英语2020-2021学年陕西西安市长安区第一中学高一上学期期中考试英语试题(解析版)

期中考试试卷

陕西西安市长安区第一中学2020-2021学年高一上学期期中

考试

英语试题

第I卷满分100分

第一部分听力(共两节满分30分)

略

第二部分阅读理解(共两节满分40分)

第一节(共15小题每小题2分满分30分)

阅读下列短文从每题所给的A、 B、 C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

There is an old saying that America and Britain are “two nations divided by a commonlanguage.”No one knows exactly who said this, but it reflects the way many Brits feel aboutAmerican English.But are American and British English really so different?

Vo cabulary

The most obvious difference between American and British English is vocabulary.There arehundreds of everyday words that are different.For example,Americans go on vacation while Britsgo on holidays;New Yorkers live in apartments while Londoners live in flats.There are far moreexamples than we can talk about here.Fortunately,most Americans and Brits can usually guessthe meaning through the c ontext of a s entenc e.

Past Tense Verbs

You’ll also find some differences with past forms of irregular verbs.The past tense of“learn”in American English is “learned”.British English has the option(选择) of“learned”or “learnt”.The same rule applies to“dreamed”and“dreamt”, “burned”and“burnt”,and“leaned”and“leant”.Americ ans tend to use the-ed ending;Br its tend to use the-t ending.

Spelling

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There are hundreds of slight spelling differences between British and American English.Noah Webster, an author,politician and teacher,made an effort to reform English spelling in thelate 1700s.

Webster wanted to spell words the way they sounded.You can see Webster’s legacy(遗产) inthe American spelling of words like color (from colour),honor (from honour), and labor(fromlabour).

Not So DifferentAfterAll

British and American English have far more similarities than differences.With the exceptionof some regional dialects,most Brits and Americans can understand each other without too muchdifficulty.They watch each other’s TV shows, sing each other’s songs and read each other’s books.They even make fun of each others’accents.

1.Which of the following is a group ofAmerican words?

A.Vac ation;holiday. B.Apartment;flat.

C.Vac ation;apartment. D.Holiday;flat.

2.What do we know about British and American English from the last paragraph?

A.They both have some strange words.

B.They are affecting people using them.

C.They connect people of the two countries.

D.Their differenc es have little effect on communication.

3.What can be the best title for the text?

A.Ways to tell British English from American English

B.Differences between British and American English

C.Development of British and American English

D.Difficulty for Brits and Americans to understand each other

『答案』 1.C 2.D 3.B

『解析』

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从词汇过去时态拼写三方面介绍了美式英语和英式英语的不同并且还说明美式英语和英式英语也有很多相似之处。

『1题详解』

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细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For example,Americans go on vacation while Brits go onholidays;New Yorkers live in ap artments while Londoners live in flats.”例如美国人度假用vac ation而英国人度假用holid ays纽约人住公寓用apartments而伦敦人住公寓用flats。可知vac ation和apartment都是美国人用的词汇故选C。

『2题详解』

细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“British and American English have far more similaritiesthan differences.With the exception of some regional dialects,most Brits and Americans canunderstand each other without too much difficulty.They watch each other’s TV shows, sing eachother’s songs and read each other’s books.They even make fun of each other’s’accents.”可知英式英语和美式英语的相似之处远远多于不同点。除了一些地方方言外大多数英国人和美国人能毫不费力地听懂对方的话。他们看彼此的电视节目唱彼此的歌读彼此的书。他们甚至拿彼此的口音开玩笑。由此可知英式英语和美式英语有很多相似之处除了一些方言两国人沟通是没有障碍的故选D。

『3题详解』

主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“But are American and British English really so different?”但是美式英语和英式英语真的有那么大的不同吗?以及下文三段从词汇过去时态和拼写三方面不同。可知文章的主题就是介绍美式英语和英式英语的不同。 B项“英式英语和美式英语的不同之处”可作为本文最佳标题。故选B。

『点睛』标题猜测题。主旨大意题的一种标题应位于文章之首概括文章内容 点明文章主题。它可以是单词短语或句子。确定文章标题第一标题要与主题密切相关其次看标题是否能概括全文内容不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节第三标题范围不应太大或太小最后标题应新颖概括性强并且精炼。小题3中B选项概括文中主旨大意与主题密切相关故选B项。

B

Johna very thin boy, loved football with all his heart when he was very youngPractic e afterpractice he eagerly gave everything he had But being half the size of the other boys he couldonly sit on the bench and hardly ever played in games Even though the son was always on thebench his father was always standing with cheers and encouraging him

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When John went to college  he decided to try out for the football team as a“walk-on” Everyone was sure he could never make the cut but he did The coach thought hecould provide the other members with the spirit they needed

The news that he had survived the cut excited him so much that he rushed to the nearestphone and c alled his fatherHis father shared his excitement and was sent season tickets for all thecollege games

It was the end of this last football season One day John received a telegram and asked oneweek off Nobody knew what happened except the coach The coach said “Don't plan to comeback to the game on Saturday ”

Saturday arrived and the game was not going wellWhen the team was ten points behindJohn came back “Coach please let me play I’ve just got to play today,”said John The coachpretended not to hear himBut John persistedand finally feeling sorry for the kid the coach gavein

Before long everyone could not believe their eyes. John was doing everything to fight.Theopposing team could not stop him.He ran,he passed and blocked like a star.And at last his teamwon the game

After the game John looked at the coachwith tears in his eyes and said “Well,you knewmy dad died,but did you know that my dad was blind?' 'John swallowed hard and forced a smile,“Dad came to all my games,but today was the first time he could see me play, and I wanted toshow him that I could do it.”

4.Why did John hardly have any chance to play in games?

A.Because he had no time to practice

B.Because he was too young to play games

C.Because everyone looked down upon him

D.Because his body condition was not good

5. The underlined phrase “make the cut” in the second paragraph can be replaced by“ “

A.make progress B.be allowed to join the team

C. cut himself D.be refused bythe coach

6.From the text we can know that 

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A. John felt very depressed as a“walk-on”

B. John's father always taught him how to play

C. John's father went to most of his college games

D. the coach was sure John would be the best player one day

7.This story tells us that .

A. a burden of one’s choice is not felt B.better to do well than to say well

C. all roads lead to Rome D.where there is a will there is a way

『答案』 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.D

『解析』

这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了约翰尽管受到身体条件的限制但仍然热爱着足球虽然只是一名板凳球员但父亲时刻在鼓励着他。上大学之后约翰积极努力争取成为了一名临时球员这让每个人都很吃惊足球赛季末他收到了家里的电报父亲去世了。但是比赛当天约翰返回了球场请求教练能给予他上场的机会教练最终同意了。他帮助球队力挽狂澜最终球队获得了胜利 同时向死去的父亲证明自己能行。

『4题详解』

细节理解题。 由第一段“But being half the size of the other boys he could only sit on thebench and hardly ever played in games”可知但是由于他的体型几乎是其他男孩的一半大小只能成为板凳球员很少参加比赛。所以为什么约翰几乎没有机会参加比赛的原因是因为他的身体条件不好。故D选项正确。

『5题详解』

词义猜测题。 由第二段“When John went to college he decided to try out for the footballteam as a“walk-on”可知 当约翰上大学时他决定参加足球队的选拔赛成为一名临时球员。所以判断出第二段中带下划线的短语“make the cut”可替换为be allowed to join theteam“被允许加入球队”。故B选项正确。

『6题详解』

推理判断题。 由最后一段“Well,you knew my dad died,but did you know that my dad wasblind?'Dad came to all my games,but today was the first time he could see me play”可知你知道我爸爸死了,但是你知道我爸爸是个盲人吗爸爸来看了我所有的比赛但今天是他第一次看我踢一场完整的足球赛我想让他知道我能行。约翰是一个临时球员几乎没有上场的

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机会。爸爸来看了他所有的比赛但是爸爸去世了没有看到他赛季末的比赛。所以推断出约翰的爸爸参加观看了他大部分的大学足球比赛。故C选项正确。

『7题详解』

主旨大意题。通读全文可知短文叙述了约翰尽管受到身体条件的限制但仍然热爱着足球虽然只是一名板凳球员但父亲时刻在鼓励着他。上大学之后约翰积极努力争取成为了一名临时球员这让每个人都很吃惊足球赛季末他收到了家里的电报父亲去世了。但是比赛当天约翰返回了球场请求教练能给予他上场的机会教练最终同意了。他帮助球队力挽狂澜最终球队获得了胜利同时向死去的父亲证明自己能行。所以这个故事告诉我们“有志者事竟成”的道理 同时也是短文的主旨大意。故D选项正确。

C

Young sunflowers turn and swing every day.New findings add to evidenc e that the plants areanimal-like.

Harmer, a professor in the University of California at Davis,Department of Plant Biology,carried out a series of experiments on sunflowers in the field, in pots outdoors and in indoorgrowth chambers.

By staking plants so that they could not move,Harmer showed that he could destroy theirability to track the sun.He also noticed that sunflowers prevented from moving were not as toughand leafy as those that were free to move.When plants were moved indoor with a settled overheadlight, they continued to swing back and forth for a few days.

The indoor plants did start tracking the“sun”again when the apparent source of lighting wasmoved across the room.The plants could reliab ly track the movement and return at night when theartificial day was close to a 24-hourcycle,but not when it was closer to 30 hours.

When sunflowers track the sun, the east sides of their stems grew more rapidly than the westsides.At night, the west sides grew faster as the stem swung the other way.The team identified anumber of genes that were expressed at higher levels on the sunward side of the plant during theday or on the other side at night.A plant growth-regulating hormone(激素), called auxin,appearsto be a key driver.

The “dance” to the sun cycle obviously slows when the sunflower matures (成熟) and itsflowers open up.At that point, the plants stop moving during the day and settle down facing thesun in the east.

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“Bees like warm flowers.”Harmer said,adding that the bees are cold-blooded, so landing ona warm flower saves them energy and perhaps feels really good.

“The morning warmth changes the flowers in a way to make them more appealing to insects,perhaps causing them to release more attractive scents earlier in the day.”he said“We’re currentlytesting this idea.”

8.Why did Harmer do the experiment on sunflowers?

A.To see how sunflowers grow up.

B.To show what sunflowers’genes are.

C.To study why sunflowers track the sun.

D.To check if sunflowers swing in cloudy days.

9.What does the underlined word“staking”probably mean in Paragraph 3?

A.Tracking. B.Fining.

C.Growing. D. Searching.

10.What is the result of sunflowers being stopped from moving?

A.They will produce a number of new genes.

B.They will grow faster than usual.

C.They won’t swing back though set free.

D.They won’t grow well.

11.What is the advantage of sunflow ers’danc e to the sun?

A.They attract more insects.B.They save more energy.

C.They mature more rapidly.D.They produce more flowers.

『答案』 8.C 9.B 10.D 11.A

『解析』

本文是一篇说明文。年轻的向日葵每天都在旋转和摇摆。新的发现进一步证明这些植物与动物相似。本文介绍向日葵随着太阳转动的原因。

『8题详解』

推理判断题。根据第五段When sunflowers track the sun, the east sides of their stems grewmore rapidly than the west sides.At night, the west sides grew faster as the stem swung the otherway.The team identified a number of genes that were expressed at higher levels on the sunwardside of the plant during the day or on the other side at night.A plant growth-regulating hormone

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(激素),called auxin,appears to be a key driver.(当向日葵沿着太阳生长时其茎的东侧比西侧生长得更快。到了晚上随着茎杆向另一边摆动西边长得更快了。研究小组发现了一些基因这些基因白天在植物向阳的一侧表达水平较高而晚上则在植物的另一侧表达水平较高。植物生长调节激素生长素似乎是一个关键的驱动因素)可知 Harmer用向日葵做实验的目的是研究向日葵为什么会追踪太阳。故选C。

『9题详解』

词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句By staking plants so that they could not move,Harmershowed that he could destroy their ability to track the sun.(通过staking植物 目的是它们不能移动Harmer认为他可以摧毁他们的太阳跟踪的能力)可推知Harmer把植物固定住了 由此可知划线词意为“固定捆绑”。故选B。

『 10题详解』

推理判断题。根据第三段第二句He also noticed that sunflowers prevented from movingwere not as tough and leafy as those that were free to move.(他还注意到被阻止移动的向日葵不像那些可以自由移动的向日葵那样坚硬和多叶)可知 向日葵被阻止移动后不能很好地生长。故选D。

『 11题详解』

细节理解题。根据最后一段中的The morning warmth changes the flowers in a way to makethem more appealing to insects,perhaps causing them to release more attractive scents earlier inthe day.(早晨的温暖在某种程度上改变了花朵使它们对昆虫更有吸引力可能导致它们在一天的早些时候释放出更有吸引力的气味)可知 向日葵迎着太阳跳舞的好处是它们能吸引更多的昆虫。故选A。

『名师点睛』做推理判断题时切不可脱离语境想当然。在句子或段落中我们可以利用熟悉的词语根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。特别注意划线部分前后的内容。本题第2小题根据第三段第一句By staking plants so that they could not move,Harmer showedthat he could destroy their ability to track the sun.通过staking植物 目的是它们不能移动Harmer认为他可以摧毁他们的太阳跟踪的能力。 由此可知是把植物固定住故选B。

D

Learning Chinese could be one of the most important decisions you ever make.Chinese isbecoming the language to learn in the 21 st century.With the world’s largest population and arapidly growing middle class,China stands to become the engine of the world’s economy in the

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期中考试试卷coming years.This will make learning Chinese very important for people in many industries, orfor those of us who wish to visit China or learn from its culture and history.

There is an ongoing effort to modernize the writing system and standardize the language.Anincreasing number of people learning Chinese are learning the Mandarin, so unless you absolutelyneed to learn another dialect (such as Cantonese),be sure you are studying Mandarin.

For native English speakers Chinese is one of the most difficult and most different languagesto learn.The vocabulary is wholly unfamiliar and unlike anything we know. In addition, in theChinese tone system,words are spoken in rising or falling tones,which help to distinguishbetween them. Furthermore, there is the Chinese writing system--- a collection of thousands ofindividual ideograms (表意文字), or symbols,which represent a word or an idea. Theseideograms have no phonetic value---that is to say,we can’t tell how the word is pronounced byhow it is written.There is a method to present written Chinese in a phonetic script called pinyin. I fyou are learning Chinese, you’ll be working with this pinyin system, but the beauty of thetraditional writing system shouldn’t be passed up.All these factors make learning Chinese difficultfor us.Yet,for a determined learner, there’s always a way to overcome it.

12.Learning Chinese is becoming more and more important,because______.

A.Chinese engines are very welcome

B.China has the world’s largest population

C. there are more and more rich people in China

D.China has become important to the world economy

13.From the text we can learn that___________.

A. the author thinks Chinese is as difficult as English

B. the author is interested in the Chinese language and its culture

C. foreign languages can play a great role in industrial development

D. as long as the pinyin system is learned well,one can learn Chinese well

14.The last paragraph mainly tells us about____________.

A. the difficulties of learning Chinese

B. the advantages of learning Chinese

C. the Chinese tone system

D. the Chinese writing system

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