ResearchFindingsofFluency,MethodologyandAdult-OrientedMaterialsFluency"Fluencyistheabilitytoreadrapidlyandaccurately,withappropriaterhythm,intonation,andexpression.
Fluencyincludestheabilitytodecoderapidly,groupingwordsintomeaningfulunitsforinterpretation.
Fluencyalsoincludespronunciation,determinationofemphasis,andappropriatepausestomakesenseoftext.
Fluencyisameansreadersusetocomprehend.
"(EquippedfortheFutureReadingProject–DraftCopy)DatafromResearch-BasedPrinciplesforAdultBasicEducationReadingInstructionconcludesthat"theabilitytofigureouthowtoreadindividualwordsisnotsufficient.
Readersmustalsobeabletorapidlyrecognizestringsofwordsastheyreadphrases,sentencesandlongertext.
Fluentreadingiscrucialtoadequatecomprehension.
"(Kruidenier,2002)TheWisconsinLiteracyEducationandReadingNetworkSource(2003)reportsthat"readingfluencyisnecessaryforgoodcomprehension.
Whenareaderisstrugglingtodecodewords,littlementalenergyisleftforcomprehension.
"Poorreadersusetimeandresourcestodecodewords,whichhinderscomprehension.
Afluentreaderhasautomaticwordrecognition,isabletofigureoutunknownwordsquickly,andreadswithappropriatephrasingandexpression.
MethodologyA.
GuidedRepeatedOralReading(repeatedreadingandguidedreading)"EmergingprinciplesintheABEresearchindicatethatfluencycanbetaughttoadultswhoqualifyforABEprograms,thatteachingfluencyleadstoincreasesinreadingachievement,andthatonespecifictechniquecanbeusedtohelpadultsdeveloptheirreadingfluency.
Thistechnique,repeatedreadingofatext,isalsosupportedbyamuchlargerbodyofresearchwithchildren.
"(Kruidenier,2002,p.
8)"ToimproveABEreaders'fluency(aswellaswordrecognitionandreadingcomprehensionachievement);userepeatedguidedoralreadingprocedures.
"TheNRP(NationalReadingPanel)reviewofresearchattheK-12levelfoundthat"proceduresthathavestudentsreadingpassagesorallymultipletimeswhilereceivingguidanceorfeedbackfrompeers,parents,orteachersareeffectiveinimprovingavarietyofreadingskills"(p.
3-20).
Theserepeatedreadingproceduresaccompaniedbyguidancefromothersleadtoincreasesinreadingfluencyaswellasincreasedwordrecognitionandreadingcomprehensionachievement(p.
3-18).
"(Kruidenier,2002,p.
9)B.
Motivation1.
GraphingWewillbedesigningagraphtobeusedaspartofthecurriculumthatwillallowstudentstotracktheirownprogress.
Theywillgraphthenumberofwordsreadcorrectlyinaone-minutetimingpriortorepeatedreadingpractice,andthenagainafterasubstantialamountofrepeatedreadingpractice.
Thisgraphingtoolwillprovideimmediate,visualfeedbacktostudentsshowinghowimportantandproductivepracticeis.
2.
Confidence"Whenlookingattheimmediateeffectsoffluencyinstructiononstudents'abilitytoreadpassagesthatwereusedduringinstruction,theNRP(NationalReadingPanel)reviewfoundthatreadingimprovesfromthefirstpassagereadtothefinalpassageread.
Fluencyinstructionimmediatelyimprovesthereadingrate,accuracy,andcomprehensionofpassagesread(pp.
3-15–3-16).
Assumingthattransfertootherpassagesthatarenotapartofinstructionwilloccurafterfluencypracticeofsomelengthoftime,theimmediatebenefitstoadultsmaybemotivational.
Adultreadersshouldseeimprovementintheirreadingfairlyquickly,atleastoverthepassagesthattheyarepracticing.
"(Kruidenier,2002,p.
10)BasedonmyexperiencewiththeReadNaturallyprogram,theimmediatebenefitsarerealandverymotivationalforadultstudents!
Students'increasedlevelsofself-confidencearevisiblyapparent.
C.
Writing"Combiningreadingandwritingleadstohigherlevelsofthinkingthandoesaddressingeitherskillindependently".
(McGinleyandTierney,1989citedin"ImportantResearchFindingsoftheOhioLiteracyInitiative")*See"Materials"formorereferencetowriting.
Materials"Animportanttrendfromthe(ABE)instructionresearch,supportedbyresearchwithchildren,isthatcontextsthataremoreinterestingorengaging,suchasworkplaceorfamilycontextsforadults,maybeespeciallyusefulforvocabularyinstruction.
"(Kruidenier,2002,p.
8)"TheABEreadingcomprehensionresearchfoundthatuseofadult-orientedcontentmaterialsisaneffectivewaytohelpimprovecomprehension.
"(Kruidenier,2002,p.
8)Accordingto"Q&A:Planning,ImplementingandEvaluatingWorkplaceESL"fromtheProjectinAdultImmigrantEducation(PAIE)andtheNationalCenterforESLLiteracy(NCLE),thelearner-centeredstrategiesthataremosteffectiveinworkplaceESLprogramsare:Usingauthenticlanguage.
Placingthelearninginworkplaceandotheradultcontextsrelevanttothelivesoflearners,theirfamiliesandfriends.
Adoptingawholelanguageorientation–integratinglistening,speaking,reading,andwriting–toreflectnaturallanguageuse.
Choosingactivitiesthathelplearnerstransferwhattheylearnintheclassroomtotheworldsinwhichtheylive.
Integratingnewculturalskillswithnewlinguisticskills.
"Ohio'sModelCompetency-BasedLanguageArtsCurriculum"frameworksuggeststhatallstudentswhoarehavingreadingdifficultiesneedto:Writetheirreactionstothematerialtheyhaveread.
Listentoaccomplishedreadersastheyreadyqualitystories,articles,andothermaterials.
Listeninghelpsstudentsinternalizetherhythm,flow,structure,andvocabularyoftheEnglishlanguage.
Engageindiscussionsaboutwhattheyarereading,hearingandwriting.
"Studentswhoparticipateinclassesthatincludeauthentic,orlearner-contextualized,materialsandactivitiesaremorelikelytosaytheyhadstartednewliteracypracticesorhadincreasedtheamountoftimespentengaginginliteracyactivitiesoutsideofschool.
Bringingthelives,needs,andinterestsofthestudentsintotheclassroomisanintegralpartofbestpractice.
"LiteracyPracticesofAdultLearnersStudy(LPALS)Afterreviewinganumberofresearchstudiesrelatedtoreadingfluencyandcomprehension,itappearsthatlittledataisavailablethatspecificallyfocusesonadultlearnersandfluency.
OneofthemostcomprehensivereportsIfoundwasKruidenier'sResearchBasedPrinciplesforAdultBasicEducation,publishedinSeptember2002.
Ihighlyrecommendreadingitat:http://novel.
nifl.
gov/partnershipforreading/publications/html/adult_ed/adult_ed_6.
html.
Itprovidesstrongsupportfortheeffectivesofafluencytoolsuchastheonewearedevelopingforadultlearners.
近日CloudCone发布了七月的特价便宜优惠VPS云服务器产品,KVM虚拟架构,性价比最高的为2核心1.5G内存1Gbps带宽5TB月流量,2.89美元/月,稳定性还是非常不错的,有需要国外便宜VPS云服务器的朋友可以关注一下。CloudCone怎么样?CloudCone服务器好不好?CloudCone值不值得购买?CloudCone是一家成立于2017年的美国服务器提供商,国外实力大厂,自己开...
收到好多消息,让我聊一下阿里云国际版本,作为一个阿里云死忠粉,之前用的服务器都是阿里云国内版的VPS主机,对于现在火热的阿里云国际版,这段时间了解了下,觉得还是有很多部分可以聊的,毕竟,实名制的服务器规则导致国际版无需实名这一特点被无限放大。以前也写过几篇综合性的阿里云国际版vps的分析,其中有一点得到很多人的认同,那句是阿里云不管国内版还是国际版的IO读写速度实在不敢恭维,相对意义上的,如果在这...
PacificRack在本月发布了几款特价产品,其中最低款支持月付仅1.5美元,基于KVM架构,洛杉矶机房,PR-M系列。PacificRack简称PR,QN机房旗下站点,主要提供低价VPS主机产品,基于KVM架构,数据中心为自营洛杉矶机房,现在只有PR-M一个系列,分为了2个类别:常规(Elastic Compute Service)和多IP产品(Multi IP Server)。下面列出几款秒...
caoadult.com为你推荐
国家网络安全部国家网络安全vc组合洛天依的组合都有谁李子柒年入1.6亿将55g铁片放入硫酸铜溶液中片刻,取出洗净,干燥后,称重为56.6g,问生成铜多少g??求解题步骤及答案比肩工场比肩是什么意思,行比肩大运的主要意象lunwenjiancepaperrater论文检测准确吗巫正刚想在淘宝开一个类似于耐克、阿迪之类的店、需要多少钱、如何能够代理www.622hh.comwww.710av.com怎么不可以看了同一服务器网站一个服务器能运行多少个网站广告法有那些广告法?还有广告那些广告词?www.idanmu.com腾讯有qqsk.zik.mu这个网站吗?
广东服务器租用 香港服务器租用99idc 网站域名备案查询 河南vps 新加坡主机 hkbn 加勒比群岛 美国主机推荐 typecho 好看的桌面背景图 web服务器架设软件 湖南服务器托管 华为网络硬盘 腾讯云分析 大容量存储器 idc是什么 国外视频网站有哪些 英国伦敦 smtp服务器地址 中国电信测速网站 更多