代理代理服务器的作用

代理服器(Proxy)

随着因特网技的迅速展越来越多的算机入了因特网。它促了信息 的展 并改了人的生活、学和工作方式 很多人来 因特网已成不可缺少的工具。而随着因特网的展也生了如IP地址耗尽、网 源争用和网安全等 。代理服器就是了解决些 而生的一有效的网安全品 。

如果一个位有几百台微机网在上网 将出网 源争用和增加上网用的 。一台主机 了某个站点而另一台主机又 同一个站点 如果是同 将出网 源争用的  如果是相 将出增加本位网 用的 。

本位或本位的各部的网均有安全性要求高的数据 而因特网上常会有一些不安全的行出 。如果每台主机都直接到因特网上 必会网内部 (Intranet)的安全造成重的危害。因此使网安全运行是网 展的前提条件 也是人 日益注的点。

如何快速地 Internet站点 并提高网的安全性 已成当今的 。新一代的代理服器使我美梦成真。代理服器(Proxy Server)可以解或解决上述 是因特网共享解决方案(Internet Sharing Solution)的 。

代理服器件安装在网 点上 利用其高速存(Cache) 可以极大地、极有效地存因特网上的源。当内部网的一个客机 了因特网上的某一站点后代理服器便将 的内容存入它的高速存(Cache)中 如果内部网的其他客机再 同一个站点代理服器便将它存中的内容 客机 就能使客机共享任何一个客机所

的源 就可以大大地提高 网站的速度和效率 尤其是那些冗 、大的内容 更可起到立杆影、事半功倍的作用同减少网 流量提高网 速度  降低 用 。比如一家售DELL 品的公司假有15台需要上网的PC 可能每一台每天都需要 DELL的Web站点来了解最新品信息 以便向客介最新的品 。假每一个用需要5分 来取些信息 那 15个用分 接取信息 一共要花75分的上网 但在使用了代理服器后只要有一个用 DELL的Web站点其他用再 站点 Proxy Server就可以从Cache中直接提取一份存的面 很快就得了各自所需的信息很明 的上网 由去的75分下降到5分多一点 网用自然也降低了接近15倍 如果用更多 用降低得更多 。

代理服器只允因特网的主机 其本身 并有 地将某些允的 内部网 是利用代理服器件的功能的。采用防火技 易于 内部网的管理 限制 地址。代理可以保局域网的安全起到防火的作用 于使用代理服器的局域网来在外部看来只有代理服器是可的其他局域网的用 外是不可的代理服器局域网的安全起到了屏障的作用 。因此 可以提高内部网的安全性。

另外代理服器件允使用大量的 IP地址 网上源即用代理服器可以减少IP地址的需求 于使用局域网方式接入Internet 如果局域网(LAN)内的每一个用都申一个IP地址其用可想而知。但使用代理服器后 只需代理服器上有一个合法的IP地址 LAN内其他用可以使用10* * * 的内部网保留IP地址可以 大量的IP 。 解目前IP地址 很有用 。有在几台PC想接Interne t却只有一根号的情况下代理服器是一个很合适的解决方案。

代理服器的功能

上所述代理服器(Proxy Server)是一服器件 它的主要功能有

1 置用 和 功能 可按用 行 没有登的用无通代理服器 Internet网。并用的 、 地点、信息流量行 。

2用 行分管理 置不同用的 限 外界或内部的Internet地址行  置不同的 限。

3增加冲器(Cache)提高 速度 常 的地址建冲区大大提高 站点的 效率。通常代理服器都置一个大的硬 冲区(可能高达几个GB或更大) 当有外界的信息通  同也将其保存到冲区中 当其他用再 相同的信息 直接由冲区中取出信息 用 以提高 速度。

4接Internet与Intranet充当FireWall(防火) 因所有内部网的用通代理服器 外界 只映射一个IP地址所以外界不能直接 到内部网同可以置IP地址  限制内部网外部的 限。

5省IP 如前面所所有用 外只占用一个IP所以不必租用多的IP地址 降低网的 成本。

代理服器的原理

代理服器(Proxy)的工作机制很象我生活中常常提及的代理商假你的机器A机你想得的数据由B机提供代理服器C机 那具体的接程是 的

首先 A机需要B机的数据 它与C机建立接 C机接收到A机的数据求后与B机建立接 下A机所求的B机上的数据到本地再将此数据送至A机 完成代理任 。

只是一个 的描述 上代理服器完成的任比要 提供的功能也多得多 。代理服器犹如一个屏障它容向Internet送求并且接收信息但禁止未授用的 。目前通代理方式可以支持大部分的In ternet用从一般的WWW 到RealAudio 、NetMeeting等都可以通代理方式  而且目前新型的代理服器件可以支持Novell用的代理服 。

代理服通常由两部分成服器端程序和客端程序 用运行客端程序 先登至代理服器(有的是透明理的就没有式的登)再通代理服器就可以 相的站点。

客端程序可以分 用客端及Internet用内嵌的代理置。例如WinGate有自己用的客端程序InternetClient在客机安装了以后 可透明地通WinGate Internet  SocksCap也是一个用的客端程序 它是Socket代理的客端 可以透明地通Socks代理 Internet 。很多Internet用都有置代理的功能例如IE 、Netscape等 器都可以置代理 CuteFTP等FTP件也可以置代理。

代理服器的 十分  只需在局域网的一台服器上运行相的服器端件 目前代理服器件品十分成熟 功能也很强大 可供 的服器件很多 。主要的服器件有WinGate公司的WinGate Pro 、微公司的MicrosoftProxy 、Netscape的Netscape Proxy 、Ositis Soft ware公司的WinProxy 、Tiny Software公司的

WinRoute 、Sybergen Netwo rks公司的SyGate等 些代理件不可以局域网内的PC机提供代理服 可以基于Novell网的用 甚至UNIX的用提供代理服 服器和客机之可以用TCP/IP 、IPX 、NETBEUI等 通信 可以提供WWW 、FTP文件上下 、Telnet程登 、件接收送、TCP/UDP端口映射、SOCKS代理等服 可以目前大部分Internet的用都可以通代理方式 。

下面我 了几流行的代理服器件行介 。

二、WinGate

WinGate可以算是代理服器件中的“元老” 了性能十分成熟能提供大量的代理服功能十分强大。在最新的版本是501 。WinGate提供了十几 的代理能 Internet上大部分用 服器性能的要求不高可以运行于Windows9x和Windows NT,2000平台上能 Windows3 1/3 2/9x/NT/2000客提供代理服 可以Novell网的用提供代理服 。WinGate提供的功能主要有

*WWW存 支持HTTP 、FTP和HTTPS等

* Socks5代理服

*VDOLive/XDMA/POP3/FTP/RealAudio/Telnet代理服

* TCP/UDP端口映射接

*DHCP服器( IP地址分配服器)

*DNS服器(域名服器)和程配置服

*用授与 号管理

*高登

*用数据和流量

*客端自 化与配置

*防火 防病毒功能

*网站智能

*程管理 控

些功能基本上可以足广大用的需求。由于已有 的文章 介了WinGate的安装、配置和使用 里不再重具体 参照相的文章及WinGate的文档。于WinGate件的最新信息 可以 网址http://www wingate com cn/ 。

三、Microsoft Proxy Server

Microsoft Proxy Server是微公司推出的代理服器件品是代理服器品中的“新”  目前升叫ISA 面向Windows NT平台 可以 与Windows NT及Internet In formation Server的无 接。Microsoft

Proxy Server20需要以、下系 件 否无法安装Windows NT40(中/英版) 、Microsoft Internet Informat ionServer20或更高版本 Windows NT40 Service Pack3或更高 而且必有一个格式NTFS的硬作 存(Cache) 。Microsoft Proxy Server20也可以装在W indows2000 Server上但是得从微的Web站点下一个丁。

由于Microsoft Proxy Server20需要有NTFS格式的硬空做存 因此其无法运行在Windows9x平台上

Microsoft Proxy Server20系的要求要比WinGate高但是其代理接(WinSock Proxy服)的无性、透明性要更好 由于与Windows NT良好的合使得其配置、管理、运行十分便客机只运行相的客端件此后用通代理上网网与直接上 基本相同不做任何特的置在客端根本无法感到代理服器的存在。

Microsoft Proxy Server20包括了Web Proxy 、Socks Proxy 、W insock Proxy 

*Web Proxy,是准的Proxy功能所有的Proxy代理服器件都有个功能。Micro soft Proxy Server20提供了多个Proxy 同工作、 的功能来合理分配流量 防止网 塞从而提高效率。Microsoft Proxy Server20的Web Proxy提供了Web服器的反向代理功能 支持将本地的Web服器放在内部局域网上能将外部来的在代理服器80端口上的Web接求到内部相的Web服器上去。如果局域网里有多个Web服器 代理服器根据所求的URL的目来决定到哪台W eb服器上。

* Sock Proxy,支持Sock43a的Proxy 支持Proxy的Telnet等客端件提供代理服 基于UNIX的系可以使用到个代理服 。

*Winsock Proxy,Microsoft Proxy Server20具有它的独到之 。以上的两个Proxy是基本上所有代理服器都有的功能 只要客机的Internet用件有支持Proxy的功能就可以使用但是不能 透明 的功能 也不能除了Web服器外的服器(例如FTP服器)的反向代理即将除了Web服器外的服器放在局域网内部 可以向外提供服 。而Winsock Proxy就能做到些。但是Winsock Proxy要求在客端安装Microsoft ProxyClient 。

由于已有 的文章 介Microsoft Proxy Server的安装、配置和使用 里不再重具体 参照相的文章及文档。于Microsoft Proxy Server件的最新信息 可以与微公司系 或者 网址http://www microsoft com/Proxy/ 。

四 、WinRoute

Microsoft Proxy Server和WinGate是目前最流行的代理服器件但是我要特向你推荐的另一个功能强大、很不的代理服器件-WinRoute 。与Microsoft Proxy Serv er和WinGate相比WinRoute又有那、些 呢Microsoft Proxy Server需要Wi ndows NT与IIS的合 而且要 它的 (WinSock Proxy的透明性 无性)需要安装Mic rosoft Proxy Client程序 也限制了客机的平台 。WinGate提供代理功能但无法使用二代理而且最不方便的是很多 (例如件等)的使用 尤其是Telnet要分两步走先Telnet到代理服器上再往外Telnet 。

WinRoute提供了众多而强大的功能具有以下一些极其吸引人的特性

*提供NAT(Network Address Translation)功能可以做路由器(Router ) 多台机器使用同一个IP地址Internet 能自保内部网不受到外部的攻

*端口映射 反向代理功能 外部 受NAT保的内部网所提供的一些服

*包 根据您所定的  代理服器的包行  以保安全

*与用程序无 各基于TCP/IP的程序都能正常使用(所以可以同使用HTTP Proxy和Soc ks Proxy 自然也可以使用二代理啦 )

*安装非常便 系要求不高Windows9x/NT/2000都可以 并且不需要安装任何 的客端件

*提供代理服器 HTTP代理提供存(Cache)

*支持代理服的身份

*支持基于IP地址的 和限制提供限制可 的URL的安全功能

*DHCP服器 自配置网上的客机的网相参数例如IP地址、网掩

*子件服器接受和送子件

* 的域名服器(DNS) 作本地局域网的一个 的域名服器 包含了一个DNS的存 可以 DNS域名

WinRoute的安装

安装的系要求:

操作系 Windows9x/NT4/2000其中Windows NT4需要Service Pack 3 。安装TCP/IP 。

硬件 486/66以上的PC或者服器 足的硬空做代理存(Cache)双网卡或者网卡+猫(M odem)或者其他合 至少有一个合法的IP 。

在各大著名的FTP站点均可下WinRoute 目前的最新版本是425 。下面的安装与置以WinRoute30例子 更高版本的WinRoute的安装与置是似的。

WinRoute的Proxy Server提供了 控制的功能。你可以不同的用 号或者限制允 的站点(URL) 。在Access置下面填写你的控制列表。例如站点www cnn com允BOSS  那 Allow to [BOSS]  非BOSS 的成均不可以 www cnn com。目的URL可以使用配?刑睢?”  Allow to下面什都不填 Pro xy任何非Admin成都不放。注意 Admin成是不受Proxy的任何 限制的 置号 考到一点。如果不想Proxy Server起作用就不任何号 并且利用配符“*”限制 任何站点。另外 Proxy Server是于本机IP上的 而不是WinRoute占用的两个IP 。

注意WinRoute的Proxy Server在缺省状下是可以由任何人 的 也就是任何的人都是可以使用个Proxy的 会有安全 。在网上代理手Proxy Hunter天 一旦你的Prox y Server没有置限而被上的那就危啦

使用WinRoute的Proxy功能以Netscape Communicator来做例子 菜 

Edit/Preferences/Advanced/Proxies Manual Proxy Config uration按[View ]按在HTTP 、FTP和GOPHER几中入WinRoute代理服器的IP地址和端口号3128(缺省)就可以了 。

当然WinRoute有多其他功能例如DNS服器、DHCP服器、子件服器等等(有 些置的介 参照WinRoute的帮助和文档)但是有以上功能已可以做很多事情了 。 料 //www winroute com cn 。

五、SyGate

与前面介的几个代理服器件相比 SyGate可以算是一个很容易使用的代理服器件了 基本上不用置什 西就可以使用 。SyGate 的候就以“易于使用” 最高先 因 SyGate的作者得“易于使用”是一个很重要的因素。但在管理功能上略色于前几个代理服器件。

SyGate的系要求不高 只需要一台接Internet的机器操作系是Windows9x/NT4 0(其中WindowsNT40需要Service Pack3以上)装有TCP/IP 就可以了 。

英文版

Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in theparty in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, theimplementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan,implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline tomanage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of majorinitiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code> adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Partymembers and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a highstandard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary rulerrequirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge,draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the"bottom line ".Here, the main from four square face two partyrules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revisedregulations the necessity and the revision process; the second partis the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of therevision of laws and regulations in the party; the third partintroduces two party regulations modified the main changes andneeds to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how tograsp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. <code > and <Regulations > revised the necessity and revisedhistory of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to theChinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honestpolitics several guidelines > and <Chinese Communist Partydiscipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 tostrengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulationsrevision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the wholeparty, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect forthe wisdom of our predecessors,which reflects the unity ofinheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp thelimited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the massesof the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision ofthe < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighthsession of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session,reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the GeneralSecretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party'seighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised tworegulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in

1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China cleanpolitics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgationand implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the constructionof the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. Butwith the party to manage the party strictly administering thedeepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs.Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowedto" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; thesecond is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibitedprovisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is bannedterms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinaryregulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulationsrepeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not forthe existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-levelleading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 <Chinese CommunistParty disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen theconstruction of the party play very important role.Along with thedevelopment of the situation,which many provisions have beenunable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering thepractice needs.One is Ji law,more than half of the provisions andcriminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition;two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, notspecific, for violation of the party constitution, damage theauthority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary andserious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for theleading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on theabove situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honestadministration > and < rule > the two is likely to be morerelevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put theauthority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree andcall up the majority of Party members and cadres of the partyconstitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two partyregulations revision process the Central Committee of the

Communist Party of China attaches great importance to tworegulations revision .Xi Jinping, general books recorded in theFifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central

Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations <

>made clear instructions.According to the central deployment, theCentral Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under sixmonths begin study two regulations revision. The Standing

Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4review revised.Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a specialmeeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies thedirection,major issues of principle, path and target, respectivelyheld a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretaryof the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline InspectionCommission, part of the central ministries and state organs

Department

The first party committee is mainly responsible for people,views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizationsand Party members.Approved by the Central Committee of theCommunist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the generaloffice of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice tosolicit the provinces (autonomous regions,municipalities) Party, thecentral ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissionsof the Party (party), the General Political Department of themilitary, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulationsrevision opinion.Central Commission for Discipline Inspection ofextensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formeda revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12,CentralCommittee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the PoliticalBureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the tworegulations revised draft.On October 18, the Central Committee ofthe Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations.Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of thewhole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and <

Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two partyregulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, teneight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of theEleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinpingimportant instructions on the revised < low political criterion >and <Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics,serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based onthe current, a long-term, advance as a whole,with Bu Xiudingindependent < rule > and < rule >.Main principle is: first, adhere

to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about disciplineand self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitutionof party compasses party consciousness,maintaining the authorityof the constitution.General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that"no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law,the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held theeighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline InspectionFifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee,Xi Jinpingagain pointed out that constitution is the party must follow thegeneral rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the <code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulationsestablished for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is toadhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, theconstitution authority set up,wake up the party constitution andparty rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution aboutdiscipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is toadhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the partyand the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de",mainly refers tothe party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. Therevised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insistingon the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few",emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and themajority of Party members and the ideological and moralstandards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan toMethod, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusingon vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positivereaction, the strict party discipline and practice resultstransformation for the integration of the whole party to observemoral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Partymembers and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insiston to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the presentstage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in theaspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearlydefined, especially the party's eighteen years strict politicaldiscipline and political rules, organization and discipline and toimplement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the fourwinds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions.Not onepace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with

reality, pragmatic and effective.After the revision of majorchanges,major changes in the < code > and < rule >modifiedand needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code >adhere to according to regulations governing the party and partywith morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadershipof the party members and cadres and Party members in existingmain problems of self-discipline, put forward principles,requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moralpursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics fromhigh from low 5 common requirements.One is closely linked tothe "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to theprovisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eightprohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the"negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >.Three is for all the party members,will apply object from theleadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Partymembers, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. Thefourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the partymembers and cadres is the key, and put forward higherrequirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify,and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy toremember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the firstinsists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms,moral declaration issued to all members of theparty and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterionof a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18,morethan 3600 words.After the revision of the < code >, a total ofeight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party membercadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 memberslow-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can besummarized as "four must" "eight code".Lead part, reiterated onideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and workstyle, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle ofrequirements, strong tone of self-discipline,The higher request for6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party'sadvanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standardsrequirements.Members of self-discipline norms around the partymembers how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and