APIjava

PartVIAppendices349appendixAtcpportstatesThecurrentstateofatcpportcanbedisplayedwiththenetstat-a[n]command.
Thisveryusefulcommandobservestheexistenceandstateoftcpandudpports,andcanbeusedtowatchthebehaviourofclientsandserversfromtheoutside.
Thevariousstatesofatcpportaredefinedinrfc793.
TableA.
1showsthename,rfc793definition,andJavameaningofeachportstate.
Theportstatesarelistedintheorderinwhichtheynormallyoccuroverthelifetimeofaport.
TableA.
1tcpportstatesNamerfc793definitionMeaninginJavalistenRepresentswaitingforaconnectionrequestfromanyremotetcpandport.
CorrespondstoaboundServerSocket.
asyn-sentRepresentswaitingforamatchingconnectionrequestafterhavingsentaconnectionrequest.
CorrespondstoaclientSocketwhichhasimplicitlyorexplicitlyexecutedSocket.
connectbutwhoseisConnectedstateisstillfalse.
Ifthematchingconnectionrequestisreceivedfromtheserver,thesocket'sisConnectedstatebecomestrueandtheportstatechangestoestablished;otherwisetheclient'sconnectionrequesteventuallyfails.
350FundamentalNetworkinginJavasyn-receivedRepresentswaitingforaconfirmingconnectionrequestacknowledgmentafterhavingbothreceivedandsentaconnectionrequest.
CorrespondstoanincomingconnectionbeingconstructedonaServerSocket'sbacklogqueue.
Oncethedesiredacknowledgementhasbeenreceivedfromtheclient,acorrespondingserver-sideSocketcanbeconstructedandreturnedbyafutureServerSocket.
accept.
bestablishedRepresentsanopenconnection,datareceivedcanbedeliveredtotheuser.
Thenormalstateforthedatatransferphaseoftheconnection.
CorrespondstoaconnectedSocketinaclientorserver.
Inthisstate,theSocket'sisConnectedandisOpenstatesaretrue,anditsisOutputShutdownstateisfalse.
fin-wait-1Representswaitingforaconnectionterminationrequestfromtheremotetcp,oranacknowledgmentoftheconnectionterminationrequestpreviouslysent.
CorrespondstoaSocketwhichhasbeenclosedcbythelocalapplication,buttheclosehasnotbeenacknowledgedbytheremotetcp.
bfin-wait-2Representswaitingforaconnectionterminationrequestfromtheremotetcp.
CorrespondstoaSocketwhichhasbeenclosedcbythelocalapplication;theclosehasbeenacknowledgedbytheremotetcp;buttheremoteapplicationhasnotyetissuedaclose.
Thisstatepersistsaslongastheremoteapplicationchoosestokeepitsendofthesocketopen.
close-waitRepresentswaitingforaconnectionterminationrequestfromthelocaluser.
CorrespondstoaSocketwhichhasbeenclosedcbytheremoteapplicationbutnotbythelocalapplication.
Thisstatecorrespondstofin-wait-1orfin-wait-2attheotherend;itpersistsaslongasthelocalapplicationchoosestokeepthesocketopen.
closingRepresentswaitingforaconnectionterminationrequestacknowledgmentfromtheremotetcp.
CorrespondstoaSocketwhichhasbeenclosedcbyboththelocalapplicationandtheremoteapplication(simultaneousclose)butthelocalclosehasnotyetacknowledgedbytheremotetcp.
bTableA.
1tcpportstates(continued)Namerfc793definitionMeaninginJavatcpportstates351last-ackRepresentswaitingforanacknowledgmentoftheconnectionterminationrequestpreviouslysenttotheremotetcp(whichincludesanacknowledgmentofitsconnectionterminationrequest).
CorrespondstoaSocketwhichhasbeenclosedcbyboththelocalapplicationandtheremoteapplication(simultaneousclose);theremoteclosehasbeenacknowledgedbythelocaltcp,butthelocalclosehasnotyetacknowledgedbytheremotetcp.
btime-waitRepresentswaitingforenoughtimetopasstobesuretheremotetcpreceivedtheacknowledgmentofitsconnectionterminationrequest.
CorrespondstoaSocketwhichhasbeenclosedcbyboththelocalandremoteapplicationsandallacknowledgementsexchanged;theportpersistsforafewminutesatbothendssothatanyfurtherdelayedpacketsfortheconnectioncanexpire.
closedRepresentsnoconnectionstateatall.
Thisstateisimaginary.
Itcorrespondstotheportbeingnon-existent,andsoisneverdisplayed.
Itisusedasthestartingandendingpointofstatediagramsandstatemachines.
a.
InMicrosoftWindowsversionsbeforeWindowsServer2003,foreveryestablishedclientportthenetstatcommandincorrectlyreportsanadditionalnon-existentlistenportwiththesameportnumber.
Seehttp://support.
microsoft.
com/default.
aspxscid=kb;en-us;331078.
b.
Thisstateistransientandshort-lived,dependingmainlyonnetworkdelay.
c.
Intcpportstates,andthroughoutthistable,'closed'meansthateitherSocket.
closeorSocket.
shutdownOutputhasbeencalled:i.
e.
theSocket'sisClosedorisOutputShutdownstateistrue.
Ifasocketwhichhasbeenshutdownforoutputiskeptopenforlongenoughaftertheshut-downandaftertheotherendclosesitsendoftheconnection,thecorrespondinglocalportwilleventuallyreachtheclosedstateanddisappearfromthenetstat-aoutput,eventhoughthelocalsocketisstillopen.
TableA.
1tcpportstates(continued)Namerfc793definitionMeaninginJava353appendixBPlatformdependenciesAresearchreportintoimplementationsoftcp/iphasappearedwhichenumer-atesverypreciselysomeofthevariationsbetweenFreeBSD,WindowsXP,andLinux.
Thereportshowsthatitispossibletoderiveaformalspecificationfortheactualbehaviouroftcp/ipinhigher-orderlogic(HOL),1anditcontainssuchaspecificationcoveringtcp/iponthesethreeplatformsonly,andapparentlywithoutexaminingthebehaviouratthepeerwhencertainconditionsarisewithinaplatform,someofwhichhavealreadybeendescribedinthepresentbookandaresummarizedinTableB.
1below.
Evenwithintheseconstraints,theresearchersfound'around260'differencesbetweentheseplatforms.
Thisisratherastartlingnumberofplatformdependencies.
Fortunatelymostofthemdon'taffectnetworkprogramminginJava,eitherbecausetheyconcerninternalsorbecausetheyareapiissuesthateitherdon'tarisebydesigninJava2orhavebeenengineeredawayinthejdkimplementation.
TableB.
1summarisestheplatformdifferencesthatcanbeencounteredbyaJavaprogramusingtheJavaclassesdescribedinthisbook.
31.
Bishopetal,Rigorousspecificationandconformancetestingtechniquesfornetworkprotocols,asappliedtotcp,udp,andSockets,UniversityofCambridgeComputerLaboratory&nicta,Canberra,2005,http://www.
cl.
cam.
ac.
uk/uers/pes20/Netsem/index.
html2.
ThemostinterestingapiissueisthatinFreeBSDyoucanshutdowndatagramsocketsandlisteningsockets,withconsequenceswhichareentirelyplausibleineachcase.
Anothercuriosityexposedbythispaperisthat,inbothbsdSocketsandwinsock,youcancalllisten()againonalisteningsockettoalterthebacklogvalue:thisisnotreflectedintheJavaapi.
3.
Allnumbersquotedinthistableareeitherfromthepapercitedaboveorthepresentbookpassim,inwhichcasetheultimatesourceisW.
R.
Stevens,eithertcp/ipIllustratedorUnixNetworkProgramming.
AllnumbersforLinuxinthistableapplytoversion2.
4.
20.
8.
354FundamentalNetworkinginJavaTableB.
1PlatformdependenciesaffectingJavatcp/ipClass.
methodIssueCommentsDatagramSocket.
sendMaximumsizeofadatagram:65507intheudpprotocolrfc;boundedbythesocketsendbuffersizeLinux:9216bytes.
aServerSocket.
bindLengthofdefaultbacklogqueue;adjustmenttoapplication-suppliedvalueOriginally5;seemstobeatleast50onmostcurrentplatforms;variesbetweenworkstationandserverversionsofWindows.
Socket.
closeandSocketChannel.
closeaftercallingSocket.
setSoLingerIftimeoutissetandexpires,whetherunsentdataisstillsentortheconnectionisresetUnix-basedplatformsleaveunsentdataqueuedfortransmission;Windowsresetstheconnection.
OnLinux,ifapositivelingertimeoutisset,SocketChannel.
closeblocksevenifthechannelisnon-blocking.
Socket.
connectBehaviourifthetargetbacklogqueueisfullUnix-basedplatformsignoretheconnectrequest,sotheclienttimesoutandretrieswithinconnect.
Windows:issuesareset,soWindowsclientsthereforealsoretrywithinconnectonreceivingareset.
Thisisnottheintentoftherfc.
Socket.
getReceiveBufferSizeSocket.
getSendBufferSizeDefaultsizeofsocketbuffersOriginally2k.
Upto56konvariousUnix-basedplatforms:FreeBSD:send=32k,receive=56k.
Linux:send=16k,receive=43689bytes(!
).
Solaris52k.
Windows:8k.
aPlatformdependencies355Socket.
setKeepaliveWhethersupportedbytheplatform;keep-aliveintervalCanbedetectedbycheckingSocket.
getKeepaliveaftercallingsetKeepalive.
Keep-aliveintervalisnormally2hoursgloballyandifchangeablerequiresprivilegetochange.
Socket.
setReceiveBufferSizeSocket.
setSendBufferSizeAdjustmenttoapplication-suppliedvaluesWillbeadjustedtofittheplatform'smaximaandminima(seebelow),andmayberoundedupordowntosuittheplatform'sbuffer-sizegranularityaswell.
Socket.
setReceiveBufferSizeSocket.
setSendBufferSizeMaximumsizeofsocketbuffersFreeBSD:dependsonvariouskernelconstants.
Linux:131070bytes.
aWindows:131070bytes.
aSocket.
setReceiveBufferSizeSocket.
setSendBufferSizeMinimumsizeofsocketbuffersFreeBSD:1byte.
Linux:send=2048,receive=256bytes.
Windows:zero(!
).
Socket.
setSoLingerMaximumlingertimeoutvalue,nominallysecondsinJavaspecificationSomeplatformslimitittoseconds,byusinganinternal16-bitsignedquantityrepresentinghundredthsofasecond.
Socket.
shutdownInputWhetherSelectionKey.
OP_READisselectedforsuchasocketFreeBSD:yesLinux:yesWindows:no.
bTableB.
1PlatformdependenciesaffectingJavatcp/ip(continued)Class.
methodIssueComments2311–2151–()10032.
767=356FundamentalNetworkinginJavaSocket.
shutdownInputatreceiverallwrite,writeXXXmethodsatsenderBehaviourasseenbyremotesenderMostUnix-basedplatformsacceptandignorethedata,sothesender'swritesallsucceed.
Windowssendsanrst,sothesenderincursaSocketException'connectionresetbypeer'Linuxacceptsandbuffersthedatabutcannottransmitittothelocalapplication,sothesendereventuallygetsblockedinwrite,orisreturnedzerofromnon-blockingwrites.
Socket.
shutdownOutputWhetherSelectionKey.
OP_WRITEisselectedforsuchasocketFreeBSD:noLinux:noWindows:yes.
ba.
ThisistoosmallformodernEthernetsorhigh-latencylinkssuchasDSLorADSL.
Socketbuff-ersshouldbeatleastequaltothebandwidth-delayproductfortheinterveningnetwork:atleast16kona10MbLAN,morelike63kon100Mblansorlinkswithhighlatency,oramultipleof64kwhenwindow-scalingcanbeused.
b.
NotetheinconsistencyofallplatformsasbetweentheirbehaviourforshutdownInput/OP_READandshutdownOutput/OP_WRITE.
TableB.
1PlatformdependenciesaffectingJavatcp/ip(continued)Class.
methodIssueComments357appendixCReferencesBaker,F.
,rfc1812,RequirementsforipVersion4Routers,June1995.
Bishopetal.
,Rigorousspecificationandconformancetestingtechniquesfornetworkprotocols,asappliedtotcp,udp,andSockets,UniversityofCambridgeCompu-terLaboratory&NICTA,Canberra,2005.
Braden,R.
,rfc1122,RequirementsforInternetHostsCommunicationLayers,October1989.
BugParade,http://developer.
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com/developer/bugParadeChan,Lee,&Kramer,TheJavaClassLibraries,2ndEdition,AddisonWesley1998.
Comer,D.
E.
,andLin,J.
C.
,TCPBufferingandPerformanceoveranatmNetwork,TechnicalReportCSD-TR94-026,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,Indi-ana,ftp://gwen.
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Dierks&Allen,rfc2246,ThetlsProtocol,Version1.
0,January1999.
Finlayson,R.
,rfc2771,AnAbstractAPIforMulticastAddressAllocation,Febru-ary2000.
Frier,Karlton,&Kocher,Thessl3.
0Protocol,NetscapeCommunicationsCorp.
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Gammaetal.
,DesignPatterns:ElementsofReusableObject-OrientedSoftware,Add-ison-Wesley,1995.
Gunther,N.
ThePracticalPerformanceAnalyst,McGraw-Hill,1998.
Handley,M.
,etal.
,rfc2887,TheReliableMulticastDesignSpaceforBulkDataTransfer,August2000.
Hannaetal.
,rfc2730,madcapMulticastaddressdynamicclientallocationpro-tocol,December1999.
HardjonoandDondeti,MulticastandGroupSecurity,ArtechHouse,2003Hickman&Kipp,ThesslProtocol,NetscapeCommunicationsCorp.
,Feb9,1995.
Hindenetal.
,rfc2732FormatforLiteralIPv6AddressesinURLs,December1999.
358FundamentalNetworkinginJavaHinden,R.
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,rfc2373,IPVersion6AddressingArchitecture,July1998.
IEEE,Posix1003.
1StandardforInformationTechnologyPortableOperatingSystemInterface,BaseDefinitions,Issue6,December2001.
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Kabatetal.
,rfc2853,GenericSecurityServiceAPIVersion2:JavaBindings,June2000.
Lea,Doug,ConcurrentProgramminginJava,2ndedition,AddisonWesley2000.
Lea,Doug,ScalableI/OinJava,lectureslides,http://gee.
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Linn,J.
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Martine,R.
BasicTrafficAnalysis,Prentice-Hall,1993.
Meyer,D.
,rfc2365,AdministrativelyScopedIPMulticast,July1998.
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,&Parulkar,G.
M.
,ExperimentalEvaluationofSunOSPCandTCP/IPprotocolimplementation,IEEE/ACMTransactionsonNetworking,Vol.
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M.
&Chapin,A.
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,Opensystemsnetworking:OSI&TCP/IP,Addi-son-Wesley,1993.
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J.
&McNiff,K.
,java.
rmi:TheRemoteMethodInvocationGuide,Addison-Wesley,2001.
Postel,J.
,rfc768,UserDatagramProtocol,August1980.
Postel,J.
,rfc791,InternetProtocol,September1981.
Postel,J.
,rfc793,TransmissionControlProtocol,September1981.
Rescorla,Eric,sslandtls,AddisonWesley,2001.
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,rfc2644,ChangingtheDefaultforDirectedBroadcastsinRouters.
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,TCP/IPIllustratedVolumeI,Addison-Wesley,1994.
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,UnixNetworkProgramming,2ndedition,PrenticeHallptr,1998.
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,PracticalQueueingAnalysis,McGraw-Hill,1995.
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359JavaCross-IndexThisisacompletecross-indexofJavapackages,classes,andmembersmen-tionedinthetext.
First-levelentriesarepresentforclassesandmembers,asfol-lows:Aclassentryhassubentriesforitspackage,itsdirectdescendants(extendedbyorimplementedby),anditsmembers.
Theentryalsocross-referenceseachuseoftheclassbythisorotherindexedclasses,whereverpassedto,returnedby,orthrownbyamethod.
Javapackagesarenotindexed.
Amember(methodorfield)entryhassubentriesfortheclass(es)inwhichsuchamethodorfieldisdeclared.
Aaccept()injava.
net.
ServerSocket28,31,55injava.
nio.
channels.
ServerSocketChannel118addHandshakeCompletedListener(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket149AsynchronousCloseExceptioninjava.
iothrown78attach(),injava.
nio.
channels.
SelectionKey103attachment(),injava.
nio.
channels.
SelectionKey103autoClose,parametertojavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocketFactory.
createSocket146available(),injava.
io.
InputStream41Bbind()injava.
net.
DatagramSocket231injava.
net.
ServerSocket31BindExceptioninjava.
netthrown52,238Bufferinjava.
niomembers:capacity86clear86flip86hasRemaining86limit86position86remaining86reset86rewind86returnedby:java.
nio.
Buffer.
limit86java.
nio.
Buffer.
mark86java.
nio.
Buffer.
position86java.
nio.
Buffer.
reset86BUFFER_OVERFLOW,injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngineResult.
Status189BUFFER_UNDERFLOW,injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngineResult.
Status189360FundamentalNetworkinginJavaBufferedInputStreaminjava.
ioclass41–42BufferedOutputStreaminjava.
ioclass39,58,84–85,147ByteArrayOutputStreaminjava.
ioclass227–228ByteBufferinjava.
niopassedto:java.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel.
read262java.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel.
receive263java.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel.
send263java.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel.
write263java.
nio.
channels.
GatheringByteChannel.
write77java.
nio.
channels.
ReadableByteChannel.
read77java.
nio.
channels.
ScatteringByteChannel.
read77java.
nio.
channels.
WritableByteChannel.
write77javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngine.
unwrap187javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngine.
wrap187ByteChannelinjava.
nio.
channelsclass76–77Ccancel(),injava.
nio.
channels.
SelectionKey103capacity(),injava.
nio.
Buffer86Certificateinjava.
security.
certreturnedby:java.
net.
ssl.
HandshakeCompletedEvent.
getLocalCertificates149java.
net.
ssl.
HandshakeCompletedEvent.
getPeerCertificates150java.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession.
getLocalCertificates156java.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession.
getPeerCertificates156Channelinjava.
nio.
channelsclass76–77extendedby:java.
nio.
channels.
InterruptibleChannel78java.
nio.
channels.
ReadableChannel77java.
nio.
channels.
SelectableChannel101members:close76isOpen76channel(),injava.
nio.
channels.
SelectionKey103Channelsinjava.
nio.
channelsmembers:newChannel79newInputStream79newOutputStream79clear(),injava.
nio.
Buffer86close()injava.
net.
DatagramSocket236injava.
net.
ServerSocket48injava.
net.
Socket47,63injava.
nio.
channels.
Channel76injava.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel262injava.
nio.
channels.
InterruptibleChannel78injava.
nio.
channels.
SocketChannel122CLOSED,injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngineResult.
Status189ClosedByInterruptExceptioninjava.
iothrown78closeInbound(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngine188closeOutbound(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngine188configureBlocking(),injava.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel264connect()injava.
net.
DatagramSocket232injava.
net.
Socket32injava.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel262ConnectExceptioninjava.
netthrown52injava.
rmithrown52createServerSocket()injava.
rmi.
server.
RMIServerSocketFactory50injava.
rmi.
server.
RMISocketFactory50injavax.
net.
ServerSocketFactory143createSocket()injava.
rmi.
server.
RMIClientSocketFactory50injava.
rmi.
server.
RMISocketFactory50injavax.
net.
SocketFactory143createSSLEngine(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLContext187DDatagramChannelinjava.
nio.
channelsclass100,261,263members:close262configureBlocking264connect262disconnect262isBlocking264isConnected262isOpen262open261read262receive263send263JavaCross-Index361write263returnedby:java.
io.
channels.
DatagramChannel.
open261DatagramPacketinjava.
netclass217,225–226members:getAddress228getData227getLength227getOffset227getPort228getSocketAddress228setAddress228setData227setLength227setOffset227setPort228setSocketAddress228DatagramSocketinjava.
net240class217,224,229,278,283members:bind231close236connect232getLocalPort229getReceiveBufferSize240getReuseAddress230getSendBufferSize241getSoTimeout240getTrafficClass243isBound231isClosed236isConnected232receive233send233–234setReceiveBufferSize240setReuseAddress230setSendBufferSize241setSoTimeout240setTrafficClass243DataInputinjava.
ioclass80members:readFully41DataInputStreaminjava.
ioclass41–42members:readChar41readDouble41readFloat41readFully41readInt41readLong41readShort41readUTF41DataOutputinjava.
ioclass80DataOutputStreaminjava.
ioclass39,227disconnect(),injava.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel262EEOFExceptioninjava.
iothrown43,46equals(),injava.
rmi.
server.
RMIClientSocketFactory51EventListenerinjava.
utilextendedby:javax.
net.
ssl.
HandshakeCompletedListener149Executorinjava.
util.
concurrentclass336Executorsinjava.
util.
concurrentclass336FFileChannelinjava.
nio.
channelsreturnedby:java.
io.
FileInputStream.
getChannel78java.
io.
FileOutputStream.
getChannel78java.
io.
RandomAccessFile.
getChannel78FileInputStreaminjava.
ioclass78members:getChannel78FileOutputStreaminjava.
ioclass78members:getChannel78FINISHED,injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngineResult.
HandshakeStatus189flip(),injava.
nio.
Buffer86GGatheringByteChannelinjava.
nio.
channelsclass76–77members:write77getAddress(),injava.
net.
DatagramPacket228getChannel()injava.
io.
FileInputStream78362FundamentalNetworkinginJavainjava.
io.
FileOutputStream78injava.
io.
RandomAccessFile78getCipherSuite()injavax.
net.
ssl.
HandshakeCompletedEvent149injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession156getClientSessionContext(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLContext166getCreationTime(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession156getData(),injava.
net.
DatagramPacket227getDefault()injavax.
net.
ServerSocketFactory143injavax.
net.
SocketFactory143injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLServerSocketFactory144injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocketFactory144getDefaultCipherSuites()injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLServerSocketFactory152injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocketFactory152getDefaultFactory(),injava.
rmi.
server.
RMISocketFactory50getEnabledCipherSuites()injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLServerSocket153injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket153getEnabledProtocols()injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLServerSocket154injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket154getEnableSessionCreation()injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLServerSocket155injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket155getHandshakeStatus()injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngine191injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngineResult189getID(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession156getInetAddress()injava.
net.
ServerSocket29–30injava.
net.
Socket33getInetAddresses(),injava.
net.
NetworkInterface13getInputStream(),injava.
net.
Socket41getInstance(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLContext166getInterface(),injava.
net.
MulticastSocket288getLastAccessedTime(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession156getLength(),injava.
net.
DatagramPacket227getLocalAddress(),injava.
net.
Socket34,37getLocalCertificates()injavax.
net.
ssl.
HandshakeCompletedEvent149injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession156getLocalPort()injava.
net.
DatagramSocket229injava.
net.
ServerSocket27injava.
net.
Socket28,34getLocalSocketAddress()injava.
net.
ServerSocket29injava.
net.
Socket37getLoopbackMode(),injava.
net.
MulticastSocket286getNeedClientAuth()injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLServerSocket152injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket152getNetworkInterface(),injava.
net.
MulticastSocket289getNetworkInterfaces(),injava.
net.
NetworkInterface13getOffset(),injava.
net.
DatagramPacket227getOOBInline(),injava.
net.
Socket65getOutputStream(),injava.
net.
Socket38getPeerCertificateChain()injavax.
net.
ssl.
HandshakeCompletedEvent150injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession156getPeerCertificates()injavax.
net.
ssl.
HandshakeCompletedEvent150injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession156getPeerHost(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession156getPeerPort(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession156getPeerPrincipal()injavax.
net.
ssl.
HandshakeCompletedEvent150injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession156getPort()injava.
net.
DatagramPacket228injava.
net.
Socket33getProtocol()injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLContext166injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession156getReceiveBufferSize()injava.
net.
DatagramSocket240injava.
net.
ServerSocket56injava.
net.
Socket35,56getReuseAddress()injava.
net.
DatagramSocket230injava.
net.
ServerSocket30injava.
net.
Socket36getSendBufferSize()injava.
net.
DatagramSocket241injava.
net.
Socket56getServerSessionContext(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLContext166getServerSocketFactory(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLContext166getSession(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
HandshakeCompletedEvent150getSessionContext(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLContext156,160getSocket(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
HandshakeCompletedEvent150getSocketAddress(),injava.
net.
DatagramPacket228getSocketFactory(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLContext166getSoLinger(),injava.
net.
Socket61getSoTimeout()injava.
net.
datagramSocket240injava.
net.
Socket54–55getSource(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
HandshakeCompletedEvent150getStatus(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngineResult189getSupportedCipherSuites()injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLServerSocket152–153JavaCross-Index363injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLServerSocketFactory152–153injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket152–153injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocketFactory152–153getSupportedProtocols()injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLServerSocket154injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket154getTcpNoDelay(),injava.
net.
Socket60getTimeToLive(),injava.
net.
MulticastSocket282getTrafficClass()injava.
net.
DatagramSocket243injava.
net.
Socket66getUseClientMode()injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLServerSocket151injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket151getValue(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession156–157getValueName(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession156–157getWantClientAuth()injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLServerSocket152injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket152HhandshakeCompleted(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
HandshakeCompletedListener149HandshakeCompletedEventinjavax.
net.
sslclass149members:getCipherSuite149getLocalCertificates149getPeerCertificateChain150getPeerCertificates150getSession150getSocket150getSource150passedto:javax.
net.
ssl.
HandshakeCompletedListener149HandshakeCompletedListenerinjavax.
net.
sslclass149–150members:handshakeCompleted149HandshakeStatusinjavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngineResultclass189–190members:FINISHED189NEED_TASK189NEED_UNWRAP189NEED_WRAP189NOT_HANDSHAKING189hasRemaining(),injava.
nio.
Buffer86IIllegalArgumentExceptioninjava.
langthrown52,238IllegalBlockingModeExceptioninjava.
nio.
channelsthrown52,80,238IndexOutOfBoundsExceptioninjava.
langthrown84–85Inet4Addressinjava.
netclass11Inet6Addressinjava.
netclass11members:isIpV4CompatibleAddress12InetAddressinjava.
netclass11,29,32members:getByAddress32getByName32isAnyLocalAddress12isLinkLocalAddress12isLoopback12isMCGlobal12isMCLinkLocal12isMCNodeLocal13isMCOrgLocal13isMCSiteLocal13isMulticastAddress13isSiteLocal13passedto:java.
net.
DatagramPacket.
DatagramPacket226java.
net.
DatagramPacket.
setAddress228java.
net.
DatagramSocket.
DatagramSocket229java.
net.
MulticastSocket.
joinGroup284java.
net.
MulticastSocket.
leaveGroup284java.
net.
MulticastSocket.
setInterface288java.
net.
ServerSocket.
ServerSocket27java.
net.
Socket.
Socket32javax.
net.
ServerSocketFactory.
createServerSocket143javax.
net.
SocketFactory.
createSocket143returnedby:java.
net.
DatagramPacket.
getAddress228java.
net.
MulticastSocket.
getInterface288java.
net.
Socket.
getInetAddress33InetSocketAddressinjava.
netclass11,31InputStreaminjava.
ioclass41members:364FundamentalNetworkinginJavaavailable41returnedby:java.
nio.
channels.
Channels.
newInputStream79interestOps(),injava.
nio.
channels.
SelectionKey101,103InterruptedIOExceptioninjava.
iothrown52,55,238InterruptibleChannelinjava.
nio.
channelsclass78members:close78IOExceptioninjava.
iothrown43,53,238thrownby:java.
net.
DatagramSocket.
DatagramSocket229java.
net.
MulticastSocket.
bind283java.
net.
MulticastSocket.
getInterface288java.
net.
MulticastSocket.
getNetworkInterface289java.
net.
MulticastSocket.
getTimeToLive282java.
net.
MulticastSocket.
MulticastSocket283java.
net.
MulticastSocket.
setInterface288java.
net.
MulticastSocket.
setNetworkInterface289java.
net.
ServerSocket.
accept37java.
net.
ServerSocket.
close48java.
net.
ServerSocket.
ServerSocket27java.
net.
Socket.
bind35java.
net.
Socket.
close47java.
net.
Socket.
connect36java.
net.
Socket.
getOOBInline65java.
net.
Socket.
sendUrgentData65java.
net.
Socket.
setOOBInline65java.
net.
Socket.
Socket32java.
nio.
channels.
Channel.
close76java.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel.
close262java.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel.
configureBlocking264java.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel.
connect262java.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel.
disconnect262java.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel.
open261java.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel.
read262java.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel.
receive263java.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel.
send263java.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel.
write263java.
nio.
channels.
DatagramSocket.
receive233java.
nio.
channels.
DatagramSocket.
send233java.
nio.
channels.
GatheringByteChannel.
write77java.
nio.
channels.
InterruptibleChannel.
close78java.
nio.
channels.
MulticastSocket.
send282java.
nio.
channels.
MulticastSocket.
setTimeToLive282java.
nio.
channels.
ReadableByteChannel.
read77java.
nio.
channels.
ScatteringByteChannel.
read77java.
nio.
channels.
ServerSocketChannel.
accept118java.
nio.
channels.
ServerSocketChannel.
open117java.
nio.
channels.
ServerSocketChannel.
socket118java.
nio.
channels.
SocketChannel.
open118java.
nio.
channels.
WritableByteChannel.
write77java.
rmi.
server.
RMIClientSocketFactory.
createSocket50java.
rmi.
server.
RMIServerSocketFactory.
createServerSocket50javax.
net.
ServerSocketFactory.
createServerSocket143javax.
net.
SocketFactory.
createSocket143isAcceptable(),injava.
nio.
channels.
SelectionKey103isAnyLocalAddress(),injava.
net.
InetAddress12isBlocking(),injava.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel264isBound()injava.
net.
DatagramSocket231injava.
net.
ServerSocket31injava.
net.
Socket35isClosed()injava.
net.
DatagramSocket236injava.
net.
ServerSocket48injava.
net.
Socket48isConnectable(),injava.
nio.
channels.
SelectionKey103isConnected()injava.
net.
DatagramSocket232injava.
net.
Socket36injava.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel262isInboundDone(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngine188isInputShutdown(),injava.
net.
Socket45,47isIpV4CompatibleAddress(),injava.
net.
Inet6Address12isLinkLocalAddress(),injava.
net.
InetAddress12isLoopback(),injava.
net.
InetAddress12isMCGlobal(),injava.
net.
InetAddress12isMCLinkLocal(),injava.
net.
InetAddress12isMCNodeLocal(),injava.
net.
InetAddress13isMCOrgLocal(),injava.
net.
InetAddress13JavaCross-Index365isMCSiteLocal(),injava.
net.
InetAddress13isMulticastAddress(),injava.
net.
InetAddress13isOpen()injava.
nio.
channels.
Channel76injava.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel262isOutboundDone(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngine188isOutputShutdown(),injava.
net.
Socket43isReadable(),injava.
nio.
channels.
SelectionKey103isSiteLocal(),injava.
net.
InetAddress13isValid(),injava.
nio.
channels.
SelectionKey103isWritable(),injava.
nio.
channels.
SelectionKey103JJavapackagesseeindividualclassentriesjoinGroup(),injava.
net.
MulticastSocket284KKeyManagementExceptioninjava.
securitythrownby:javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLContext.
init166KeyManagerinjavax.
net.
sslclass166KeyManagerFactoryinjavax.
net.
sslclass165LleaveGroup(),injava.
net.
MulticastSocket284limit(),injava.
nio.
Buffer86MMulticastSocketinjava.
netconstructor283members:getInterface288getLoopbackMode286getNetworkInterface289getTimeToLive282joinGroup284leaveGroup284send282setInterface288setLoopbackMode286setNetworkInterface289setTimeToLive282NNEED_TASK,injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngineResult.
HandshakeStatus189NEED_UNWRAP,injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngineResult.
HandshakeStatus189NEED_WRAP,injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngineResult.
HandshakeStatus189NetworkInterfaceinjava.
netclass13members:getInetAddresses13getNetworkInterfaces13passedto:java.
net.
MulticastSocket.
joinGroup284java.
net.
MulticastSocket.
leaveGroup284java.
net.
MulticastSocket.
setNetworkInterface289returnedby:java.
net.
MulticastSocket.
getNetworkInterface289newChannel(),injava.
nio.
channels.
Channels79newInputStream(),injava.
nio.
channels.
Channels79newOutputStream(),injava.
nio.
channels.
Channels79NoRouteToHostExceptioninjava.
netthrown53NoSuchAlgorithmExceptionthrownby:javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLContext.
getInstance166NOT_HANDSHAKING,injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngineResult.
HandshakeStatus189OObjectInputinjava.
ioclass80ObjectInputStreaminjava.
ioclass40–42members:readObject41ObjectOutputinjava.
ioclass80ObjectOutputStreaminjava.
ioclass40,227OK,injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngineResult.
Status189OP_ACCEPT,injava.
nio.
channels.
SelectionKey100,124–125OP_CONNECT,injava.
nio.
channels.
SelectionKey100–101,124–125OP_READ,injava.
nio.
channels.
SelectionKey101,124–125366FundamentalNetworkinginJavaOP_WRITE,injava.
nio.
channels.
SelectionKey101,124–125open()injava.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel261injava.
nio.
channels.
ServerSocketChannel117injava.
nio.
channels.
SocketChannel118OutputStreaminjava.
ioclass79PPortUnreachableExceptioninjava.
netthrown232,238position(),injava.
nio.
Buffer86Principalinjava.
securityreturnedby:javax.
net.
ssl.
HandshakeCompletedEvent.
getPeerPrincipal150javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession.
getPeerPrincipal156ProtocolExceptioninjava.
netthrown53Proxyinjava.
netclass134passedto:java.
net.
Socket.
Socket32PushbackInputStreaminjava.
ioclass41putValue(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession156–157RRandomAccessFileinjava.
ioclass78members:getChannel78read()injava.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel262injava.
nio.
channels.
ReadableByteChannel77injava.
nio.
channels.
ScatteringByteChannel77ReadableByteChannelinjava.
nio.
channelsclass76–77extendedby:java.
nio.
channels.
ByteChannel77java.
nio.
channels.
ScatteringByteChannel77members:read77passedto:java.
nio.
channels.
Channels.
newInputStream79returnedby:java.
nio.
channels.
Channels.
newChannel79readChar(),injava.
io.
DataInputStream41readDouble(),injava.
io.
DataInputStream41readFloat(),injava.
io.
DataInputStream41readFully(),injava.
io.
DataInputStream41readInt(),injava.
io.
DataInputStream41readLong(),injava.
io.
DataInputStream41readObject(),injava.
io.
ObjectInputStream41ReadOnlyBufferExceptioninjava.
niothrown85readShort(),injava.
io.
DataInputStream41readUTF(),injava.
io.
DataInputStream41readyOps(),injava.
nio.
channels.
SelectionKey103receive()injava.
net.
DatagramSocket233injava.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel263remaining(),injava.
nio.
Buffer86removeHandshakeCompletedListener(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket149removeValue(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession156–157reset(),injava.
nio.
Buffer86rewind(),injava.
nio.
Buffer86RMIClientSocketFactoryinjava.
rmi.
serverclass50members:createSocket50equals51RMIServerSocketFactoryinjava.
rmi.
serverclass50members:createServerSocket50RMISocketFactoryinjava.
rmi.
serverclass50members:createServerSocket50createSocket50getDefaultFactory50setDefaultFactory50SScatteringByteChannelinjava.
nio.
channelsclass76–77members:read77SecureRandominjava.
securitypassedto:javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLContext.
init166SecurityExceptioninjava.
langthrown53,160,238JavaCross-Index367select(),injava.
nio.
channels.
Selector101,104–105,107,111,113,123,125,265,268,319,322SelectableChannelinjava.
nio.
channelsclass76,100–101members:validOps101returnedby:java.
nio.
channels.
DatagramSocketChannel.
configureBlocking264java.
nio.
channels.
SelectionKey.
channel103SelectionKeyinjava.
nio.
channelsclass100,103,205members:attach103attachment103cancel103channel103interestOps101,103isAcceptable103isConnectable103isReadable103isValid103isWritable103OP_ACCEPT100,124–125OP_CONNECT100–101,124–125OP_READ101,124–125OP_WRITE101,124–125readyOps103selector103returnedby:java.
nio.
channels.
SelectionKey.
interestOps103selectNow(),injava.
nio.
channels.
Selector104–105,110,123Selectorinjava.
nio.
channelsclass100,104members:select101,104–105,107,111,113,123,125,265,268,319,322selectNow104–105,110,123returnedby:java.
nio.
channels.
SelectionKey.
selector103selector(),injava.
nio.
channels.
SelectionKey103send()injava.
net.
DatagramSocket233–234injava.
net.
MulticastSocket282injava.
nio.
channels.
.
DatagramChannel263sendUrgentData(),injava.
net.
Socket65ServerSocketinjava.
netclass19–20,27,31,37,55–56extendedby:javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLServerSocket147initialization27members:accept28,31,38,48,55,155bind31–32close48getInetAddress29–30getLocalPort27getLocalSocketAddress29getReceiveBufferSize56getReuseAddress30isBound31isClosed48ServerSocket27setPerformancePreferences69setReceiveBufferSize56setReuseAddress30setSoTimeout55returnedby:javax.
net.
ServerSocketFactory.
createServerSocket143ServerSocketChannel.
socket118timeout55ServerSocketChannelinjava.
nio.
channelsclass76,100,117members:accept118open117socket118returnedby:java.
nio.
channels.
ServerSocketChannel.
open117ServerSocketFactoryinjavax.
netclass143members:createServerSocket143getDefault143setAddress(),injava.
net.
DatagramPacket228setData(),injava.
net.
DatagramPacket227setDefaultFactory(),injava.
rmi.
server.
RMISocketFactory50setEnabledCipherSuites()injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLServerSocket153injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket153setEnabledProtocols()injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLServerSocket154injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket154setEnableSessionCreation()injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLServerSocket155injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket155setInterface(),injava.
net.
MulticastSocket288setLength(),injava.
net.
DatagramPacket227setLoopbackMode(),injava.
net.
MulticastSocket286setNeedClientAuth()injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLServerSocket152injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket152setNetworkInterface(),injava.
net.
MulticastSocket289setOffset(),injava.
net.
DatagramPacket227setOOBInline(),injava.
net.
Socket65setPerformancePreferences()injava.
net.
ServerSocket69injava.
net.
Socket69368FundamentalNetworkinginJavasetPort(),injava.
net.
DatagramPacket228setReceiveBufferSize()injava.
net.
DatagramSocket240injava.
net.
ServerSocket56injava.
net.
Socket35,56setReuseAddress()injava.
net.
DatagramSocket230setReuseAddress(),injava.
net.
ServerSocket30,36setSendBufferSize()injava.
net.
DatagramSocket241injava.
net.
Socket56setSocketAddress(),injava.
net.
DatagramPacket228setSoLinger(),injava.
net.
Socket61setSoTimeout()injava.
net.
datagramSocket240injava.
net.
ServerSocket55injava.
net.
Socket54setTcpNoDelay(),injava.
net.
Socket60setTimeToLive(),injava.
net.
MulticastSocket282setTrafficClass()injava.
net.
DatagramSocket243injava.
net.
Socket66setUseClientMode()injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLServerSocket151injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket151setWantClientAuth()injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLServerSocket152injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket152shutdownInput()injava.
net.
Socket45injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket,notsupported147shutdownOutput()injava.
net.
Socket43injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket,notsupported147SinkChannelinjava.
nio.
channels.
Pipeclass100Socketinjava.
netandfirewalls132class19,23,32–36extendedby:javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket147members:close47,62–63connect32getInetAddress33getInputStream41getLocalAddress34,37getLocalPort28,34getLocalSocketAddress37getOOBInline65getOutputStream38getPort33getReceiveBufferSize35,56getReuseAddress36getSendBufferSize56getSoLinger61getSoTimeout54–55getTcpNoDelay60getTrafficClass66isBound35isClosed48isConnected36isInputShutdown45,47isOutputShutdown43sendUrgentData65setOOBInline65setPerformancePreferences69setReceiveBufferSize35,56setReuseAddress36setSendBufferSize56setSoLinger61setSoTimeout54setTcpNoDelay60setTrafficClass66shutdownInput45shutdownOutput43returnedby:java.
net.
ServerSocket.
accept20,37java.
nio.
channels.
SocketChannel.
socket118javax.
net.
SocketFactory.
createSocket143socket()injava.
nio.
channels.
ServerSocketChannel118injava.
nio.
channels.
SocketChannel118SocketAddressinjava.
netclass11passedto:java.
net.
DatagramPacket.
DatagramPacket226java.
net.
DatagramPacket.
setSocketAddress228java.
net.
DatagramSocket.
DatagramSocket229java.
net.
MulticastSocket.
bind283java.
net.
MulticastSocket.
joinGroup284java.
net.
MulticastSocket.
leaveGroup284java.
net.
MulticastSocket.
MulticastSocket283java.
net.
Socket.
bind35java.
net.
Socket.
connect36java.
nio.
channels.
SocketChannel.
open118returnedby:java.
net.
DatagramPacket.
getSocketAddress228java.
net.
ServerSocket.
getLocalSocketAddress29java.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel.
receive263SocketChannelinjava.
nio.
channelsclass76,100,118,122,205members:close122open118socket118returnedby:JavaCross-Index369java.
nio.
channels.
ServerSocketChannel.
accept118java.
nio.
channels.
SocketChannel.
open118SocketExceptioninjava.
netthrown30,46,53,62–63,239thrownby:java.
net.
DatagramSocket.
getReceiveBufferSize240java.
net.
DatagramSocket.
getSoTimeout240java.
net.
DatagramSocket.
getTrafficClass243java.
net.
DatagramSocket.
setReceiveBufferSize240java.
net.
DatagramSocket.
setSoTimeout240java.
net.
DatagramSocket.
setTrafficClass243java.
net.
MulticastSocket.
getLoopbackMode286java.
net.
MulticastSocket.
setLoopbackMode286java.
net.
ServerSocket.
accept48java.
net.
ServerSocket.
getReceiveBufferSize56java.
net.
ServerSocket.
getSoTimeout55java.
net.
ServerSocket.
setPerformancePreferences69java.
net.
ServerSocket.
setReceiveBufferSize56java.
net.
ServerSocket.
setSoTimeout55java.
net.
Socket.
getReceiveBufferSize56java.
net.
Socket.
getReuseAddress36java.
net.
Socket.
getSendBufferSize56java.
net.
Socket.
getSoLinger61java.
net.
Socket.
getSoTimeout54java.
net.
Socket.
getTcpNoDelay60java.
net.
Socket.
getTrafficClass66java.
net.
Socket.
setPerformancePreferences69java.
net.
Socket.
setReceiveBufferSize56java.
net.
Socket.
setReuseAddress36java.
net.
Socket.
setSendBufferSize56java.
net.
Socket.
setSoLinger61java.
net.
Socket.
setSoTimeout54java.
net.
Socket.
setTcpNoDelay60java.
net.
Socket.
setTrafficClass66SocketFactoryinjavax.
netclass143members:createSocket143getDefault143SocketPermissioninjava.
netclass51SocketTimeoutExceptioninjava.
netthrown54,239SourceChannelinjava.
nio.
channels.
Pipeclass100SSLContextinjavax.
net.
sslclass156,165,187members:createSSLEngine187getClientSessionContext166getInstance166getProtocol166getServerSessionContext166getServerSocketFactory166getSessionContext156,160getSocketFactory166SSLEngineinjavax.
net.
sslclass186–188,191members:closeInbound188closeOutbound188getHandshakeStatus191isInboundDone188isOutboundDone188unwrap187wrap187SSLEngineResultinjavax.
net.
sslclass187–188enumerations:HandshakeStatus189–190Status189members:getHandshakeStatus189getStatus189SSLEngineResult.
HandshakeStatus,injavax.
net.
sslseeHandshakeStatusSSLEngineResult.
Status,injavax.
net.
sslseeStatusSSLExceptioninjavax.
net.
sslthrown172thrownby:javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngine.
closeInbound188javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngine.
closeOutbound188javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngine.
unwrap187javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngine.
wrap187SSLHandshakeExceptioninjavax.
net.
sslthrown172SSLKeyExceptioninjavax.
net.
sslthrown173SSLPeerUnverifiedExceptioninjavax.
net.
sslthrown173thrownby:javax.
net.
ssl.
HandshakeCompletedEvent.
getPeerCertificateChain150javax.
net.
ssl.
HandshakeCompletedEvent.
getPeerCertificates150370FundamentalNetworkinginJavajavax.
net.
ssl.
HandshakeCompletedEvent.
getPeerPrincipal150javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession.
getPeerCertificateChain156javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession.
getPeerCertificates156javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession.
getPeerPrincipal156SSLPermissioninjavax.
net.
sslclass160getSSLSessionContext,permissionvalue160SSLProtocolExceptioninjavax.
net.
sslthrown173SslRMIClientSocketFactoryinjavax.
rmi.
sslclass162SslRMIServerSocketFactoryinjavax.
rmi.
sslclass162SSLServerSocketinjavax.
net.
sslclass147members:getEnabledCipherSuites153getEnabledProtocols154getEnableSessionCreation155getNeedClientAuth152getSupportedCipherSuites152–153getSupportedProtocols154getUseClientMode151getWantClientAuth152setEnabledCipherSuites153setEnabledProtocols154setEnableSessionCreation155setNeedClientAuth152setUseClientMode151setWantClientAuth152SSLServerSocketFactoryinjavax.
net.
sslclass144members:getDefault144getDefaultCipherSuites152getSupportedCipherSuites152–153returnedby:javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLContext.
getServerSocketFactory166SSLSessioninjavax.
net.
sslclass156members:getCipherSuite156getCreationTime156getID156getLastAccessedTime156getLocalCertificates156getPeerCertificateChain156getPeerCertificates156getPeerHost156getPeerPort156getProtocol156getValue156–157getValueNames156–157putValue156–157removeValue156–157returnedby:javax.
net.
ssl.
HandshakeCompletedEvent.
getSession150SSLSessionBindingEventinjavax.
net.
sslpassedto:javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLBindingListener.
valueBound160javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLBindingListener.
valueUnbound160SSLSessionBindingListenerinjavax.
net.
sslclass159–160members:valueBound160valueUnbound160SSLSessionContextinjavax.
net.
sslreturnedby:javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLContext.
getClientSessionContext166javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLContext.
getServerSessionContext166javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession.
getSessionContext160SSLSocketinjavax.
net.
sslclass147members:addHandshakeCompletedListener149getEnabledCipherSuites153getEnabledProtocols154getEnableSessionCreation155getNeedClientAuth152getSupportedCipherSuites152–153getSupportedProtocols154getUseClientMode151getWantClientAuth152removeHandshakeCompletedListener149setEnabledCipherSuites153setEnabledProtocols154setEnableSessionCreation155setNeedClientAuth152setUseClientMode151setWantClientAuth152shutdownInput,notsupported147shutdownOutput,notsupported147startHandshake148returnedby:javax.
net.
ssl.
HandshakeCompletedEvent.
getSocket150SSLSocketFactoryinjavax.
net.
sslclass144members:JavaCross-Index371getDefault144getDefaultCipherSuites152getSupportedCipherSuites152–153returnedby:javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLContext.
getSocketFactory166startHandshake(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket148Statusinjavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngineResultclass189members:BUFFER_OVERFLOW189BUFFER_UNDERFLOW189CLOSED189OK189TThreadFactoryinjava.
util.
concurrentclass336ThreadPoolExecutorinjava.
util.
concurrentclass336enumerations:DiscardPolicy336TrustManagerinjavax.
net.
sslclass166TrustManagerFactoryinjavax.
net.
sslclass165UUnknownHostExceptioninjava.
netthrown54,239thrownby:javax.
net.
SocketFactory.
createSocket143UnsupportedOperationExceptioninjava.
langthrownby:javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket.
getOOBInline147javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket.
sendUrgentData147javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket.
setOOBInline147javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket.
shutdownInput147javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSocket.
shutdownOutput147unwrap(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngine187URLinjava.
netclass132URLConnectioninjava.
netclass132VvalidOps(),injava.
nio.
channels.
SelectableChannel101valueBound(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSessionBindingListener160valueUnbound(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSessionBindingListener160Wwrap(),injavax.
net.
ssl.
SSLEngine187WritableByteChannelinjava.
nio.
channelsclass76–77extendedby:java.
nio.
channels.
ByteChannel77java.
nio.
channels.
GatheringByteChannel77members:write77passedto:java.
nio.
channels.
Channels.
newOutputStream79returnedby:java.
nio.
channels.
Channels.
newChannel79write()injava.
nio.
channels.
DatagramChannel263injava.
nio.
channels.
GatheringByteChannel77injava.
nio.
channels.
WritableByteChannel77XX509Certificateinjavax.
security.
certreturnedby:javax.
net.
ssl.
HandshakeCompletedListener.
getPeerCertificateChain150javax.
net.
ssl.
SSLSession.
getPeerCertificateChain156373GeneralIndexAacceptoperation19,37ack-basedprotocols256activesocket19addressallocation,formulticastgroup291broadcast271multicastdefined272IPv4272IPv6272administrator,network,morethanone341alc(AsynchronousLayeredCodingprotocol)295allocation,ofbuffer81anonymousconnection,securityof140anycast269applicationfirewalls131applicationproxyfirewall131AsynchronousLayeredCodingprotocol(alc)295authentication135client147,152server147,151authorization135decisiontakenbyapplication135peer150availablemethodofSSLSocketalwaysreturnszero147Bbacklog311altering353behaviourwhenfull354defaultvalue354defined28bandwidth25isnotinfinite341bandwidth-delayproduct58,356BerkeleySockets4–5,32,39,41,61,78ip_recvdstaddr242msg_oob65readv()78recv()242select()97,99,124siocatmark65tcp_nodelay61writev()78bindoperation19,35,283datagramsocket231blockingmode96,299datagramchannel262–263setting98udp217boundedqueue310broadcast269–276address269defined271directed271IPv4271IPv6,notsupportedby271limited271androuters276consideredharmful276IPv6,notsupportedby271loopback280multi-homing280notsupportedbyIPv6271permissions291receiving279sending278browsers,Web137buffer,nio74–75allocation81capacity80classhierarchy82clearoperation81,86compactoperation81,89374FundamentalNetworkinginJavacopyidiom89creating82defined80direct92duplicateoperation81,83flipoperation81,87get81get,absolute84get,relative84initialsettings83invariants81limit81mark81,86neededforSSLEngine191notthread-safe96position81put81put,absolute84–85put,relative85read-only85rewindoperation81,88sliceoperation81,83stateattributes80stateoperations85–86view93wrapoperation81,83BugParade125bulkdatatransfer26Ccallback205andHTTPtunnelling,limitation133handshakecompletion150capacity,ofbuffer80certificatelocal157peer157X.
509135channel74–76conversionsbetweenReader/Writerand79conversionsbetweenstreamsand79convertingtoReader/Writer79convertingtostream79interfacesandclasses75obtainingforfile78forsocket78fromPipe79read81registeringwithselector100write81channelI/O42multicast,notsupported290withsecuresockets162ciphersuites139,147,152,156enabled152non-authenticating142,151,153supported152clear,bufferoperation81,86client19,23,224authentication152mode,intls/ssl151models299,334closeoperation47datagramsocket236securesession187comments188tcp,negotiated,4-way25,62close_notifymessage,tls/ssl147,190closedstate,oftcpport351close-waitstate,oftcpport123,350closingstate,oftcpport62,350compact,bufferoperation81,89connectoperation36datagramchannel262datagramsocket232tcp36negotiated,3-way25udp232connectiondisabling,intls/ssl157layered,injsse146–147pooling334connectionprocess,tcp20connection,anonymous,securityof,intls/ssl140copybufferidiom89cost,oftransport,isnon-zero341Ddatasequencing,intcp25datatransfer,bulk,intcp26datagramdefined218delivery218exactly-oncemodel,implementing220intactifatall219isunreliable217I/O233jumbogram,IPv6218maximumsize354noautomaticpacing219noreassemblyof219receiving227–228,234length227sending227–228,234sequencing218sizeconstraints218transactionmodel219truncationof219unicast270datagramchannelblockingmode262–263connect262disconnect262multiplexing264–265mustbeconnectedforread263mustbeconnectedforwrite263non-blocking264datagramsocketGeneralIndex375bind231close236connect232disconnect233,235exceptions237I/O233localaddress230options239permissions237receivebuffer232receivetimeout240sendbuffer232shutdown,supportedbyFreeBSD353DatagramPacket,invariants226deadlock,objectstream42debugging,andjsse164decryption136deliverymodelatmostonce220exactlyonce220dependencies,platform353designpatterns,callback133Deutsch,L.
Peter,eightfallaciesofnetworking339differentiatedservices67Diffie-Helmankeyexchange138digitalsignature140directbuffer92disconnectoperationdatagramchannel262datagramsocket233,235udp233,235distributedprogramming,fallaciesof339dns(DomainNameSystem)10DomainNameSystem(dns)10duplicate,bufferoperation81,83Eeavesdropping,passiveattack140encryption136asymmetric138symmetric137–138equality,ofrmisocketfactories163erasurecodes257establishedstate,oftcpport350Ethernet9exceptionsinjsse172inudp232,237exponentialbackoff,intcp25Ffailures,network,cannotallbedetected344fallacies,ofdistributedprogramming339fec,seeerasurecodesfinished,SSLEnginehandshakestatus203fin-wait-1state,oftcpport350fin-wait-2state,oftcpport350firewall129application131proxy131transport130flip,bufferoperation81,87forwarderrorcorrectionseeerasurecodesFreeBSD353platformdependencies353FreeBSD,platformdependencies353–356Ggather-write77–78,162GeneralProtectionFault(gpf),Windows4get,bufferoperation81,84getSSLSessionContext,SSLSocketPermission160gpf(Generalprotectionfault),Windows4gss-apiseejgss-apiHhalf-close,tcp43handshake,tls/ssl138–139,147,156,210additional149automatic148completioncallback150failure148inSSLEngine188listener148–149manual148multiple,whethersupported149whethersynchronousorasynchronous148hardclose,tcp62–63higher-orderlogic(HOL)353html(Hypertextmarkuplanguage)130http(Hypertexttransportprotocol)proxy131systempropertiesforproxy132tunnelling133http.
proxyHost132–133http.
proxyPort132–133https(Hypertexttransportprotocol,secure)170https.
cipherSuites173https.
protocols173https.
proxyHost174https.
proxyPort174II/Omultiplexedseemultiplexingnon-blocking162scalableudp261udp233idempotenttransaction219identifier,oftls/sslsession156376FundamentalNetworkinginJavainputshutdown45input,tcpsocket41integrity,ofmessage135–136interestset,ofselectionkey100,125,201,205,212maybeempty101Internet9,129,132,345invalidate,tls/sslsession156invariantsofDatagramPacket226ofniobuffer81ip(Internetprotocol),fundamentals9–16ipaddressIPv410IPv610ip_recvdstaddroption,BerkeleySockets242IPv49–10,14,16,32multicastaddress272typeofservice66IPv69,14–16,32doesnotsupportbroadcast271jumbograms218multicastaddress272trafficclass67JJavaGeneticSecurityServicesApplicationProgrammingInterface,seejgss-apiJavaReliableMulticastService(jrms)295JavaSecureSocketsExtension,seejssejava.
net.
preferIPv4Stack,systemproperty15java.
net.
preferIPv6Addresses,systemproperty15java.
net.
protocol.
handler.
pkgs,systemproperty174javax.
net.
debug,systemproperty164,174javax.
net.
ssl.
keyStore,systemproperty142javax.
net.
ssl.
keyStore,systemproperty174javax.
net.
ssl.
keyStorePassword,systemproperty142javax.
net.
ssl.
keyStorePassword,systemproperty174javax.
net.
ssl.
trustStore,systemproperty142javax.
net.
ssl.
trustStore,systemproperty174javax.
net.
ssl.
trustStorePassword,systemproperty143javax.
net.
ssl.
trustStorePassword,systemproperty174javax.
net.
ssl.
trustStoreType,systemproperty174jgss-api(JavaGeneticSecurityServicesApplicationProgrammingInterface)181jrms(JavaReliableMulticastService)295jsse135debugging164installation141jumbogram,IPv6218Kkeep-alive,tcp54,63–65,355keyencryption,lengthof136exchangeDiffie-Helman138rsa138sessionkey136,138–139keystore141–143,166Llan(localareanetwork)129last-ackstate,oftcpport351latency55,356isnotzero340ldap(Lightweightdirectoryaccessprotocol)27Lightweightdirectoryaccessprotocol(ldap)27limit,ofbuffer81lingeronclose,tcp44,61timeout355Linux354peculiaritiesof46platformdependencies353–356listenstate,oftcpport349listeningsocket19backlog,altering,inFreeBSD353localinterface29shutdown,supportedbyFreeBSD353Little'sformula302localaddress,re-using230localareanetwork(lan)129localinterface29,33–34,230listeningat29localport27,229loopbackaddress,inip12broadcast280multicast286MMacOS/X,peculiaritiesof30mark,ofbuffer81,86messagedigest136models,architecturalclient299,334server299considerationsfor300msg_ooboption,BerkeleySockets65multicast269–295address269allocation291defined272IPv4272IPv6272andmulti-homing286–287,289–290GeneralIndex377androuters277applications277benefitsof275group272addressallocation291joining272,274,284leaving272,274,285membership,nobuilt-inwayofdetermining277limitations275loopback286permissionsrequiredfor291receiving283,285reliable292scope272address-based272administrative272continent-local272dynamic272global272link-local272node-local272organization-local272region-local272site-local272ttl-based272,282scopingdynamic282securityof276sending282time-to-live(ttl)282MulticastSocket,initializing283multi-homedhostdefined13seealsomulti-homingmulti-homing11,29,34,59,230,241tcpclients60servers59udpandbroadcast280andmulticast286–287,289–290clients242servers242multiplexedI/Oseemultiplexingmultiplexing73,75,98,322,325andscalability99datagramchannel264–265requiresnon-blockingmode98Nnack-basedprotocol256Nagle'salgorithm,tcp60–61nat(Networkaddresstranslation)10,134negotiatedclose,4-way25negotiatedconnect,3-way25Netscape137netstatcommand349networkfailurescannotallbedetected344hasnosingletime345isnotadisk342isnothomogeneous342isnotreliable340isnotsecure341nocentralresourceallocator345nosinglepointoffailure345resourcesarenotinfinite344timeservers345topologydoesnotchange341NetworkaddresstranslationseenatNetworkinterfacecontroller(nic)10newI/Oseebuffer,channel,blocking,non-blockingnic(networkinterfacecontroller)10nio(NewI/O)seebuffer,channel,blocking,non-blockingnon-authenticatingciphersuite151,153non-blockingI/O73,96andarchitecture299anddatagramchannel264andsecuresockets162,186connect97multiplexing98performedwithchannels97read97select97setting98write97non-repudiation,ofsecuremessage140notify205Oobjectstreamdeadlock40,42ObjectInputStreamaddsitsownprotocol40deadlock40ObjectOutputStream,addsitsownprotocol40OOBInline,socketstate,notsupportedbySSLSocket147OP_ACCEPT,donotusewithOP_READ101OP_CONNECT,donotusewithOP_WRITE101OP_READ,donotusewithOP_ACCEPT101OP_WRITE,donotusewithOP_CONNECT101optionsofdatagramsocket239oftcpsocket54ofudpsocket239out-of-banddata65output,tcpsocket38Ppacing,intcp25packetheaders,ip57packetsize57passivesocket19performancepreferences68permissions378FundamentalNetworkinginJavaforbroadcast291formulticast291fortcp51forudp237platformdependencies353FreeBSD353–356Linux354–356Solaris354Unix354,356Windows354–356winsock29,46point-to-point(unicast)269policytooltool,jdk51portnumber10tcp27udp229system-allocated229well-known10,130portstates,tcpseetcp:portstatesportmapperservice,inrpc27,230position,ofbuffer81Posix65privacy,ofcommunication135–136programming,distributed,fallaciesof339protocolsack-based256enabled,intls/ssl154nack-based256session,intls/ssl157supported,intls/ssl154,166proxyapplication(infirewall)131http131socks132–133proxyfirewall129,131proxyserver44put,bufferoperation81,84Qqueue,bounded310queue,lengthof,predictedbyqueueingtheory302queueingtheory299–302Little'sformula302parameters301predictsqueuelength302Rraid259readchannel81readtimeoutoftcpsocket54ofudpsocket240read,ofdatagramchannel,mustbeconnected263Reader,convertingtochannel79readv(),BerkeleySockets78readyoperations,ofselectionkey102receivebufferandtcpwindowscaling30tcp35,41,56–57udp232,240–241receivetimeoutoftcpsocket54ofudpsocket240receiving,multicast283,285recv(),BerkeleySockets242Redundantarrayofinexpensivedisks(raid)259reliableudp245–255ReliableDatagramSocket246–255remoteobjects,rmi130resources,arenotinfinite344rewind,bufferoperation81,88rmiandsecuresockets162registryport130remoteobjects130rmidutility130socketfactories163rmidutility130round-triptime340routersandbroadcast276andmulticast277rsakeyexchange138rtt(round-triptime)340SscalableI/Osecuresockets185udp261scatter78scatter-read77–78,162securesessionclosing187implementationissues188SecureSocketLayer(ssl)135–184securesockets135–184andrmisocketfactories162channelI/Owith162non-blocking186scalable185securityauthenticationofclient147,152ofpeer135,150ofserver151authorizationofpeer135mustbedecidedbyapplication135dependson135integrityofconversation135–136non-repudation140ofmulticast276privacyofconversation135–136securityanalysis,oftls/ssl140GeneralIndex379seda(stagedevent-drivenarchitecture)336segment,tcp20select(),BerkeleySockets97,99,124selectorcreating100readyoperations102registeringchannel100semaphores205sendbuffertcp38,56–57udp232,240–241sending,multicast282server19,23servermode,intls/ssl151servermodels299considerationsfor300server,authenticationof151services,single-threaded334sessioncontext,tls/ssl147,160notsupportedinallenvironments160reallyakindofsessionmanager160session,tls/ssl138,155binding157,159cache160–161creation156disabling,intls/ssl155defined156identifier156invalidation157key136,138–139localcertificate157management147,157,159principles159viasessioncontext160name,valuepairs157,159peercertificate157protocol157resumption137–138,148,156,159–160sharing147,158,187timeout160–161shutdown44datagramsocket,supportedbyFreeBSD353input43,45–46behaviouratsender356behaviourinselect355listeningsocket,supportedbyFreeBSD353output43behaviourinselect,platform-dependenct356signature,digital140sigsegv,Unixsignal4single-threadedclients334services334siocatmark,BerkeleySockets65slice,bufferoperation81,83slowstart,tcp25–26socketdefined11secure135–184tcp19active19close47input41lingeronclose61listening19output38passive19readtimeout54receivebuffer35,41,56–57receivebuffer,andwindowscaling30sendbuffer38udp217bind231localaddress230readtimeout240socketaddress11socketbuffers356defaultsize,platform-dependent354maximumsize,platform-dependent355minimumsize,platform-dependent355socketfactory48equality,inrmi163fordatagramsocket236fortcpsocket49jsseframework143,145rmi,equalityof163socketoptions54SocketPermissionactionsaccept52multicast291udp237connect52multicast291listen52multicast291udp237resolve52socksproxy132–133socksProxyHost,systemproperty132–133Solaris,platformdependencies354ssl,seeSecureSocketLayerSSLContext,initializationwithnon-nullKeyManagerrequiredwhenauthenticatingself166SSLEngineclosureimplementationissues197complicationsinusing186creating187SSLEngineManagerclosedesign193implementation199constructordesign192implementation195designoverview191simplifyingassumptions194statemachine194flushimplementation199processHandshake380FundamentalNetworkinginJavadesign193implementation201readdesign192implemenation196runDelegatedTasksdesign193implementation(s)204–205writedesign193implementation198SSLSocketChannel,notprovidedbySun186Stagedevent-drivenarchitecture336Stream,convertingtochannel79Stroustrup,Bjarne5Sunrpc27,230synchronization,ofdistributedcomponents343syn-receivedstate,oftcpport350syn-sentstate,oftcpport349systempropertiesforhttpproxyconfiguration132forjsse173forsocksconfiguration132http.
proxyHost132–133http.
proxyPort132–133https.
cipherSuites173https.
proxyHost174https.
proxyPort174java.
net.
preferIPv4Stack15java.
net.
preferIPv6Addresses15java.
net.
protocol.
handler.
pkgs174javax.
net.
debug164,174javax.
net.
ssl.
keyStore142javax.
net.
ssl.
keyStore174javax.
net.
ssl.
keyStorePassword142javax.
net.
ssl.
keyStorePassword174javax.
net.
ssl.
trustStore142javax.
net.
ssl.
trustStore174javax.
net.
ssl.
trustStorePassword143javax.
net.
ssl.
trustStorePassword174javax.
net.
ssl.
trustStoreType174socksProxyHost132–133Ttcpclose-waitportstate123,350closingportstate350connectionprocess20establishedportstate350featuresandcosts24fin-wait-1portstate350fin-wait-2portstate350fundamentals19–72last-ackportstate351lingeronclose44,61timeout355listenportstate349Nagle'salgorithm60–61negotiatedclose,4-way25negotiatedconnect,3-way25portstates349–351segment20server223slowstart25–26syn-receivedportstate350syn-sentportstate349time-waitportstate62tcp/ip129tcp_nodelayoption,BerkeleySockets61Telnet60,65thread22,223thread-pool205threads,preallocating307thread-safe,buffersarenot96thread-safety212throughput,maximum,oftcp58timeservers345timeout62accept55linger,tcp62readtcp54–55,65udp240time-to-live,multicast282time-waitstate,oftcpport62–63,351timezones345tls,seeTransportSecurityLayerToken-ring9topology,ofnetwork,doesnotchange341trafficclass66IPv667udp243transaction,idempotent219transportcost,isnon-zero341transportfirewalls130–131TransportSecurityLayer(tls)135–184clientmode151recommendations169truststore141–143,166tunnelling,http133typeofservice,IPv466Uudp130,217,269benefitsof219blockingmode217disconnect233,235exceptions237I/O233jumbogram,IPv6218limitationsof219permissions237port229port,system-allocated229reliable245–255scalable261socket217unicast217unicast269–270GeneralIndex381unicast,udp217Unix,platformdependencies354,356urgentdata65UserDatagramProtocol,seeudpVviewbuffer93Wwait/notify205wan(WideAreaNetwork)129Webbrowsers137well-knownports10,130wideareanetwork(wan)129wildcardaddress12,230inmulticast284windowscaling,tcp31WindowsGeneralProtectionFault(gpf)4platformdependencies353–356winsock39winsock,peculiaritiesof29,46wrapbuffer81,83writechannel81datagramchannelmustbeconnected263Writer,convertingtochannel79writev(),BerkeleySockets78XXWindowSystem60X.
509certificate135