pushingnokia

Abstract—OneofthemostpromisingareasforinteractiveMobileTVisbroadcastingliveeventssuchassports.
Inthiscontext,viewersbenefitfromadditionalinformationandnotificationfeatures.
ToinvestigatethepossibilitiesofsuchMobileTVservicesinatelecommunicationscontext,researchprojectsrequireaversatileenvironmentforprototypingandtestingconvergentarchitecturesandservices.
Inthispaper,wepresentourinteractiveMobileTVplatformforearlystagetechnologyandserviceprototyping.
Wefocusoncriticalbroadcast/unicastnetworkaspectsandourinteractivemediaclient.
WeillustratetheapplicationofthesystemtoliveMobileTVscenariosandoutlinepromisingfutureresearchdirections.
IndexTerms—MobileTV,DVB-H,InteractiveBroadcast,HybridServicePlatformsandNetworks.
I.
INTRODUCTIONOBILEmediabroadcastofferssuchasMobileTVconstituteanovelclassofpervasiveentertainmentservicesthatattractsgrowingacademicandcommercialinterest.
UserstudiesandtrialssofarhaveidentifiedanumberofgenreswhicharebestsuitedforMobileTVviewing[1],[2].
Thegenre"LiveSportsTV"enjoysparticularuserappreciation,becauseitcontainsastrongmust-seeelement:thecontenthastobewatchednow,astheeventhappens.
Furthermore,itisexpectedthatinteractivitywilladdsignificantvaluetomobilebroadcastserviceoffers[3].
ThelivecontextofSportsTVdemandsthatinteractiveservicesdonotonlyhavetosupportbrowsingofstaticbackgroundinformation(e.
g.
athletebios,trackdescriptions).
Theyalsoneedtoincludehighlydynamicfeaturessuchascurrentscoresandstatistics,aswellaspushnotificationsoneventsofinterest.
Tocovertechnicalanduseraspectsofsuchtime-critical,complexMobileTVservices,researchonadvancedinteractivityenablersandRich-mediaintegrationisrequired.
Inthispaper,wepresentourapproachforaMobileTVManuscriptreceivedJanuary15th,2007andrevised12th,May2007.
ThisresearchhasbeenfundedintheframeworkoftheAustrianKplusCompetenceCenterProgramme.
R.
SchatziswithTelecommunicationsResearchCenterVienna(ftw.
),Donau-CityStr.
1,1220Vienna,Austria(e-mail:schatz@ftw.
at).
S.
WagneriswithTelecommunicationsResearchCenterVienna(ftw.
),Donau-CityStr.
1,1220ViennaAustria(e-mail:wagner@ftw.
at).
A.
BergeriswithTelecommunicationsResearchCenterVienna(ftw.
),Donau-CityStr.
1,1220Vienna,Austria(e-mail:berger@ftw.
at).
researchinfrastructuresupportingadvancedscenariossuchaslivemobileSportsTV,structuredasfollows:InChapter2wepresentourlivesportsworkingscenarioingeneralaswellasspecificrequirementsforahybridresearchtestplatform.
Chapter3presentsthemostrelevantissuesconcerninginteractivebroadcastservices.
InChapter4webrieflydiscussrelatedworkonhybridinfrastructuresandinteractiveSportsTV.
InChapter5wediscussourhybridtestplatformsolutioninthecontextofliveMobileTV.
Chapter6presentsourconclusionsandpathsforfuturework.
II.
SCENARIOANDREQUIREMENTSA.
Scenario:LiveSportsTVThelivesportsscenarioofourresearchprojectM2AMUSE[4]focusesonalpineskiingraces.
Thecontextofanalpineskiingeventprovidesatypicalsportseventsituationwhichdemandsforreal-timereception.
Inthisscenario,informationaboutthecurrentstatusoftherace,thestart-order,rankingandthe"did-not-finish"listareessentialfortheviewerandhavetobeprovidedinatimelyandappropriatefashion.
Thismeansthatduringtherace,theuserdoesnotwanttomissanythingbecauseacriticaleventcouldhappenanytime.
Therefore,duringtheaction,theviewerwantsanuninterruptedwatchingexperiencewhichshouldnotbedisturbedbybrowsingorenforcedinteraction[5].
Ontheotherhand,additionalinformationiswelcomebefore/aftertheraceandduringcontentbreaks(e.
g.
pauses)wheretheuserismorereceptivetodetailedinformationsuchasathletebios.
Furthermore,theuserhasstrongerinterestinspecificathletes,mostlygroundedonrespectivenationalityorpopularity.
Thisisanimportantstimulusnotonlyforinteractionbutalsofortheuseofpersonalisation(e.
g.
preferencesprofileswithathletesofinterest)andalerts/notifications(e.
g.
reminderswhenathletesofinterestaregoingtostart).
B.
TestPlatformRequirementsGeneralrequirements.
Amobileinteractivebroadcastresearchtestplatformmustbehighlymodular,easilyextensibleandflexibleenoughtocovernewmobileconvergentservicescenarios.
Flexibilityalsodemandsforprogrammablecomponentswithopen,well-documentedAPIs.
ComponentsaswellasarchitecturesusedmustbecompliantAMUSE-APlatformforPrototypingLiveMobileTVServicesRaimundSchatz,SiegfriedWagner,AndreasBergerTelecommunicationsResearchCenterVienna(ftw.
),A-1220Vienna,Austria{schatz,wagner,berger}@ftw.
atMtocommonbroadcastandtelecommunicationsstandards.
Thetestplatformmustberobustenoughforperformingusertrialsinthewildinapre-commercialcontext.
Project-specificrequirements.
Ourprojectcontextandconsortium(primaryEuropeantelecommunicationscompanies)demandforafocusonDigitalVideoBroadcastforHandhelds(DVB-H,themobilebroadcaststandardcurrentlyenjoyingthestrongestindustrysupportinEurope)aswellasonusingmobile2.
5G/3Gsmart-phonesasuserterminals.
Inaddition,thefeaturesnecessaryforrealizingliveeventscenariossuchastheonedescribedaboveposefollowingtechnicalanduserrequirementsforinteractivemobilebroadcasttestplatforms:1)Eventrelatedinformationandinteraction.
Thelivesportsscenariorequiresbroadcastingadditionalcontentrelatedinformation(e.
g.
currenttime,ranking,score,falls)synchronizedwiththecorrelatingevent.
Suchinformationprovidesthebasisforfurtherinteraction,e.
g.
apersonalizedviewontheavailablelistswithspecialmarksontheathletesofinterest.
Aprogramme-relatedchatsupportsusersincommentingtheactivitiesoftheathletesinreal-time.
Additionalinteractionserviceshavetobeannouncedviabroadcastatthetimeofavailability,e.
g.
votingorbettingwhichareconfinedtoasmalltimewindow.
Furthermore,usersshouldhavethepossibilitytosubscribetopersonalizednotifications,forexamplestartsofpreferredathletes.
2)Low-latencyeventprocessingandtransmission.
Beyondsatisfyingbasicuserrequirementssuchasrapidinterfaceresponsetimes,latencyisacriticalissueforliveeventapplications.
Inparticular,real-timecommunications(e.
g.
textchat)andsynchronisedextrainformationrequirefasteventprocessingaswellasefficientmechanismsforroutingandpushingdatatomobileclients.
Amajorimplementationchallengeinfulfillingaboverequirementsisthedesignofalow-latency,bandwidth-efficientpush-mechanismfordistributingnotificationsandmessagestoclients.
Weutilizeaclient-initiatedTCP/IPconnectionforXML-messageexchangewiththeapplicationservercomponents.
Thisapproachhasthreeadvantages:compatibilitywithmobilenetworkfirewalls,minimizedoverheadandtightintegrationwiththeinteractiveclient.
III.
INTERACTIVEBROADCASTSERVICESA.
TheDVB-HStandardConcerningmobilebroadcasttechnologies,DVB-HisthecurrentlystrongestendorsedEuropeanstandard[6]forthetransmissionofbroadcastcontenttohandheldterminaldevices.
IthasbeendevelopedbytheinternationalDigitalVideoBroadcastingProjectandpublishedbyETSI[7].
DVB-HisbasedontheEuropeanDVB-Tstandardfordigitalterrestrialtelevisionbuttailoredtothespecialrequirementsofthepocket-sizeclassofreceivers.
DVB-HoptimizationsformobilereceptionincludeTime-slicing,Multi-ProtocolEncapsulation–ForwardErrorCorrection,andanadditional4Ktransmissionmode.
DVB-HstreamsbuildonIPandhencesupportdeliveryofanytypesofdigitalcontent.
Tothisend,theIPDatacastspecification[8]definesserviceaccessmanagement,deliveryprotocols,bearersignaling,QoS,mobility,andinter-andintrasystemroaming.
B.
InteractiveBroadcast:HybridArchitecturesAlthoughDVB-Hsupportsmultiplemediaanddatachannels,itremainsaunidirectionaltransmissionpath.
However,advancedinteractivityconceptsrequireabi-directionalreturn-channelovertheunicastnetworkofaMNO.
Thisenablestwoadditionaltypesofback-channelinteractivity:one-wayinteractivitysimpleuserresponsestogeneralbroadcastedpromptssuchasopinionpollingorvoting.
Inaddition,two-wayinteractivityincludestheexchangeofpersonalizedcontentandinformation,asrequiredforquizzing,side-informationbrowsingandcontent-purchase.
Insuchscenarios,themobileterminalaccessinginteractivebroadcastservicesnaturallybecomesthefocalpointofconvergence.
AgeneralmodelofahybridnetworkisdepictedinFig.
1below:Fig.
1.
Generichybridbroadcast/unicastnetworkarchitecture.
Thegenericarchitecturealsodisplaystherolesofbothnetworkoperators:themobileunicastnetworkisusedforinteractivepoint-to-pointcommunication,whereasthebroadcastnetworkoffersaunidirectionalpoint-to-multipointconnection.
InordertoestablishaconnectionbetweentheISPandthemobileterminalthenetworkoperatorsprovideaccesstothedifferenttransmissionchannels.
Obviously,thebroadcastnetworkaswellasthemobilenetworkcanbeusedfordatatransmissiontothemobileterminal.
However,asubsystemensuringsystemcontrolandsignalingbetweenthepartiesinvolvedintheprovisionoftheservicesonthehybridnetworkisrequired.
ThistaskisprovidedbytheCooperativeManagementPlatform(CMP)anditsinterfaces.
ACMPwithinhybridnetworkarchitecturesmayoptimizetheloaddistributioninthenetworkandcouldevenincludeproposalsforloadbalancinginbetweentheDVB-HandUMTStransmissionpathtothemobileend-terminals[9].
Furthermore,theCMPhandlesinteractionCooperativeMediationPlatformDVB-HTransmitterUMTSCoreNetworkUMTSRadioAccessMobileTerminalDVB-H/UMTSBroadcastNetworkMobileCellularNetworkMultimediaObjectManagementBroadcastServiceProviderInternetServiceProviderDVB-HUMTSDataControlbetweentheinteractiveserviceandthebroadcastplayout,e.
g.
fordisplayingresultsofavotingtoallviewers.
Therefore,thisfunctionisessentialforrealizinginteractiveservicesformobileliveTVbroadcast.
IV.
RELATEDWORKInthefieldofhybridplatformsforadvancedinteractiveserviceapplicationbroadcastwehaveevaluatedtheapproachespublishedbyfollowingprojects:Hartletal.
[9]describethesystemsetupofaGermanDVB-Htrial,theimplementedprototypeapplicationandsomeinitialresultsofcoveragemeasurementsanduserfeedback.
ThetrialfocusedonthegeneraltechnicalfeasibilityofahybridDVB-HandGSMmobilemultimediabroadcastsystem.
KlinkenbergandSteckel[10]introducedanapproachtomodularizeinteractiveservicesinbroadcast-onlyandrespectivelyhybridnetworks.
TheirworkfocusesonJava-applicationsdeliveredviaDVB-HandtheIPDatacastframeworkontop.
TheLIVEproject[11]aimsatthedevelopmentofsemantic-basedanduser/content-awaresystemstopioneerintelligentself-describinginteractiveTVcontent.
Theprojectreliesonanintelligentmediaframeworktomatchthecontentwithpersonaluserpreferences.
Theconceptevenenvisageslettingaudiencefeedbackinfluencetheliveeditorialworkflowsinreal-time.
However,althoughchartingthedesignspaceandcontentmanagementaspectsofinteractiveSportsTV,theprojectfocusesonstaticlivingroomset-topboxscenarios.
Inadditiontothedemonstrationofthegeneraltechnicalfeasibilityofhybridnetworkarchitecturesorreal-timesportsservicesbyaboveprojects,ourrequirementsincludeusageofopenprogrammablemobilephones,trueDVB-Hreception,andreal-timeinformationviabroadcastandunicast.
TheserequirementshavebeenaddressedbyourapproachtoaninteractiveMobileTVresearchplatform.
V.
THEAMUSELIVEBROADCASTTESTPLATFORMInthischapterwediscussthetestplatformarchitecturewhichisbasedontwokeyaspectsofwatchingliveeventsonMobileTV:broadcastdataservicesanduserinteraction.
Inordertomakelivecontentinformationavailabletoamassaudienceinreal-time,weutilizethebroadcastpathandenrichaudio-visualswithadditionalcontentandinteraction.
Concerninguserinteraction,ourprojectfocusesontheintegrationofpersonalized,interactivecontentandnavigationwithbroadcastcontentonprogrammablesmart-phones.
Weuseabrowser-basedapproachtorealizeallrequiredtypesofinteraction.
However,incontrasttothecurrentpracticeofrunningseveraldistinctterminal-applications,weintegrateinteractivebrowsercomponentsdirectlyinourcustomAMUSEmediaplayer.
A.
ArchitecturalOverviewFig.
2showsthebasiccommunicationnetworksandrequiredarchitecturalcomponentsofourhybridtestplatform.
Contentandinformationareexchangedviaboth,thebroadcastandunicastpath.
Broadcastdeliversreal-timepubliccontentsynchronizedwiththeaudiovisualdata.
Toachievemaximumflexibility,weuseopensourcesoftwaresuchasthetoolMP4BoxoftheGPACproject[12]forvideoencoding.
ESGandadditionalTV-programmerelatedmultimediacontentareprovisionedviasimilarprogrammabletoolsandcanbemodifiedinreal-time.
FortheIP-Encapsulator,weuseCinecaJustDVB-IT[13],asuiteoftoolsformultiplexingDVB-Tstreams.
WeextendedthesoftwaretowardssupportforMulti-ProtocolEncapsulationandTime-slicingtogenerateDVB-Hcomplianttransportstreams(seealsothefollowingsectionconcerningIPDatacast).
Finally,aDektecDTA-110TmodulatorcardtransformsthestreamsintoanUHFRF-Signalfortransmission.
Theunicastpathservesasconduitforindividualandpersonalizedinteraction,e.
g.
differentviews,specializedcontentandinteractions.
Itrelieson3G/UMTSnetworksanalogoustocommonreal-worldhybridtrialdeployments.
Weuseunicastprimarilyforone-way(e.
g.
voting)andtwo-wayinteractivity(e.
g.
browsing)includingpersonalizedcontentexchange,deliveryofmessagesandadditionalon-demand(video)content.
TheunderlyingcommunicationprotocolusedisHTTPviaTCP/IP.
Fig.
2.
TheAMUSEhybridtestplatformwhichintegratesbroadcast(DVB-H)withunicast(3G/UMTS).
AJBossJ2EE5.
0applicationserver[14]hoststhebusinesslogicwhichhandlesHTTPrequestsfromthemobileiTVclient.
Theapplicationserveralsohoststhemediationplatformcomponentswhichcommunicatewiththebroadcastmediaprocessingtoolsinordertoaddinformationandmetadatatothebroadcaststreamsinreal-time.
ToensureflexibilityandextensibilityofprototypeservicedevelopmentwithinthisService-orientedarchitecture(SOA)weutilizeSeam[15],acomponent-basedJavawebframeworkwhichreducesthegenericcomplexityofJ2EEbyunifyingpopularwebtechnologiessuchasAJAX,JavaServerFaces,EnterpriseJavaBeansandworkflows.
Thefollowingsectiondiscussestheinsertionofadditionalservice-relateddataintothebroadcastpath.
B.
IPDatacastForDVB-Hbroadcastingadditionalservice-relatedinformationsuchasscoresandranking,werelyontheIPDatacastspecification[8].
OntopweutilizetheFLUTEprotocol[16]forunidirectionaltransmissionofservicedata.
Inordertoensurebestcompatibilitywithdifferentclients,weavoidtransmittingcontentandpresentationasonebundle(e.
g.
asXHTMLpages).
Instead,weincludesemanticsonlyinagenericXMLformatanddependingonthecapabilitiesofthedeviceandusersettings,theclientcontrolsthepresentationofcontent.
ArepresentativeSportsTVexampleisthecurrentrankingofathletes.
Dependingontheactualscreensize,parameterslikefontandimagesizearedeterminedandtherankinginformationisformattedonbehalfofastyletemplate.
Inaddition,theuserisabletodefinetheon-screenlocationofsuchsupplementaryinformation.
C.
MessagingDataandEventFlowsCommunicationinaliveeventscenariodemandsforanefficientmessageflowwhichmeanstoalwayschoosethebestroutingfordataandmessagesinourinteractiveMobileTVarchitecture.
Whereaspublicdatashouldalwaysbetransmittedviathebroadcastpath,individualandinteractivecommunicationfacestwooptions:interactioncouldberealizedexclusivelyviatheunicastpath,butroutingofpublicdata/eventsoverbroadcastyieldsmoreefficientnetworkresourcesutilization.
Examplesofsuchpublicdataarechannel-chatmessages,votingresults,orglobalgamescores(e.
g.
foraTV-programmerelatedquizgame).
Tothisend,theapplicationserverrouteseverymessagedependingonitspurpose(i.
e.
publicaudiencevs.
privateuse).
Fig.
3illustratesanexamplevotingscenarioduringalivesportsevent.
UserAiswatchingaskiingraceonhermobilephoneandgetsnotifiedthatthereisasurveystartingaboutthecolorofthesuiteofthecurrentathlete.
Theuserswillhave10minutestogivetheirfeedback.
UserAdecidestoparticipateandissueshervotebyclickingalinksaying"skisuitsshouldnotbewhite"whichisthentransmittedviaUMTS(1).
ThevoteisreceivedbytheapplicationserverwhichsendsanimmediateresponsetoUserAconfirmingthatthevotehasbeenaccepted(2).
UserBisalsowatchingthesameTVsportseventonhismobilephoneanddecidesalsotovoteinthissurvey,i.
e.
healsosendshisvoteandgetsaconfirmation.
Afterthegiventimeperiodof10minuteshaspassedtheapplicationservernotifiesthebroadcastplayoutsystemaboutthevotingresults(3).
EmbeddedintotheDatacastwhichissentwiththevideo,UserA,UserBandallotherusersviewingthesamechannelsimultaneouslyreceivethevotingresultsviaDVB-H(4).
Fig3.
Communicationdataflowexemplifiedbyalivevotingusecase.
Duringthewholeinteractionsequencetheusersdonothavetosuspendwatchingtheongoingsportsevent.
OurSmartphoneclientdesignallowsforsimultaneousmediaandinteractivepresentationasexplainedinthefollowingsection.
D.
InteractiveSmartphoneClientOurmediaclientisbasedonSymbianOSplatformforcurrent3rdeditionS60mobiledevicessuchastheNokiaE61andN92.
TheS60SymbianAPIsprovidebasicUIwidgets,andtheMultimediaFramework(MMF)whichsupportsplaybackandrenderingofaudio/videocontent[17].
AdditionaltypesofmultimediacontentcanbeprocessedandrenderedbytherespectiveAPIsoftheNokiaS60Webkit,theopensourcebrowserdevelopmentkitfortheSymbianS60platform[18].
TheWebKitAPIssupportSymbianC++applicationswithprocessingandrenderingofXHTML,CSS,andscriptedcontent.
Thisapproachallowsfortherealizationofasplit-screensolutionwithcontentandnavigationframestocreatethedemandedintegrateduserexperience(Fig.
4).
Figure4.
AlpineskiraceoninteractiveMobileTV(S60screenshot).
Thetopframepresentspush-informationaboutthecurrentskierwhilethebottomframeoffersinteractivebrowsingofthelistofupcomingskiers.
Weareawareofthefactthatourcurrentbrowser-basedapproachtointeractivitycannotcompetewithfull-fledgedRich-Mediaenvironments.
ThecapabilitiesofscriptedXHTMLinterfacesstilldonotmatchinterfaceimplementationsinMacromediaFlash[19]ornativeSymbianC++,nonethelesstheykeepcatchingupthankstorecentdevelopmentssuchasAJAX[20].
Ontheotherhand,GUIsforMobileTVservicesmustbekeptsimpleanyway,duetoTVcontent'scompetingdemandsforhumanattentionanddevicecomputingresources.
Inaddition,theuseofweb-technologiesnotonlyenablesrapidprototypingofinteractiveMobileTVapplications,butalsorepresentsastandardwayofservicedeploymentwithinmobiletelecommunications.
VI.
CONCLUSIONSANDFUTUREWORKInthispaperwepresentedthescenarioandrequirementsenhancinglivesportscoverageviainteractiveMobileTV.
Wepresentedourtestplatformthatallowsforflexibleprototypingandevaluationofinteractivehybridmultimediaservicesandtechnologiesaddressingthereal-timerequirementsforliveTVcontent.
WechoseanAll-IPSOAusingstandardJ2EEcomponentsandframeworksforadvancedinteractivityviaunicastaswellformediationplatformfunctions.
Forthebroadcastpathweadaptedopensourcetoolsforencoding,encapsulationinconjunctionwithstandardDVB-H/Tequipment.
Thisapproachhasproveneconomicandflexibleenoughforresearchpurposes.
Ontheclientside,amajorresultistheintegrationofvideodisplaywithbrowserfunctionalitytorealizeaunifiedrichmediaplayerfortheS60mobileplatform.
ThisapproachallowsaseamlessintegrationofTVviewing,browsinginformation,andinteraction,withoutdisruptionofacontinuingperceptionofaliveevent.
TheshiftofapplicationlogicandpresentationauthoringfromtheclienttotheserveryieldstheflexibilitynecessaryforrapidprototypingofmobileiTVconceptswhicharenotnecessarilylimitedtothecontextofliveevents.
Concerningfuturework,nextstepsincludetheevaluationoftheskiingraceprototypesbasedonourhybridDVB-Htestplatform.
Userstudiesinthelabandconceivedasfieldtrialsshouldnotonlyaddresscoreaspectsofuseracceptanceoftheconceptinmobilecontexts.
TheyalsoshouldclarifyopenissuesrelatedtointeractiondesignofservicesstemmingfromintegrationofmobileserviceswithliveTVcontent.
Inparticular,timingandsynchronizationissuesarecriticalforcommercialapplicationssuchasbettingforMobileTV.
Thehighreal-time,fault-toleranceandusabilityrequirementsofafairMobileTVbettingsystemwillkeepchallenginghybridbroadcastplatformsinthenearfuture.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTThisresearchhasbeenperformedwithintheprojectM2AMUSE2.
0attheTelecommunicationsResearchCenterVienna(ftw.
)fundedintheframeworkoftheAustrianKplusCompetenceCenterProgramme.
WewouldliketothankM2teammembersMichaelJankandErwinWittowetzfortheirfruitfulworkonthehybridtestplatformandinteractiveclients.
REFERENCES[1]Mason,S.
"MobileTV–ResultsfromtheBTMovioDAB-IPtrialinOxford",EBUTechnicalReview2006,http://www.
ebu.
ch/en/technical/trev/trev_306-mason.
pdf[2]Sodergard,C.
"MobileTelevision–TechnologyandUserExperiences",VTTInformationTechnologyEspoo.
Finland:VTTPublications,2003.
[3]UMTSForum,"JointMobileGroupWhitepaper–MobileTV:TheGroundbreakingDimension",http://www.
umts-forum.
org,November2006.
[4]ftw,AMUSE2.
0ProjectHomepage,http://amuse.
ftw.
at[5]Knoche,H.
andMcCarthy,J.
"MobileUsers'NeedsandExpectationsofFutureMultimediaServices",inProceedingsoftheWWRF'12,2004.
[6]U.
Reimers,"DVB:TheInternationalStandardforDigitalTelevision",Springer-Verlag,2001.
[7]ETSI,"DigitalVideoBroadcasting;TransmissionSystemforHandheldTerminals(DVB-H)",ETSIstandard,EN302304V1.
I.
1,2004.
[8]ETSI,"DigitalVideoBroadcasting(DVB):SpecificationforDataBroadcasting,ETSIstandard",EN301192V1.
4.
1,2004.
[9]M.
Hartl,C.
Rauch,C.
SattlerandA.
Baier,"TrialofaHybridDVB-H/GSMMobileBroadcastSystem",14thISTMobileandWirelessCommunicationsSummit,Dresden,June2005.
[10]F.
KlinkenbergandP.
Steckel,"AModularApproachforaJava-basedServiceFrameworkinHybridNetworks",IEEEInternationalSymposiumonBroadbandMultimediaSystemsandBroadcasting2006,LasVegas,USA.
[11]J.
Khler,R.
Wages,C.
McWilliamsandHeikeFischer,"EU-ISTProjectLive:LiveStagingofMediaEvents",SAMT2006:FirstInternationalConferenceonSemanticsandDigitalMediaTechnology,Dec6-8,2006,Athens,Greece.
[12]GPACProjectonAdvancedContent,http://gpac.
sourceforge.
net/[13]CinecaJustDVB-ITHomepage,http://www.
cineca.
tv/blog[14]TheJBossFoundation,www.
jboss.
org[15]JBossSeam,http://labs.
jboss.
com/portal/jbossseam[16]T.
Paila,M.
Luby,R.
Lehtonen,V.
RocaandR.
Walsh,"RFC3926:FLUTE–FileDeliveryOverUnidirectionalTransport",2004.
[17]ForumNokiaHomepage,2007,http://forum.
nokia.
com/[18]SymbianS60WebKitBrowserProjectHomepage,2007,http://trac.
webkit.
org/projects/webkit/wiki/S60Webkit[19]AdobeFlashProductHomepage,http://www.
adobe.
com/products/flash[20]Garrett,J.
J.
"Ajax:ANewApproachtoWebApplications",http://www.
javalobby.
org/articles/ajax