mainframeshdchina.org
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nanoHUB.
org2/3/20061onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureAnOverviewofVirtualizationTechniquesRenatoFigueiredoAdvancedComputingandInformationSystems(ACIS)ElectricalandComputerEngineeringUniversityofFloridaNCN/NMITeamnanoHUB.
org2/3/20062onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureOutlineResourcevirtualization:MotivationsandtechniquesVirtualMachines:past,present,futureApplicationsinGridComputingnanoHUB.
org2/3/20063onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructurePhysicalcomputerProcessor,memory,andI/OHarddiskandnetworkinterfacesarekeycomponentsoftheI/OsubsystemProcessorrunsinstructions.
Memoryholdsdataforfastoperation.
Diskholdsdatainpersistentstate(files,directories).
NetworksupportscommunicationnanoHUB.
org2/3/20064onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureVirtualComputerAvirtualcomputerhasthesame"lookandfeel"asaphysicalcomputerVirtualprocessor,virtualmemory,virtualdiskandvirtualnetworkcardCanrunexactlythesamesoftware(e.
g.
Windows,Linux)Butmultiplevirtualcomputerscantime-shareasinglephysicalcomputer!
LinuxWinXPNetBSDPhysicalmachineVirtualmachinesnanoHUB.
org2/3/20065onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureVirtualMachinesCapableofrunningfull-blownO/SwithinVM"guest"VMwareXenMicrosoftVirtualPCSupportlegacysoftwareAdvantageoverJavaVM,C#CLRVM"Host"VM"Guests"nanoHUB.
org2/3/20066onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureWhyvirtualComputersMotivationsResourcesharingandconsolidation;securityandisolationFamiliarexample:virtualmemoryinmulti-taskO/SsPhysicalmemorysharedbymultipleprocesses;eachprocesshasitsown,independentaddressspaceEaseofmanagementVirtual(software)vs.
physical(hardware)Copying,migration,archival,versioningVirtualizationaddsanextralayerofsecurityandisolationAusercan"crash"orrebootaVMwithoutcompromisingitshost,orotherVMsVMisnotnearlyascomplexasO/SBecausetheyaresmallerandsimpler,theyareharderto'hack'thananO/SDiscoVM:50KlinesofcodeIRIXO/S:millionsoflinesnanoHUB.
org2/3/20067onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureVirtualMachines-VMs"Classic"VMsTechnologytracesbacktotheearly70sLegacyO/SswhichwouldshareexpensivemainframesIBM370-zSeriesVirtualmachinedefined:"Asystem…which…isahardware-softwareduplicateofarealexistingmachine,inwhichanon-trivialsubsetofthevirtualmachine'sinstructionsexecutedirectlyonthehostmachine…"[Goldberg,1971]nanoHUB.
org2/3/20068onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureArchitectureofVMsHowareVMsimplementedCore:virtualmachinemonitor(VMM)softwarePresentsillusionofmachineduplicatetoothersoftwarerunningontopofitVirtualizationoperatesatthe(low)levelofindividualprocessorinstructionsCan"boot"existingoperatingsystems,rununmodifiedapplicationsontopofVMKeyinsighttoachievegoodperformance:RunmostinstructionsdirectlyonhardwareDSameperformanceaswithoutaVMMEmulatefewinstructionsthatrequirespecialhandlingDVirtualizationoverheadnanoHUB.
org2/3/20069onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureExample-performanceExamplequantifyingvirtualizationoverheadfortypicalCPU-intensivescientificapplicationsSpecHPCbenchmarksExperimentalsetup:Physical:dualPentium-III,933MHz,512MBmem,RedHat7.
1,SMPkernelVirtual:VMwareworkstation,128MBmem,RedHat7.
1uniprocessorkernelNativeVMOverheadSPECseis14806s14946s1.
0%SPECclimate9304s9693s4.
2%nanoHUB.
org2/3/200610onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructurePerformanceOverheadscanbelargerwithdiskI/O,networkactivityXenVMMachievesnear-nativeperformanceCPUCPU+I/OCPU+I/O+netBarhametal,"XenandtheArtofVirtualization",SOSP2003nanoHUB.
org2/3/200611onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureVirtualmachinesoftwareSeveralmaturevirtualizationproductsnowavailablefortypicaldesktopsandservers;hereisabriefoverviewVMwarePioneerofproductsbringingVMstoIntel-baseddesktopsandserversProductsWorkstationDEasytoinstallanduse;goodperformanceandseveralfeaturesPlayerDFree!
Can"play"VMscreatedbyWorkstationandESXGSXD"Group"server;moremanagementtoolsESXDEnterpriseserver;higherperformance,severalmanagementfeatures,advancedschedulingFormoreinformationanddownloads:http://www.
vmware.
comnanoHUB.
org2/3/200612onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureVirtualmachinesoftwareMicrosoftAcquiredstart-up(Connectix)andaddedVMstoitslineofproductsPlanstohaveVMsupportaspartoffuturereleasesofWindowsVirtualPCAkintoVMware'sworkstation.
CanrunVMwareVMs(andvice-versa)Unlikeworkstation,doesnotrunontopofLinuxCanrunIntel-basedVMs(e.
g.
Windows)onPowerPC-basedMacsVirtualServerAkintoVMware'sGSXserverFormoreinformation:http://www.
microsoft.
com/Windows/virtualpc/default.
mspxhttp://www.
microsoft.
com/windowsserversystem/virtualserver/default.
mspxnanoHUB.
org2/3/200613onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureVirtualmachinesoftwareXenOpen-sourceVMinitiallydevelopedatCambridgePackaginganddistributionnowhandledbystart-upcompanyXenSourceDesignedtoachievehighperformance"Para-virtualization"techniquestoreducevirtualizationoverheadButpara-virtualizationrequiresoperatingsystemstobemodifiedbeforetheyrunonXenTypically,XenrunsLinux,FreeBSDorNetBSDWithnewIntel/AMDprocessors,XenisbeginningtosupportunmodifiedoperatingsystemsFormoreinformationanddownloads:http://www.
xensource.
comnanoHUB.
org2/3/200614onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureVirtualmachinesoftwareParallelsWorkstationLow-costVMComparabletoVMwareworkstation,WindowsVirtualPCRunsonbothWindowsandLinuxServer,Enterpriseserver:due2006Formoreinformationanddownloads:http://www.
parallels.
comnanoHUB.
org2/3/200615onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureHardwaresupportMuchofthevirtualizationoverheadtodayareduetoprocessorsnotbeingdesignedwithvirtualizationinmindSeminalpaperbyPopek,Goldberg(1974)providesbasicguidelinesEfficientVMMcanbedesignedif:1.
Processorhasprotectionmechanisms,and2.
Privilegedinstructionsthatread/writesystemstatusmustcauseexceptionsifrunatnon-privilegedlevelModernmicroprocessorssupportprotection(condition1)However,secondconditionrarelysatisfiedDE.
g.
Intel'x86':17problematicinstructionsToday,VMsmustuseseveralsoftware'tricks'tocircumventproblematicinstructionsinprocessorssuchasIntel/AMDTomorrow:processorshavebeen/arebeingredesignedtosupportmoreefficientVMsIntelVTindual-core"Yonah";AMD"Pacifica"nanoHUB.
org2/3/200616onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureBeyondasinglehostOnevirtualmachineSinglephysicalmachine(uni/multi-processor);multipleconcurrentO/SsVMmonitors(VMware,Xen)virtualizelocaldevicesInterconnectedVMsEmergingapplicationsnotconsideredinearlyVMdaysHowtovirtualizenetworkingandremotestorageaccessHowtoschedule,manageVMsbeyondlocalareanetwork(LAN)domainboundariesnanoHUB.
org2/3/200617onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureApplicationsinGridcomputingGoal:harnesscomputingpowerofdistributeddesktops,servers,clustersComputingasutilityAnalogytopowergridComputinggrid:Outletisthenetworkjack;payperprocessorcycles,storage,bandwidth,applicationtimeusedApplications:Nanoelectronicsonlinesimulation-nanoHUBManyothers:high-energyphysics,hurricanepathprediction,seismicmodeling,proteinsequencing,CADdesign/simulation,renderingfarms,financialanalysis,…VirtualizationfacilitatesmanagementanddeploymentofGridresourcesnanoHUB.
org2/3/200618onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureGridcomputingonvirtualresourcesThreevirtuesofvirtualizationManifolding,polymorphism,multiplexingMultiple,independentvirtualresourcesshareaphysicalresourceVMs:Isolation–improvedsecurityMultipleconcurrentO/Ss–time-sharingIndependentconfiguration–flexibilityApproach:applyvirtualizationmachines,diskstorageandnetworkThenanoHUBandtheunderlyingIn-VIGOmiddlewareApplicationofthesetechniquesresultinaunique,flexiblecyberinfrastructurenanoHUB.
org2/3/200619onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureSummaryVirtualmachinesarebecomingmoreandmorepervasiveinenterpriseanddesktopenvironmentsHardwareandsoftwarevendorsareincreasinglysupportingvirtualizationCompetition–betterproducts,lowerpricesVirtualizationiskeytoaflexiblecomputationalcyberinfrastructurenanoHUBandIn-VIGO:applyvirtualizationtobringonlinesimulationstothenano-*community
org2/3/20061onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureAnOverviewofVirtualizationTechniquesRenatoFigueiredoAdvancedComputingandInformationSystems(ACIS)ElectricalandComputerEngineeringUniversityofFloridaNCN/NMITeamnanoHUB.
org2/3/20062onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureOutlineResourcevirtualization:MotivationsandtechniquesVirtualMachines:past,present,futureApplicationsinGridComputingnanoHUB.
org2/3/20063onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructurePhysicalcomputerProcessor,memory,andI/OHarddiskandnetworkinterfacesarekeycomponentsoftheI/OsubsystemProcessorrunsinstructions.
Memoryholdsdataforfastoperation.
Diskholdsdatainpersistentstate(files,directories).
NetworksupportscommunicationnanoHUB.
org2/3/20064onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureVirtualComputerAvirtualcomputerhasthesame"lookandfeel"asaphysicalcomputerVirtualprocessor,virtualmemory,virtualdiskandvirtualnetworkcardCanrunexactlythesamesoftware(e.
g.
Windows,Linux)Butmultiplevirtualcomputerscantime-shareasinglephysicalcomputer!
LinuxWinXPNetBSDPhysicalmachineVirtualmachinesnanoHUB.
org2/3/20065onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureVirtualMachinesCapableofrunningfull-blownO/SwithinVM"guest"VMwareXenMicrosoftVirtualPCSupportlegacysoftwareAdvantageoverJavaVM,C#CLRVM"Host"VM"Guests"nanoHUB.
org2/3/20066onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureWhyvirtualComputersMotivationsResourcesharingandconsolidation;securityandisolationFamiliarexample:virtualmemoryinmulti-taskO/SsPhysicalmemorysharedbymultipleprocesses;eachprocesshasitsown,independentaddressspaceEaseofmanagementVirtual(software)vs.
physical(hardware)Copying,migration,archival,versioningVirtualizationaddsanextralayerofsecurityandisolationAusercan"crash"orrebootaVMwithoutcompromisingitshost,orotherVMsVMisnotnearlyascomplexasO/SBecausetheyaresmallerandsimpler,theyareharderto'hack'thananO/SDiscoVM:50KlinesofcodeIRIXO/S:millionsoflinesnanoHUB.
org2/3/20067onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureVirtualMachines-VMs"Classic"VMsTechnologytracesbacktotheearly70sLegacyO/SswhichwouldshareexpensivemainframesIBM370-zSeriesVirtualmachinedefined:"Asystem…which…isahardware-softwareduplicateofarealexistingmachine,inwhichanon-trivialsubsetofthevirtualmachine'sinstructionsexecutedirectlyonthehostmachine…"[Goldberg,1971]nanoHUB.
org2/3/20068onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureArchitectureofVMsHowareVMsimplementedCore:virtualmachinemonitor(VMM)softwarePresentsillusionofmachineduplicatetoothersoftwarerunningontopofitVirtualizationoperatesatthe(low)levelofindividualprocessorinstructionsCan"boot"existingoperatingsystems,rununmodifiedapplicationsontopofVMKeyinsighttoachievegoodperformance:RunmostinstructionsdirectlyonhardwareDSameperformanceaswithoutaVMMEmulatefewinstructionsthatrequirespecialhandlingDVirtualizationoverheadnanoHUB.
org2/3/20069onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureExample-performanceExamplequantifyingvirtualizationoverheadfortypicalCPU-intensivescientificapplicationsSpecHPCbenchmarksExperimentalsetup:Physical:dualPentium-III,933MHz,512MBmem,RedHat7.
1,SMPkernelVirtual:VMwareworkstation,128MBmem,RedHat7.
1uniprocessorkernelNativeVMOverheadSPECseis14806s14946s1.
0%SPECclimate9304s9693s4.
2%nanoHUB.
org2/3/200610onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructurePerformanceOverheadscanbelargerwithdiskI/O,networkactivityXenVMMachievesnear-nativeperformanceCPUCPU+I/OCPU+I/O+netBarhametal,"XenandtheArtofVirtualization",SOSP2003nanoHUB.
org2/3/200611onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureVirtualmachinesoftwareSeveralmaturevirtualizationproductsnowavailablefortypicaldesktopsandservers;hereisabriefoverviewVMwarePioneerofproductsbringingVMstoIntel-baseddesktopsandserversProductsWorkstationDEasytoinstallanduse;goodperformanceandseveralfeaturesPlayerDFree!
Can"play"VMscreatedbyWorkstationandESXGSXD"Group"server;moremanagementtoolsESXDEnterpriseserver;higherperformance,severalmanagementfeatures,advancedschedulingFormoreinformationanddownloads:http://www.
vmware.
comnanoHUB.
org2/3/200612onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureVirtualmachinesoftwareMicrosoftAcquiredstart-up(Connectix)andaddedVMstoitslineofproductsPlanstohaveVMsupportaspartoffuturereleasesofWindowsVirtualPCAkintoVMware'sworkstation.
CanrunVMwareVMs(andvice-versa)Unlikeworkstation,doesnotrunontopofLinuxCanrunIntel-basedVMs(e.
g.
Windows)onPowerPC-basedMacsVirtualServerAkintoVMware'sGSXserverFormoreinformation:http://www.
microsoft.
com/Windows/virtualpc/default.
mspxhttp://www.
microsoft.
com/windowsserversystem/virtualserver/default.
mspxnanoHUB.
org2/3/200613onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureVirtualmachinesoftwareXenOpen-sourceVMinitiallydevelopedatCambridgePackaginganddistributionnowhandledbystart-upcompanyXenSourceDesignedtoachievehighperformance"Para-virtualization"techniquestoreducevirtualizationoverheadButpara-virtualizationrequiresoperatingsystemstobemodifiedbeforetheyrunonXenTypically,XenrunsLinux,FreeBSDorNetBSDWithnewIntel/AMDprocessors,XenisbeginningtosupportunmodifiedoperatingsystemsFormoreinformationanddownloads:http://www.
xensource.
comnanoHUB.
org2/3/200614onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureVirtualmachinesoftwareParallelsWorkstationLow-costVMComparabletoVMwareworkstation,WindowsVirtualPCRunsonbothWindowsandLinuxServer,Enterpriseserver:due2006Formoreinformationanddownloads:http://www.
parallels.
comnanoHUB.
org2/3/200615onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureHardwaresupportMuchofthevirtualizationoverheadtodayareduetoprocessorsnotbeingdesignedwithvirtualizationinmindSeminalpaperbyPopek,Goldberg(1974)providesbasicguidelinesEfficientVMMcanbedesignedif:1.
Processorhasprotectionmechanisms,and2.
Privilegedinstructionsthatread/writesystemstatusmustcauseexceptionsifrunatnon-privilegedlevelModernmicroprocessorssupportprotection(condition1)However,secondconditionrarelysatisfiedDE.
g.
Intel'x86':17problematicinstructionsToday,VMsmustuseseveralsoftware'tricks'tocircumventproblematicinstructionsinprocessorssuchasIntel/AMDTomorrow:processorshavebeen/arebeingredesignedtosupportmoreefficientVMsIntelVTindual-core"Yonah";AMD"Pacifica"nanoHUB.
org2/3/200616onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureBeyondasinglehostOnevirtualmachineSinglephysicalmachine(uni/multi-processor);multipleconcurrentO/SsVMmonitors(VMware,Xen)virtualizelocaldevicesInterconnectedVMsEmergingapplicationsnotconsideredinearlyVMdaysHowtovirtualizenetworkingandremotestorageaccessHowtoschedule,manageVMsbeyondlocalareanetwork(LAN)domainboundariesnanoHUB.
org2/3/200617onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureApplicationsinGridcomputingGoal:harnesscomputingpowerofdistributeddesktops,servers,clustersComputingasutilityAnalogytopowergridComputinggrid:Outletisthenetworkjack;payperprocessorcycles,storage,bandwidth,applicationtimeusedApplications:Nanoelectronicsonlinesimulation-nanoHUBManyothers:high-energyphysics,hurricanepathprediction,seismicmodeling,proteinsequencing,CADdesign/simulation,renderingfarms,financialanalysis,…VirtualizationfacilitatesmanagementanddeploymentofGridresourcesnanoHUB.
org2/3/200618onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureGridcomputingonvirtualresourcesThreevirtuesofvirtualizationManifolding,polymorphism,multiplexingMultiple,independentvirtualresourcesshareaphysicalresourceVMs:Isolation–improvedsecurityMultipleconcurrentO/Ss–time-sharingIndependentconfiguration–flexibilityApproach:applyvirtualizationmachines,diskstorageandnetworkThenanoHUBandtheunderlyingIn-VIGOmiddlewareApplicationofthesetechniquesresultinaunique,flexiblecyberinfrastructurenanoHUB.
org2/3/200619onlinesimulationsandmoreWorksupportedbySCI-0438246CyberInfrastructureSummaryVirtualmachinesarebecomingmoreandmorepervasiveinenterpriseanddesktopenvironmentsHardwareandsoftwarevendorsareincreasinglysupportingvirtualizationCompetition–betterproducts,lowerpricesVirtualizationiskeytoaflexiblecomputationalcyberinfrastructurenanoHUBandIn-VIGO:applyvirtualizationtobringonlinesimulationstothenano-*community
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