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251TheAuthor(s)2018T.
Kheangetal.
,PrimarySchoolLeadershipinCambodia,https://doi.
org/10.
1007/978-3-319-76324-8AAbolitionofschoolfees,116,123,128,129Absenteeismofstudents,157Accesstoeducation,31,33,35,72,75,106,111,116,117,119,122–124,130,149,161,164,165,171,193,207,214,218Accesstoschooling,34,107,182Armedconflict,7,32,33,65,86,102,207,215,219ASEANintegration,198,216BBasiclearningresources,112Basicschoolneeds,63Behaviouralleadership,46Behaviouralleadershipstudies,46Bottom-upapproach,152,221Budgetplan,128,152,153CCambodia,2–4,6,9,10,15,29,33,37,65,74–75,85–90,93,94,96,99,105–110,112–117,119–125,127,128,130,131,134,136,143–146,148,149,154,156,158–161,163–166,168,169,171–174,177,182–185,187–189,191,193–197,200,201,203,204,207,213–215,217,220–224,227CambodianEducationSectorSupportProject(CESSP),134Cambodianpolicymakers,197Capacitybuildingfordecentralisation,75,117,171,207Centralisededucationsystems,59ChildFriendlySchoolPolicy,118–119,213Index252IndexChildfriendlyschools,118,124Childsoldiers,32,74Civilwar,2,27,85,86,101,185,186,195Clusterofschools,130Clusterschoolapproach,128,130,131Coalitiongovernment,87,109,136,188,189Colonialadministration,89,97Colonialcurriculum,17,18,23Colonialeducation,7,19–23Colonialinfluence,6,7,17Colonialism,4,6,9,15–20,22,36,85Coloniallanguages,24Colonisers,6,7,16–18,20,21,89Communityinvolvement,24,109,144,215Communitymembers,32,63,107,113,131,135,151,154,155,158,166,170,203,215Complexityofthefinancialprocess,152Compulsoryeducation,90–93Compulsoryprimaryschooleducation,121Conflict-affectedcontexts,30–31Conflict-affectedcountries,30,31,34,65Conflict-affectednations,8,31,37Conflict-affectedsituations,30Conflict-affectedsocieties,7,32,34,181Continuingprofessionalsupport,146Contractteaching,192,194,219Cross-culturalcomparativeapproach,226Culturalrepression,36Curriculum,7,9,17,18,21–24,34,35,59,62,68,69,73,85,87,88,90,95–98,100,101,105,107,111,113,117,118,125,143,157,174–176,178,183,193,196–200,202,207,213–216,222,224Curriculumchanges,176,217Curriculumpolicy,118,175,176,216Curriculumreform,23DDecentralisation,28,127–128Decentralisationofeducation,128,182Decentralised-educationapproach,108Definitionsofleadership,48Destructionofschools,32Developingcountries,10,31,57–64,137,143,144,158,160,166,171,174,177,182,214,221,227Developmentpartners,113,114,117,127,130,214,223Directivebehaviour,47Displacement,7,27,28,33,71,74,181Distributedleadership,1Doublelearning,165Double-shiftteaching,190,192,219253IndexEEducationaladministration,85,207Educationalinfrastructure,108,117,213Educationalleadership,1,4,9,64,75,208,214,227Educationalleadershipandmanagement,9,44–53,64Educationalmanagement,8,65Educationandconflict,8,9,15,29–37,181Educationbudget,57,113,129Educationchange,63,75,97–99,154,159,218,223Educationdecentralisation,63,128Educationdevelopment,7,9,19,21,31,36,69,75,88,96,100–101,109,115,121,126,130,136,195,213Educationfacilities,68EducationforAll(EFA),30,31,34,69,115–116,118,119,121,122,127,171,175,212Educationinfrastructure,7,32,66,102,106,164EducationLaw,117,213Educationleaders,4Educationpersonnel,8,32,33,65,128Educationplanning,100,109,112,114,130Educationpolicies,3,6,17,20–22,74,85,86,101,102,117,120,127,130,207,214,222Educationpolicymakers,135,200Educationprovision,18,32,34,65,67Educationreconstruction,3,8,9,64–66,68–70,110–112,158,175,182,188,200,222Educationreforminitiatives,64Educationreforms,24,64–66,68,147,159,175,222Educationrehabilitation,106,216EducationSectorSupportProgramme(ESSP),115,116,118,119,213Educationstakeholders,68,108,128,131,133,135,185,186,213,222EducationStrategicPlans(ESPs),115–119,127,154,213Educationsystem,2,6–8,15,22,29,32,35,36,64,65,71,72,85,88,90,92,94,96,97,99–101,103,105–108,110,111,113,115,117,119–121,128,130,132,134–136,158,183,195,197,207,213,214Efficiencyofeducation,75,117,171Egalitarianandagrariansociety,103Englishlanguage,24,74,196–199,216Ethniccleansing,27,28Ethnicgroups,34,36,69,124Expansionofeducationservices,189Extraordinarilychallengingcircumstances,70,208FFamilyinfluence,173Financialconstraints,57,107,109,112,144,219254IndexFinancialcontributions,155,183,217Foreignlanguagepolicy,74,195,197,216Formaleducation,18,70,89–90,96–99,103–105,109,116,156,189Formalschooling,111Fragilestates,31Franco-Cambodianprimaryschools,89,94,95Frencheducationmodel,91,99Frenchprotectorateandcolonialperiod,87,136GGenocide,2,4,5,33,86,103,105,109,168,182,185,186,188,189,195,201–204,207,215,216,219Globalisation,21,25,27,28,118Greatmantheory,45Gradualdecentralisationapproach,154Grossenrolment,122HHigherdemonstrationschool,94Historicalbackground,2,10,15,37,85,86,136,143Historyeducation,200–202,216Humancapitaltheory,96Humanitarianassistance,30Humanitarianintervention,30,37IImpediments,217,218,222Impendingthreats,218,219,222Inappropriatepayment,158Inappropriatesalaries,148Inclusiveeducation,24,119,124Inconveniences,215,216,222Indigenousgroups,17Indigenouspeople,19,22Indigenouspopulations,17,21,22Influenceofsocialnetworks,145,218Informalschoolpayments,123Inspection,87,88,90,100,113,114Institutionalisedracism,35Instructionalleadership,1,62,64Intergenerationaldialogue,202,204Internationalcommunities,30,105,108,112,196,207Internationaldevelopmentagenda,199,212Internationalhumanitarianagencies,31Interpersonalskills,200Irregularityinfinancialdistribution,151,152Issues,15,19,22,24,30,143–177,182–204KKhmerlanguage,111,125KhmerRepublic,87,101–103,136KhmerRougeRegime,87,103–105,136Khumschoolmodel,91Knowledge-basedsociety,116LLackofclassrooms,165,166,193Lackofinstructionalmaterials,161,164255IndexLandmines,182,186,187,204,215Languageofinstruction,6–7,17,18,36,61,89,93,95,98,102,183Languagepolicies,68Languagepolicydevelopment,195Leadership,15,25,59–62,64–67,70–75,86–136Leadershipandmanagement,59,61–64,103,127,134,218Leadershipappointment,144,217Leadershipdevelopmentprogramme,135Leadershipeffectiveness,46,51,52Leadershipmodels,47,52Leadershippreparation,9,25,59,144,227Leadershippreparationanddevelopment,9,59–62,144Leadershipstyle,170Leadershiptheory,9,44–52Learningachievements,113,125Learningmaterials,34,58,59,61,93,102,105,109,112,158,161–164,193,199,216,220Legaciesofwars,189Limitedfinancialsupport,150Localsensitivity,222Loweducationattainment,169MManagementandleadership,50Managerialleadership,2Mandatorymanagementtraining,134,135,146,214,223Mandatorymanagementtrainingprogramme,134,135,214Matteroftransferability,220MillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDG),30,31,34,115–117,119,121,171,212Missionaries,18,19Modernisationtheory,96Modernisedprimarywatschools,95Modernstate,26,96Moralleadership,52Multigradeteaching,193,219NNationalcurriculum,175,198,216Nationalcurriculumpolicy,216NationalPlanforEducationforAll,116,117,213Nationalreconstruction,109,201NationalStrategicDevelopmentPlan,160Naturaldisasters,144,156,215Netenrolment,122,123,213Newwars,6,7,9,15,25–29,37OOldwars,6,7,9,15,25–29,37Openeconomy,196Oralhistory,202Organisationallearning,70–72Out-of-schoolchildren,34,124,213PParentalhome-basedinvolvement,167,216Parentalinvolvement,158,166–169,171,215,216Parentalmigration,168,173Parentalresourcing,166,216256IndexParentalschool-basedinvolvement,167,216Participants,145,166–169,186,200,202,203,215,216,218–220,224Participationineducation,97,98,102Peacebuilding,36,188,199,200,204,215Peacebuildingandconflictprevention,199,200,204,215Pedagogicalpreparation,25,144Physicalinfrastructure,5,72,75,86Physicalreconstruction,8,68Pluralisticsocieties,35Policyforcurriculumdevelopment,213Policyformulation,221–222Politicalawareness,105Politicalchanges,85,87,109,118,188,189,196,207Politicaldecentralisation,127Politicalexclusion,35,183Politicalideology,101,195Politicalinfluence,183,204,217Politicalregimes,136Post-colonialcountries,7Postcolonialism,6,20–25Post-colonialismandeducation,20–25Post-colonialnations,21–23,37Post-conflictCambodia,2Post-conflictcontexts,64–66,68,70–74,201,208,227Post-conflictcountries,64,67,71,222Post-conflictsettings,2,8,9,65,69,72,208Post-conflictsocieties,2,8,65,70,200,201,203Post-newwarcontexts,7Poverty,4,5,29,85,168,169Pre-colonialperiod,87,136Pre-determinedfinancialallocations,149Pre-schooleducation,121Pre-servicetraining,120,144,159Primaryschool,15,17,21,23,31,33,34,37Primaryschooleducation,17,21,31,33,58,67,86,89,91,92,94,96,97,99,103,104,106,111,115,117–119,121–125,128,130,131,136,156,157,171,175,177,212,213,217,220PrimaryschoolEnglishcurriculum,197Primaryschoolleaders,2,3,10,15,136,143,156,177,182,208,214,215,217,220,221Primaryschoolleadership,2,86,136Primaryschoollevel,2,3,10,75,111,115,123,127,136,137,143–146,148,154,167,171,172,174,177,178,182,185,186,190,192,194,197,198,201,202,204,207,214,216,221Primaryschoolteachers,33,58,93,99,125,160,191,198PriorityActionProgramme(PAP),128,149Professionalandpersonalnetworks,152Professionaldevelopment,4,61,120,129,150,158–160,198,214,218,223–224257IndexProfessionaldevelopmentprogrammes,224Professionalpreparation,61,109,144,146,147,218Professionalpreparationanddevelopment,61,109,144,147,218Professionalsupport,144,146,147,159,160,218,223Programme-BasedBudget(PB),129,149Provisionofeducation,7,18,32,34,85,117Psychologicaleffects,67,74,182Psychologicalreconstruction,8Psychologicaltrauma,32,65,72,74,182,185,204,215Publicexpenditure,112,128Publicfora,203Purposiveselection,4QQualityofeducation,75,110,111,116,117,122,125,130,149,182,189,192,207,214,218,227Qualityofleadership,45RReconstructionofeducation,65,67,70,186Reconstructionoftheeducationsystem,109Recruitmentanddeploymentoftheteachers,191Rehabilitationoftheeducationsystem,107Researchdesign,220Revolutionaryideology,105SSchooladministration,90,100,127,134,143,182,213Schoolattendance,33,92,97Schoolattendancerates,33School-basedmanagement,61,63,128,132,213Schoolclusterapproach,131,213Schoolculture,71Schoolcurriculum,23,34,35,87,118,197,200,217Schooldevelopmentplans,62,121,133,155,156,215Schooldropout,34,124Schooleffectiveness,1,214,223Schoolenrolment,33,106,123,133Schoolfacilities,34,58,63,66,111,124,157,158,165,193Schoolfinance,62Schoolfinancialreforms,149Schoolimprovement,59,71,100,135,151,156,169,170,186SchoolImprovementGrant(SIG),151Schoolinfrastructure,100,109,158,164,165,219Schoolingsystem,17,24,74Schoolinspection,100Schoolleaders,15,60,62,70,71,73Schoolleadership,1–4,6,9,25,60,62,64,71,85–87,89,100,105,108,115,118,127,134,136,144,145,207,213,214,217,218,221,227258IndexSchoolleadershipandmanagement,127,219Schoolleadershipappointments,59School-levelstakeholders,58,132,134,149,151–154,158,182,184,194,200,214,217,219,222Schooloperationalbudgets,129,213Schooloperationbudget,129,150,151Schoolprincipals,58–63,74,75,100,101,109,113,127,129,134–136,143–156,158,159,161–174,177,183,184,191–194,198–200,202,214–219,222–224Schoolrehabilitation,158Schoolstakeholders,63,132Schoolsupportcommittees(SSC),132,133,152,154–156Schoolingsystem,17,24,74Secondaryschooleducation,21,58,70,99,103,104,106,111,121,175,189Secularschools,93Segregatededucation,35Semi-structuredinterviews,4Sexualviolence,33Shortageofschoolfacilities,61,99Shortageofteachers,93,95,107,122,145,190,194Shortageoftextbooks,161,162Sihanoukregime,87,136Socialcohesion,30,67,68,88,201Socialdivisions,181Socialjustice,30,36,181,200SSC,seeSchoolsupportcommitteesStrategies,3,10,24,30,32,67,68,74–75,85,106,108,110,115–117,120,127,128,136,158,165,169,191,207,208,214,219,222,227Student-centredlearning,119Studentdropout,34,62,72,109,122,131,158,172,173Studentenrolment,33,66,106Studentlearning,1,59,70,133,161,162,213Studentlearningachievement,1,161,213Supportivebehaviour,47TTeacherabsenteeism,161Teachereducation,69,113,118,189Teacherlearning,70,72Teacherpolicy,119–120,135,213Teacherpreparationanddevelopment,69Teacherprofessionalism,73Teachers,8,9,32,33,58–62,65,66,68,69,71–74,91,93–95,99–101,104–106,109,111,113,114,120,122,125,126,129,130,135,136,144,145,148,152,154–156,158–161,164,166,167,169,171,172,176,177,183–185,188–195,197,198,203,204,213,215–220,222,223Teachershortage,189,191–194,219Teachertrainingcentres,159Teachingandlearning,58,59,61,85,93,95,100,102,105,259Index109,112,134,143,158,161,164,172,178,182,185,188,193,197,199,204,207,214–219Teachingandlearningresources,161,199Teachingapproaches,9,68,69,160Teachinghours,98,100,125,126Teachingofhistory,36,69,183,200,202,203,216Teachingofsuchhistory,201Technicalskills,132Tertiaryeducation,58,121Thickdescription,220Top-downapproach,222Traditionaleducation,19,90,99Traittheory,45,46Transactionalleadership,1Transformationalleadership,1Triplelearningshift,165UUnder-qualifiedteachers,8,65,72Unexplodedordinances,186–187Universalprimaryeducation,34,58,116,121,123,124,171,212Unofficialschoolfees,75VViolentconflict,7,8,25,29,30,35,114,181,186,189,195,200Vision,45,48–50,116,120,135,170WWar-affectedcountries,31Watschooleducation,87,88,90,91Workingconditions,144,147,148,190,217,219