4numberscarcityissueIPv6-only+NAT64/DNS64isverygood,butnotgoodenoughforfullIPv4replacement(webandemailwork,butSkypedoesnotwork)IPv6-only+464XLATSolvesIPv4numberingissuebynotassigningIPv4toclientsDecouplesedgegrowthfromIPv4availabilityIPv4-onlyapplicationslikeSkypeworkonanIPv6-onlynetworkbecause464XLATtranslatesIPv4onthephonetoIPv6onthenetwork7IPv6deploymentiseasyachievableT-MobileUSAdidnotspendanyCapExonIPv6Onlyintroduce464XLATonnewphones,sowedonotdisruptanyexistingservicesInnovativethinkinghelpsreducedeploymentcosts(hash128bitnumbersinto32bitfieldsinbillingrecords)IPv6willsavemoneyinyournetwork(lessNAT/CGN,noneedtobuyIPv4addresses,…)8Infact,withroaming,wecanshowChunghwainTaiwanandMYMAXISinMalaysiasupportIPv6todayintheRadioAccessNetwork(RAN)9WhichPlatformsSupports464XLATTodayYESAndroid4.
3+NOBlackberryAppleWindowsPhone()10IMPORTANT!
AnythingthatisnativelyIPv6enableddoesnotrequireanysortoftranslation,464XLATisidleandtransparentforanyIPv6end-to-endflowIPv6end-to-endjustworks!
464XLATisonlyforserviceandapplicationsthatareusingLEGACYIPV4AsmoreandmoreservicestransitiontoIPv6,464XLATisengagedlessandless464XLATisanIPv4EXITSTRATEGY11THETECHNICALDETAILS12464XLATisjustasetofbuildingblocksStatelessNAT64(RFC6145)ClientsidetranslationCLATStatefullNAT64(RFC6146)ProvidersitetranslationPLATDNS64(RFC6147)WhentheFQDNdoesnothaveaAAAArecord,DNS64dynamicallycreatesonethatallowstheclienttouseIPv6andthenetworktranslatesfromIPv6toIPv4attheNAT64Prefix64Discovery(RFC7050)Queriesforthewell-knownFQDNipv4only.
arpa,whichisbydefinitionIPv4-only.
IfthereisaAAAAresponseprovided,thenitisknownthataDNS64isinthepath133Scenariosin464XLAT1.
End-to-endIPv6:Facebook,Google,Wikipedia,Yahoo,Youtube…IPv6->IPv62.
ApplicationsupportsIPv6(webbrowser)buttheserverisonlyIPv4(www.
amazon.
com,www.
myspace.
com,…),soDNS64/NAT64translatesIPv6->IPv43.
ApplicationdoesnotsupportIPv6(Skype,Whatsapp,…),theclientmustprovideastatelessNAT46totheapplicationandstatefulNAT64mustbeinthenetwork:IPv4->IPv6->IPv414HowdoesStatelessNAT64workAlgorithmicallymapIPv4addressestoIPv6addresses,bidirectional,1to1NotdynamicDeterministicMapsallofIPv4's32bitsintoanIPv6/96(orlargerprefix)DefinedinRFC6145Example2001:db8::10.
1.
1.
110.
1.
1.
12001:db8::10.
2.
2.
210.
2.
2.
22001:db8::www.
example.
comipv4www.
example.
com15HowdoesStatefulNAT64work16DynamicallytranslateIPv6packetstoIPv4packetsDynamicNotdeterministic(translationbasedonavailableIPv4pool)Translationstateisshort-livedandbasedonsessioncreationandterminationDefinedinRFC6146ExampleBeforetranslationTCPsource2001:db8:abcd::ffffport555#clientaddressTCPdestination2001:db8:1234::10.
1.
1.
1port80#NAT64addressAftertranslationTCPsource192.
168.
1.
1port555#192.
168.
1.
1availablefromNAT64poolTCPdestination10.
1.
1.
1port80#Last32bitsofIPv6destinationHowdoesDNS64workWhenanFQDNdoesnothaveaAAAArecord,theDNS64willsyntheticallycreateonebasedonanetworkdefinedPref64Thepref64isaprefixhostedontheNAT64fortranslationExamplewithoutDNS64Query=aandaaaaforwww.
example.
comAnswer=a=10.
1.
1.
1,aaaa=NOERRORExamplewithDNS64Query=aandaaaaforwww.
example.
comAnswer=a=10.
1.
1.
1ANDaaaa=2001:db8::10.
1.
1.
117HowisthePref64discoveredontheclientPref64istopologicallylocatedontheNAT64TheDNS64forcesclientstosendtraffictotheNAT64fortranslationfromIPv6toIPv4AutomaticdiscoveryofPref64isdefinedinRFC7050Theclientwilllookupthewell-knownFQDNipv4only.
arpa.
IfaAAAArecordispresentedforthiswell-knowIPv4-onlyFQDN,theclientcanparsetheresponsetofindthePref64usedwithinthisnetwork18Pref64ConfigurationInformationFlow19HowtomakeEVERYTHINGworkonIPv6-only20ZoomOut:Whatdoesthislooklikeinthecontextof3GPPGSM/UMTS/LTE21HighLevelViewofIPv6deployment:Phone,HLRprofile,GGSN,NAT64,IPv6ISP2223ImpacttoNetworkEntitiesImpacttoNetworkEntitiesZoomin:WhatdoesthedefaultAndroidconfigurationlooklike:clatd.
conf24Zoomin:Whatdoesthephoneconfigurationlooklike:APNSettings25InAndroid4.
3,"APNProtocolIPv6"forthe"APNTypedefault"triggerstheuseof464XLATbydefaultIPv6=464XLATTIMEFORWIRESHARK26Likemostthings,westartwithDNSTheclientisIPv6-onlytowardsthenetwork,butthehostOSthinksitisdual-stacksinceithasanIPv4CLATinterfaceandanativeIPv6radiointerfaceSo,theclientdoesaqueryforDNS"A"and"AAAA"recordsTheDNS64respondswithasynthesizedAAAAandtherealAThesynthesizedAAAA=Pref64+realIPv427QuickCheckDoesthesynthesizedAAAAmatchthepref64+realA28pref64RealIPv4Next,theUEselectstheIPv6DNSresponse,andstartsTCPFromtheclientperspective,thisisanativeIPv6end-to-endflowBut,weknowthattheDNSisasynthesizedAAAAandtheclientisactuallysendingitspacketstotheNAT64forIPv6->IPv4statefultranslationThisisjustDNS64/NAT64,noclient-sidetranslationneededforthisscenario29Thefullcaseof464XLATdoubletranslation:WhatsApp30SYNissentfromtheCLATaddress31Remember,wesettheclatd.
conftousetheIIDof::464forCLATtranslationsTheMMSsituationTheAndroidMMSfunctioncommunicatesdirectlytothemodemandby-passesthenormalOSnetworkingstackFrequentlyMMSisitsownAPNThismeans464XLATisbypassed,464XLATonlyworksonthedefaultAPN,notspecialAPNslikeSUPLandMMSSolutionsUseanFQDN,DNS64stillworksfineIfyoucannotuseanFQDN,manuallyuseaNAT64literalinsteadoftheIPv4literal(pref64+ipv4literal)32Security:FollowtheruleofleastprivilegeFilteraccesstotheDNSseverFilteraccesstothePref64ontheNAT64UsingULAPref64willNOTworkwellsinceAndroidprefersIPv4overIPv6ULA.
Thisresultsin100%CLATtranslationsforIPv4resources33SummaryIPv4doesnotfitthebusinessneedstogrowtheedgeofournetworksfueledbygrowthfrominternetofthingsandcloudIPv6workstodayandisdeployedonsomeofthelargestedgenetworks464XLATallowsnetworkstogrowwithoutmanypublicIPv4addressesIPv6deploymentin3GPPGSM/UMTS/LTEisachievabletoday34BigPicture:WemustavoidtheInternet'slargestgrowthengine(mobile)frombeingindefinitelytiedtoscarceIPv4andfragilestatefulNAT44.
Byrne@T-Mobile.
comAPRICOT2014BackgroundT-MobileUSisaGSM/UMTS/LTEproviderintheUSAwith45+MillionsubscribersIn2008,T-MobilelaunchedthefirstAndroidphone.
Thisdramaticallychangedthemobiledatadynamics–moredevices,connectedforalongertime,allneedingIPaddressesT-MobileembracedtheconceptofIPv6-only,sincedual-stackrequiredIPv4thatwasnotavailableNAT64/DNS64wasagoodsolutionthatdidnotrequireIPv4oneachclient,butsomeapplicationsfailedtoworkonIPv6-onlynetworks.
ItisnotacceptabletobreakSkypeorNetflix,applicationsthatrequireIPv4T-Mobile,inpartnershipwithNECandJPIX,documented464XLATintheIETFasRFC6877toovercomethelimitationsofNAT64byaddingaNAT46intotheclient(CLAT)Android4.
3introducedsupportfor464XLATinOctober20132ResultsAreImportantT-MobileUSlaunched5Androidphoneswith464XLATasthedefaultinthelast5months,allAndroid4.
3+phoneswillbe464XLATinthefutureatT-MobileUS3.
6millionuniqueIPv6subscribersinthefirst5monthsareactiveonthenetworkhttp://www.
worldipv6launch.
org/measurements/measurementsshow15.
76%ofallT-MobileconnectionsarenowIPv6,asofFebruary21,2014Over50%ofIPv6-usertrafficisend-to-endIPv6(notranslationneeded)Thissavesmoneyandmakesthenetworksimpler315.
76ofT-MobileUSConnectionsuse464XLAT4Default464XLATPhonesatT-MobileUS5SamsungNote3Google/LGNexus5SamsungMega464XLATPhones6SonyZ1sGalaxyLight464XLATallowsforfullfunctionalityonIPv6-onlynetworksDual-stackdoesnotsolvetheIPv4numberscarcityissueIPv6-only+NAT64/DNS64isverygood,butnotgoodenoughforfullIPv4replacement(webandemailwork,butSkypedoesnotwork)IPv6-only+464XLATSolvesIPv4numberingissuebynotassigningIPv4toclientsDecouplesedgegrowthfromIPv4availabilityIPv4-onlyapplicationslikeSkypeworkonanIPv6-onlynetworkbecause464XLATtranslatesIPv4onthephonetoIPv6onthenetwork7IPv6deploymentiseasyachievableT-MobileUSAdidnotspendanyCapExonIPv6Onlyintroduce464XLATonnewphones,sowedonotdisruptanyexistingservicesInnovativethinkinghelpsreducedeploymentcosts(hash128bitnumbersinto32bitfieldsinbillingrecords)IPv6willsavemoneyinyournetwork(lessNAT/CGN,noneedtobuyIPv4addresses,…)8Infact,withroaming,wecanshowChunghwainTaiwanandMYMAXISinMalaysiasupportIPv6todayintheRadioAccessNetwork(RAN)9WhichPlatformsSupports464XLATTodayYESAndroid4.
3+NOBlackberryAppleWindowsPhone()10IMPORTANT!
AnythingthatisnativelyIPv6enableddoesnotrequireanysortoftranslation,464XLATisidleandtransparentforanyIPv6end-to-endflowIPv6end-to-endjustworks!
464XLATisonlyforserviceandapplicationsthatareusingLEGACYIPV4AsmoreandmoreservicestransitiontoIPv6,464XLATisengagedlessandless464XLATisanIPv4EXITSTRATEGY11THETECHNICALDETAILS12464XLATisjustasetofbuildingblocksStatelessNAT64(RFC6145)ClientsidetranslationCLATStatefullNAT64(RFC6146)ProvidersitetranslationPLATDNS64(RFC6147)WhentheFQDNdoesnothaveaAAAArecord,DNS64dynamicallycreatesonethatallowstheclienttouseIPv6andthenetworktranslatesfromIPv6toIPv4attheNAT64Prefix64Discovery(RFC7050)Queriesforthewell-knownFQDNipv4only.
arpa,whichisbydefinitionIPv4-only.
IfthereisaAAAAresponseprovided,thenitisknownthataDNS64isinthepath133Scenariosin464XLAT1.
End-to-endIPv6:Facebook,Google,Wikipedia,Yahoo,Youtube…IPv6->IPv62.
ApplicationsupportsIPv6(webbrowser)buttheserverisonlyIPv4(www.
amazon.
com,www.
myspace.
com,…),soDNS64/NAT64translatesIPv6->IPv43.
ApplicationdoesnotsupportIPv6(Skype,Whatsapp,…),theclientmustprovideastatelessNAT46totheapplicationandstatefulNAT64mustbeinthenetwork:IPv4->IPv6->IPv414HowdoesStatelessNAT64workAlgorithmicallymapIPv4addressestoIPv6addresses,bidirectional,1to1NotdynamicDeterministicMapsallofIPv4's32bitsintoanIPv6/96(orlargerprefix)DefinedinRFC6145Example2001:db8::10.
1.
1.
110.
1.
1.
12001:db8::10.
2.
2.
210.
2.
2.
22001:db8::www.
example.
comipv4www.
example.
com15HowdoesStatefulNAT64work16DynamicallytranslateIPv6packetstoIPv4packetsDynamicNotdeterministic(translationbasedonavailableIPv4pool)Translationstateisshort-livedandbasedonsessioncreationandterminationDefinedinRFC6146ExampleBeforetranslationTCPsource2001:db8:abcd::ffffport555#clientaddressTCPdestination2001:db8:1234::10.
1.
1.
1port80#NAT64addressAftertranslationTCPsource192.
168.
1.
1port555#192.
168.
1.
1availablefromNAT64poolTCPdestination10.
1.
1.
1port80#Last32bitsofIPv6destinationHowdoesDNS64workWhenanFQDNdoesnothaveaAAAArecord,theDNS64willsyntheticallycreateonebasedonanetworkdefinedPref64Thepref64isaprefixhostedontheNAT64fortranslationExamplewithoutDNS64Query=aandaaaaforwww.
example.
comAnswer=a=10.
1.
1.
1,aaaa=NOERRORExamplewithDNS64Query=aandaaaaforwww.
example.
comAnswer=a=10.
1.
1.
1ANDaaaa=2001:db8::10.
1.
1.
117HowisthePref64discoveredontheclientPref64istopologicallylocatedontheNAT64TheDNS64forcesclientstosendtraffictotheNAT64fortranslationfromIPv6toIPv4AutomaticdiscoveryofPref64isdefinedinRFC7050Theclientwilllookupthewell-knownFQDNipv4only.
arpa.
IfaAAAArecordispresentedforthiswell-knowIPv4-onlyFQDN,theclientcanparsetheresponsetofindthePref64usedwithinthisnetwork18Pref64ConfigurationInformationFlow19HowtomakeEVERYTHINGworkonIPv6-only20ZoomOut:Whatdoesthislooklikeinthecontextof3GPPGSM/UMTS/LTE21HighLevelViewofIPv6deployment:Phone,HLRprofile,GGSN,NAT64,IPv6ISP2223ImpacttoNetworkEntitiesImpacttoNetworkEntitiesZoomin:WhatdoesthedefaultAndroidconfigurationlooklike:clatd.
conf24Zoomin:Whatdoesthephoneconfigurationlooklike:APNSettings25InAndroid4.
3,"APNProtocolIPv6"forthe"APNTypedefault"triggerstheuseof464XLATbydefaultIPv6=464XLATTIMEFORWIRESHARK26Likemostthings,westartwithDNSTheclientisIPv6-onlytowardsthenetwork,butthehostOSthinksitisdual-stacksinceithasanIPv4CLATinterfaceandanativeIPv6radiointerfaceSo,theclientdoesaqueryforDNS"A"and"AAAA"recordsTheDNS64respondswithasynthesizedAAAAandtherealAThesynthesizedAAAA=Pref64+realIPv427QuickCheckDoesthesynthesizedAAAAmatchthepref64+realA28pref64RealIPv4Next,theUEselectstheIPv6DNSresponse,andstartsTCPFromtheclientperspective,thisisanativeIPv6end-to-endflowBut,weknowthattheDNSisasynthesizedAAAAandtheclientisactuallysendingitspacketstotheNAT64forIPv6->IPv4statefultranslationThisisjustDNS64/NAT64,noclient-sidetranslationneededforthisscenario29Thefullcaseof464XLATdoubletranslation:WhatsApp30SYNissentfromtheCLATaddress31Remember,wesettheclatd.
conftousetheIIDof::464forCLATtranslationsTheMMSsituationTheAndroidMMSfunctioncommunicatesdirectlytothemodemandby-passesthenormalOSnetworkingstackFrequentlyMMSisitsownAPNThismeans464XLATisbypassed,464XLATonlyworksonthedefaultAPN,notspecialAPNslikeSUPLandMMSSolutionsUseanFQDN,DNS64stillworksfineIfyoucannotuseanFQDN,manuallyuseaNAT64literalinsteadoftheIPv4literal(pref64+ipv4literal)32Security:FollowtheruleofleastprivilegeFilteraccesstotheDNSseverFilteraccesstothePref64ontheNAT64UsingULAPref64willNOTworkwellsinceAndroidprefersIPv4overIPv6ULA.
Thisresultsin100%CLATtranslationsforIPv4resources33SummaryIPv4doesnotfitthebusinessneedstogrowtheedgeofournetworksfueledbygrowthfrominternetofthingsandcloudIPv6workstodayandisdeployedonsomeofthelargestedgenetworks464XLATallowsnetworkstogrowwithoutmanypublicIPv4addressesIPv6deploymentin3GPPGSM/UMTS/LTEisachievabletoday34BigPicture:WemustavoidtheInternet'slargestgrowthengine(mobile)frombeingindefinitelytiedtoscarceIPv4andfragilestatefulNAT44.
- disrupt免费dns相关文档
- IP免费dns
- features免费dns
- 支持免费dns
- Users免费dns
- 域名免费dns
- drop免费dns
俄罗斯vps主机推荐，怎么样俄罗斯vps俄罗斯vps速度怎么样？
俄罗斯vps速度怎么样?俄罗斯vps云主机节点是欧洲十大节点之一，地处俄罗斯首都莫斯科，网络带宽辐射周边欧洲大陆，10G专线连通德国法兰克福、法国巴黎、意大利米兰等，向外连接全球。俄罗斯vps云主机速度快吗、延迟多少?由于俄罗斯数据中心出口带宽充足，俄罗斯vps云主机到全球各地的延迟、速度相对来说都不错。今天，云服务器网(yuntue.com)小编介绍一下俄罗斯vps速度及俄罗斯vps主机推荐!俄...
妮妮云(30元),美国300G防御 2核4G 107.6元,美国高速建站 2核2G
妮妮云的来历妮妮云是 789 陈总 张总 三方共同投资建立的网站 本着“良心 便宜 稳定”的初衷 为小白用户避免被坑妮妮云的市场定位妮妮云主要代理市场稳定速度的云服务器产品，避免新手购买云服务器的时候众多商家不知道如何选择，妮妮云就帮你选择好了产品，无需承担购买风险，不用担心出现被跑路 被诈骗的情况。妮妮云的售后保证妮妮云退款 通过于合作商的友好协商，云服务器提供2天内全额退款，超过2天不退款 物...
JUSTG提供俄罗斯和南非CN2 GIA主机年$49.99美元JUSTGgia南非cn2南非CN2justG
JUSTG，这个主机商第二个接触到，之前是有介绍到有提供俄罗斯CN2 GIA VPS主机活动的，商家成立时间不久看信息是2020年，公司隶属于一家叫AFRICA CLOUD LIMITED的公司，提供的产品为基于KVM架构VPS主机，数据中心在非洲（南非）、俄罗斯（莫斯科），国内访问双向CN2，线路质量不错。有很多服务商实际上都是国人背景的，有的用英文、繁体搭建的冒充老外，这个服务商不清楚是不是真...
免费dns为你推荐
-
深圳市福田区国民经济和社会发展现有新的ios更新可用请从ios14be苹果x更新系统14不能玩王者荣耀了有没有一样的？flashfxp用Flashfxp上传网站的具体步骤中国企业在线用什么软件查找中国所有企业名称outlookexpress家里电脑老是弹出“outlook express”这个东西，怎么除去啊？支付宝调整还款日支付宝调整花呗还款日，这个调整有没有对你造成什么影响？字节跳动回应TikTok易主每天每夜要结束了主持人问关于抄袭的问题，权志龙很认真的回答不想说的，想在以后做好的那段话的音乐叫什温州商标注册温州注册公司在哪里注册网站后台密码破解网站后台管理密码忘记了怎么破解啊高手进来.骑士人才系统问一下嘉缘人才系统和骑士人才系统相比，哪个系统会好点呢？