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1EnvironmentPUBLICPROCUREMENTFORACIRCULARECONOMYGoodpracticeandguidance2GETTINGINTOUCHWITHTHEEUInpersonAllovertheEuropeanUniontherearehundredsofEuropeDirectInformation!
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Shutterstock3CONTENTSIntroduction4VVVPublicprocurementwithinacirculareconomy:VVVCircularpublicprocurement4VVVThepolicycontextforacirculareconomy5Circularprocurementinpractice6VVVModelsofcircularprocurement6VVVOrganisationalpolicyforcircularprocurement6VVVStrategicthinking8VVVMarketengagement13VVVCircularprocurementrequirements14VVVEvaluation16VVVIn-usephaseandcontractmanagement17Resourcesandinitiatives184INTRODUCTIONAstheworldpopulationincreasesandeconomiesrelyprogressivelymoreonoutsideresourcestomeettheirdemandforenergy,waterandfoodamongothers,communitiesareSLBCPCLMPKMSQNPCQQSPCRMLBRFCQCPCQMSPACQLBAAMKKMBRCUQRCLBCKGQQGMLQWithinthecurrentlinearproductionandconsumptioneconomicmodel,onlyasmallshareofwasteproducedisreused,recycledortradedassecondarymaterials.
Thevastmajority,GLAJSBGLETJS@JCLBQAPACKRCPGJQEMCQRMJLBJJMPGQGLAGLCPRCB1'LJGEFRMDLGRCPCQMSPACMUQCAMLMKGCQUGJJLMJMLECP@C@JCRMPCJWMLRFCQCJGLCPNPMBSARGMLLBconsumptionmodels.
Acirculareconomyisanalternativetothismodel.
ItaimstokeepproductsandmaterialsinthevaluechainforalongerperiodandtorecoverrawmaterialsCPRFCJGDCRGKCMDNPMBSARQDMPRFCGPLCVRSQC1.
Wastepotential!
Towardscirculareconomyincities,16thEuropeanForumonEco-innovation(2014).
Availableat:http://ec.
europa.
eu/environment/archives/ecoinnovation2014/1st_forum/pdf/ecoap-16th-report.
pdf2.
Furtherinformationonpublicprocurementavailableat:http://ec.
europa.
eu/growth/index_en3.
Furtherinformationavailableat:http://ec.
europa.
eu/environment/circular-economy/index_en.
htm4.
Criteriadevelopedtofacilitateinclusionofgreenrequirementsinpublictenderdocuments.
Availableat:http://ec.
europa.
eu/environment/gpp/eu_gpp_criteria_en.
htmPUBLICPROCUREMENTWITHINACIRCULARECONOMY:CIRCULARPUBLICPROCUREMENTPublicprocurementreferstotheprocessbywhichpublicauthorities,suchasgovernmentdepartments,regionalandlocalauthoritiesorbodiesgovernedbypubliclaw,purchaseworks,goodsorservicesfromcompanies.
2%PCCLNS@JGANPMASPCKCLR%.
.
GQBCLCB@WtheEUas"aprocesswherebypublicauthoritiesseektoprocuregoods,servicesandworkswithareducedenvironmentalimpactthroughouttheirlifecyclewhencomparedtogoods,servicesandShutterstock5workswiththesameprimaryfunctionthatwouldotherwisebeprocured"(COM(2008)pg.
400"Publicprocurementforabetterenvironment").
Toprocureinanenvironmentally-friendlywayinvolveslookingbeyondshort-termneedsandconsideringthelonger-termimpactsofeachpurchase.
Thisincludesquestioningwhetherapurchaseshouldbemadeatall.
Circularpublicprocurementisanapproachtogreeningprocurementwhichrecognisestherolethatpublicauthoritiescanplayinsupportingthetransitiontowardsacirculareconomy.
CircularNPMASPCKCLRAL@CBCLCBQRFCNPMACQQ@Wwhichpublicauthoritiespurchaseworks,goodsorservicesthatseektocontributetoclosedenergyandmaterialloopswithinsupplychains,whilstminimising,andinthebestcaseavoiding,negativeenvironmentalimpactsandwastecreationacrosstheirwholelife-cycle.
THEPOLICYCONTEXTFORACIRCULARECONOMYTheEUActionPlanfortheCircularEconomy(2015)3hasestablishedaconcreteandambitiousprogrammeofactionwhichwillhelpto'closetheloop'ofproductlifecycles.
Itproposesactionstokeepresourcesintheeconomyandretainthevalueoftheseresources,whichwillcontributetowardsdeliveryofasustainable,lowcarbon,PCQMSPACCAGCLRLBAMKNCRGRGTCCAMLMKW2FGQplanrecognisespublicprocurementasakeydriverinthetransitiontowardsthecirculareconomy,anditsetsoutseveralactionswhichtheEuropeanCommissionwilltaketofacilitatetheintegrationofcirculareconomyprinciplesinGPP.
TheseincludeemphasisingcirculareconomyaspectsinneworupdatedsetsofEUGPPCriteria4,supportingahigheruptakeofGPPamongEuropeanpublicbodies,andleadingbyexampleinitsownprocurementandinEUfunding.
CircularpublicprocurementalsohasaroletoplayinachievingtheSustainableDevelopmentGoals,BCLCB@WRFC3LGRCB,RGMLQECLBDMPSustainableDevelopment.
Inparticular,Goal12-ResponsibleConsumptionandProduction-includesQNCAGARPECRMLNPMKMRGLENS@JGANPMASPCKCLRpracticesthataresustainable,inaccordancewithnationalpoliciesandpriorities.
Inaddition,severalcountries,regions,andcitieshavebeendevelopingtheirowncirculareconomyQRPRCEGCQLBNS@JGANSPAFQGLEGQMCLCKNFQGQCBbytheseasanessentialtoolforencouragingthetransitiontoacirculareconomy.
BENEFITSOFCIRCULARPROCUREMENT"Inacirculareconomy,carbondioxideemissionswouldhalveby2030andresourceconsumptionbycars,constructionmaterials,realestateland,syntheticfertilizer,pesticides,wateruse,fuelsandnon-renewableelectricitycoulddropby32%by2030and53%by2050,comparedwithtoday".
5Acirculareconomywillretainmorehighvaluematerialsintheeconomy,increasetheresilienceofcompaniesandeconomiestoexternalshocks,incentiviseinnovationandsupportlocallabourmarkets.
Ataglobalscale,ithasanestimatedpotentialtoadd$1trilliontotheglobaleconomyby2025andcreate100,000LCUHM@QUGRFGLRFCLCVRTCyears.
6Publicprocurementcanplayakeyroleintransitioningtoacirculareconomy.
Including'circularprinciples'intoprocurementpracticescanhelppublicsectorbuyerstakeamoreholisticapproachtoQSQRGL@GJGRWDPMKRFCPQRstagesofaprocurementtotheendofproductlife-whilealsoachievingpotentialsavings.
5.
FromRhetorictoReality:TheCircularEconomyIndexofDutchBusinesses(2016).
Availableat:FRRNQKTMLCBCPJLBLJQGRCQBCDSJRJCQKCBG!
GPASJP#AMLMKW'LBCVNBD6.
TowardstheCircularEconomy:Acceleratingthescale-upacrossglobalsupplychains(2014).
Availableat:http://www3.
weforum.
org/docs/WEF_ENV_TowardsCircularEconomy_Report_2014.
pdf6CIRCULARPROCUREMENTINPRACTICEWhenapplyingcircularprocurementinanorganisation,thereareanumberofconsiderationstomake.
Thissectionprovidesanoverviewofthepracticalapproachesthatcanhelptoembedcircularityintoprocurementprocesses.
MODELSOFCIRCULARPROCUREMENTTherearethreetypesor'levels'ofmodelsforGKNJCKCLRGLEAGPASJPNPMASPCKCLR2FCPQRGQRthe'systemlevel',whichconcernsthecontractualmethodsthatthepurchasingorganisationcanusetoensurecircularity.
Thisrangesfromsuppliertake-backagreements,wherethesupplierreturnstheproductattheendofitslifeinordertore-use,remanufactureorrecycleit,toproductservicesystems,wherethecontractprovidesbothservicesandproducts.
Anexampleofaproductservicesystemisaprintingcontractusingapay-per-copymodel,inwhichthesupplierprovidesallequipment,repairs,replacementsandtrainingratherthansimplysellingcopysupplies.
The'supplierlevel'modeldescribeshowsupplierscanbuildcircularityintotheirownsystemsandprocesses,inordertoensuretheproductsandQCPTGACQRFCWMCPKCCRAGPASJPNPMASPCKCLRAPGRCPG'Productlevel'isrelatedtothis,butisfocusedsolelyontheproductsthatsupplierstopublicauthoritiesmaythemselvesprocurefurtherdownthesupplychain.
ItisimportantwhenundertakingcircularprocurementthatboththesuppliersystemsandNPMBSARRCAFLGAJQNCAGARGMLQPCAMLQGBCPCBCIRCULARPROCUREMENTMODELS1.
Systemlevel.
PMBSARQCPTGACQWQRCK.
S@JGA.
PGTRC.
PRLCPQFGN!
MMNCPRGMLUGRFMRFCPvvlorganisationsonsharingvvlandreuse0CLRJCQC1SNNJGCPRIC@AIvvlsystemsincludingreuse,vvlrecycling,refurbishmentvvlandremanufacturing2.
SupplierLevel1SNNJGCPRIC@AIQWQRCK"CQGELRMBGQQQCK@JW0CNP@GJGRWMDQRLBPBvvlproducts#VRCPLJPCSQCQJCMDvvlproducts'LRCPLJPCSQCvvlofproducts3.
Product+RCPGJQGLRFCNPMBSARvvlAL@CGBCLRGCB.
PMBSARQAL@CvvlBGQQQCK@JCBCPSQC0CAWAJ@JCKRCPGJQ0CQMSPACCAGCLAWLBvvlTotalCostofOwnership0CAWAJCBKRCPGJQORGANISATIONALPOLICYFORCIRCULARPROCUREMENTCreatingacircularprocurementpolicyorincorporatingcirculareconomyprinciplesintoexistingGPPorsustainablepublicprocurement1.
.
NMJGAWAL@CLCCARGTCPQRQRCNRMCLQSPGLEitisvisibleasapriority.
ItisimportantthatsuchNMJGAGCQBCLCWhatcircularprocurementmeanswithinthecontextofyourorganisation(Source:SPPRegionsBestPracticeReport)77.
Moreinformationavailableat:http://ec.
europa.
eu/environment/gpp/pdf/news_alert/Issue74_Case_Study_148_Nantes.
pdf8.
Moreinformationavailableat:FRRNUUUQANAJCPGLEFMSQCMPEQGRCQBCDSJRJCQCLE=EPCCL=BCJ=AGPASJP=NPMASPCKCLR=KEXGLCNBDIntegratingcirculareconomyintoprocurementpolicyinNantes,FranceAspartofNantes'ResponsiblePurchasingPromotionScheme(RPPS),themetropolitancouncilcreated11'ActionSheets'forProcurement,includingoneontheCircularEconomy.
Thispresentsaclearandsimplebreak-downofthepolicyareaswhichthecirculareconomycontributestoandwhathasbeenachievedtodate.
Italsoprovidesthestrategicdirectionandoperationaltargetsforincorporatingcirculareconomyintoprocurement,andsetsperformancetargetstobeachievedby2020.
Forexample,bymeetingoperationaltargetssupportingdemonstrationprojects,optimisingcollectionofsmallequipmentandbiowaste,andincorporatinglife-cycleassessmentsintoprocurement,Nantesaimstocontributetoenvironmentaltargetsatthenationalandlocalgovernmentlevel.
7PilotingcircularprocurementintheNetherlandsIn2013,theDutchGovernmentestablishedtheCircularProcurementGreenDealtoacceleratethetransitiontoacirculareconomy.
Thisprogrammebroughttogether45publicandprivateparties,andtaskedeachofthemwithcarryingouttwocircularprocurementinitiativesinordertoincreaseexperience,shareinsights,andcreateapoolofgoodpractice.
Overthreeyears,80circularprocurementpilotswereconductedandtheirlessonsshared.
ThesuccessofthisprogrammeresultedintheDutchGovernmentplacingspecialemphasisoncircularprocurementandtheconsiderationoflife-cyclecostsinits2016RoadmaptoaCircularEconomy.
Moreover,itincludedanaimtoraisetheproportionofcircularprocurementto10%by2020.
8Whatproducts,servicesordepartmentsitappliestoWhattargets,prioritiesandtimeframesareinplace,andhowthesearemonitoredWhatotheractivities,suchastraining,support,andcommunicationstrategies,areorwillbeputinplaceWhoisresponsibleforimplementingthepolicyThereareopportunitiestoincorporatecircularprinciplesintothevastmajorityofprocurement-relatedworkhowever,itmaybehelpfultoGLRPMBSACRFCKEPBSJJWRPQR2FGQALNPMTGBCanopportunitytotestapproachesandprovideanexampletootherdepartments,makingafullroll-outRJRCPQRECCQGCP'RALJQM@CKMPCCCARGTCtofocusinitialresourceson'lowhangingfruit'.
Shutterstock8STRATEGICTHINKING-LCMDRFCPQRNPARGAJQRCNQRMUPBQAGPASJPprocurementistoconsiderstrategicallyhowitcanbeintegratedintoexistingprocurementpracticesandsystems.
Considerwhicharethecriticalpointswithinatypicalprocurementprocessandwhatkindofcircularprocurementprinciplesandpracticesmakemostsense.
WhatroledoprocurementpractitionershaveGLBMNRGLEAGPASJPNPARGACQLBUFRGLSCLACBMCQthepublicauthorityhaveonbiddersWhatisthescopeMDRFCAGPASJPNPMASPCKCLRAPGRCPGLBQNCAGARGMLQRethinkneedJMEGAJPQRQRCNGL@CAMKGLEKMPCAGPASJPGQidentifyingneeds.
Thisincludesasking:'whatisactuallyneeded','doesthisrequireapurchaseofaproduct,orcanitbeprovidedasaservice','issoleownershiporaccessnecessary,orcanownershipbeshared'ElementsofprocurementpracticesthatrequireaAFLECMDRFGLIGLEGLMPBCPRMQFGRMAGPASJPKMBCJQandpracticesinclude:ConsideringaserviceinsteadofbuyingaproductFocusonproductdesign,itsusephaseandend-of-life(usingbuy-sellback,buy-resellandProductServiceSystems)Engagingwithsuppliersandthewidermarkettoidentifycircularsolutions-CLUFRGQLCCBCBGQLMRQNCAGANPMBSAR@SRthefunctionitprovides.
Productservicesystemsallowsupplierstopoolproductstosatisfymorecustomerneedswithfewerunits,therebyreducingtheenvironmentalimpactsofproduction.
TheycanGLACLRGTGQCQSNNJGCPQRMGLAPCQCCAGCLAWGLMPBCPRMreduceoperatingcosts.
Andtheycanincentiviseuserstodecreaseusage,inordertosavecosts.
9'LCPLGLGRGJNGJMRNCPGMBPCKCLQSenateDepartmentforEnvironment,ConstructionandTransportmanagedtoreduceitsCO2emissionsfrombusiness-relatedtravelwhilealsoloweringcostsbyreplacingitsownCCRMDTCFGAJCQUGRFKCK@CPQFGNRMJMAJcar-sharingservice.
TheDepartmentpreviouslyMULCBMPJCQCBCCRMDAPQ@SRRFCutilisationratewaslow,withmostcarsusedlessthanthreehoursaday.
Byswitchingtoalocalcar-sharingservicewithanonlinebookingQWQRCKPCKCLFQAACQQRMKMPCCVG@JCLBCAGCLRCCRMDTCFGAJCQGLAJSBGLECJCARPGAvehicles,andsavesoncostsintermsofservicing,NPIGLEDCCQLBQRKLECKCLRRGKC10Shutterstock+MTGLE2MUPBQ.
CPDMPKLACQCB1NCAGARGMLQGL.
S@JGA.
PMASPCKCLR''1"TGJ@JCRFRRNQUUUGGQBMPEQGRCQBCDSJRJCQNS@JGARGMLQQNCAQ=NS@JGA=NPMASPCKCLRNBD+MPCGLDMPKRGMLTGJ@JCRFRRNUUUAJCLCCRQCSJCBKGLJCQBMASKCLRQ.
S@JGARGMLQAQC=QRSBGCQClean_Fleets_case_study_-_Bremen_Car-Sharing_integration.
pdf11.
Moreinformationavailableat:http://ec.
europa.
eu/environment/gpp/pdf/news_alert/Issue69_Case_Study_139_Scotland.
pdfReplacingvehiclefleetswithacarsharingserviceinBremen,Germany9ExploringoptionsIfitisdecidedthatapurchaseisnecessary,consideringthelife-cycleimpactsofaparticularproductcanhelpyoutoidentifywhereitsenvironmentalimpactscanbeimprovedviaprocurement.
Forexample,isitmadefromanunsustainableresourceDoesitsproductionoritstransportationleadtopollutionDoesituseahighamountofenergyorwaterwheninuse,andcanthis@CKMPCCAGCLR'QGRNMQQG@JCRMPCSQCGRRRFCCLBMDGRQJGDC!
LGRQBCQGEL@CGLSCLACBRMPCBSACGRQsustainabilityimpactsIstherepotentialtosupportabroadercirculareconomyecosystemIn2016,ScottishProcurementestablishednewframeworkagreementsforthesupplyofICTdevices.
Beforereleasingthetender,itconductedmarketengagement,andcompletedaLife-CycleImpactMappingexercisetoidentifyareastofocusonwithregardstoenvironmentalandsocio-economicrisksandMNNMPRSLGRGCQQPCQSJRRFCLJRCLBCPGLAJSBCBRCAFLGAJQNCAGARGMLQMLCLCPEWCAGCLAWNPMBSARJGDCAWAJCKLECKCLRMDBCJGTCPWCCRGLLMTRGTCNAIEGLELBend-of-lifemanagement,withaparticularemphasisonrepair,refurbishmentandre-useofdevices.
11YannisPapanastasopoulosPrioritisingcircularactionsthroughLife-CycleMappinginScotland1012.
Moreinformationavailableat:http://ec.
europa.
eu/environment/gpp/pdf/news_alert/Issue47_Case_Study100_Turin.
pdf13.
Moreinformationavailableat:http://ec.
europa.
eu/environment/gpp/pdf/news_alert/Issue53_Case_Study108_zurich_output_management.
pdfCircularprocurementhierarchy-LACRFCKMQRCCARGTCNMGLRQRMKICQSQRGL@GJGRWimprovementshavebeendecided,andorganisationalANAGRWFQ@CCLAMLPKCBGRGQLCACQQPWRMdecidehowthisimprovementwillbemade.
Ausefulwaytoprioritisepotentialactionsisbymeansofthe'ProcurementHierarchy',whichisbasedontheEuropeanWasteHierarchy:reduce,reuse,recycleandrecover.
ReducePQRQRCNRMAGPASJPCAMLMKGCQGQRMPCBSACUFRyoupurchase.
Thiscanbedonebyassessingifyoureallyneedtoprocuresomethingatall,orifasolutioncanbefoundthatdoesnotrequiretheacquisitionofnewproductsormaterials.
Reductionscanalsobemadethroughsmarterapproachestocontracts,suchasreducingthepackagingofproductsdelivered.
BringingcircularconceptsintoschoolcateringinTurin,ItalyIn2013,theCityofTurinintroducedanumberofmeasurestotheirschoolcateringcontracttoenhanceitssustainability,whichincludedPCOSGPGLERFCSQCMDCLCPEWCAGCLRNNJGLACQandlowenvironmentalimpacttransport,aswellQQGELGALRJWPCBSAGLENAIEGLELBUQRCforexamplebyusingtapwaterinsteadofbottledURCPLBDTMSPGLEPCSQ@JCLBPCJJ@JCproductswherepackagingisunavoidable.
InBBGRGMLAMLRPARMPQUCPCPCOSGPCBRMQFGfromusingplastictoreusabledishes.
Thisonerequirementaloneresultedinareductionof157tonnes/yearofplasticwaste.
12RethinkingprintingneedsinZurich,SwitzerlandIn2012,theCityofZurichdecidedtoswitchfrombuying(orleasing)multifunctionaldevicestoprocuringanoptimisedOutputManagementService.
Thismeansthatthecitynolongerhastoinvestinhardware,andinsteadonlypaysperpageprinted.
Asaresultthecityhasdrasticallyreduceditscostsaswellastheamountofprintedmaterialsproduced.
Anenergysavingof34%hasbeenachievedandthenumberofprintedpageshasbeenreducedby30millionayear.
13Shuterstock11WhenPublicHealthWales(PHW)movedMACQGLGRBCAGBCBRMNPMASPCLMACdesignandfurnituresupplycontractwhichwouldencourageasmuchreuseofexistingMACCOSGNKCLRDSPLGRSPCLBMMPGLEQpossible,aswellassupplyingremanufacturedgoodsfromothersources.
Asupplier'openBWAMKKSLGARCBRFCICWQNCAGARGMLQofdesigningforacollaborativeworkspaceenvironmentandreusingasmuchfurnitureaspossible.
Thewinningconsortium,whichincludedsocialenterprises,suppliedover2,500items.
Oftheseitems,only6%ofthemwerenew,andtherestwereremanufacturedorPCDSP@GQFCBUGRFQGELGALRQFPCFTGLEbeenreusedfromPHW'sexistingstock.
Thecircularapproachdiverted41tonnesofwasteDPMKJLBJJUGRF!
-2savingof134tonnes-whilstcreatingpermanentjobsforseveraldisabledandlong-termunemployedpeople.
16ClosedlooptownhallconstructioninaDutchcityTheCityofBrummen(intheNetherlands)hadoutgrownitsexistingtownhall,andknewitrequiredmoreroomforthenext20years,atleast.
However,itscapacityneedsbeyondthistimewereuncertain.
Assuch,insteadoftakingatraditionalapproachtobuildingworksprocurement,thecitydecidedtoadoptamoreCVG@JCAGPASJPNNPMAFUFGAFUMSJBQCCthem'lease'anewbuildingundera20-yearservicecontract.
Thebuildingwasdesignedinawaywhichallowedittobedisassembledandcomponentsreturnedtosuppliers,includingstructuralbeams,cladding,andpartitionsandsoon.
14ExtendingthelifespanofworkwearinHerning,DenmarkIn2013,HerningMunicipalitysoughttoprocurenewuniformsforitstechnicaloperationsdepartment,withtheaimofCVRCLBGLERFCGPJGDCQNLLBKMPCCAGCLRuse.
Todoso,itdevelopedtechnicalQNCAGARGMLQLBAMLRPARNCPDMPKLACclausesrelatedtomaintenance,repairandrecycling.
Byleasinguniformsthroughaservicemodel,andincludingreuseandrecyclingcontractprovisions,itwaspossibletoextendthelifespanoftheuniforms,savinganestimated6,700and1,011tonnesofCO2emissionsoverfouryears.
1514.
CircularEconomy:Gettingthecirculationoging(Kiser,2016).
Availableat:http://www.
nature.
com/nature/journal/v531/n7595/full/531443a.
htmlfoxtrotcallback=true15.
Moreinformationavailableat:http://ec.
europa.
eu/environment/gpp/pdf/news_alert/Issue65_Case_Study_131_Herning.
pdf16.
Moreinformationavailableat:FRRNUUUUPNAWKPSMPESIQGRCQJCQUPN.
S@JGA&CJRF5JCQ1SQRGL@JC5MPINJACNBDIncreasinglyproductsarebeingdesignedforreuse.
Whendesigningaprocurementprocedure,thisissomethingthatcanbeconsideredfortheend-of-lifeoftheproduct.
Includingsuppliertake-backsystemsincontractsareonewayofensuringthatreusewillhappen.
ThisisbecomingcommonincontractsforICTequipment,wheredesktopcomputersandJNRMNQAL@CPCSQCB@WMRFCPMPELGQRGMLQCPthepublicauthorityhasupgraded.
ReuseRemanufactureofofficefurnishingsinWales12In2014,theCityofVaasa(inFinland)setMSRRMNPMASPCCCRMD@SQCQUFGAFcouldrunfullyonbiogasrecoveredfromorganicwasteandwaste-watersludgeatlocaltreatmentplants.
ContractperformanceAJSQCQUFGAFQNCAGCBPC@RCDMPRFCsupplierifannualconsumptionwasmoreCAGCLRRFLCQRGKRCQMPPCDSLBGDJCQQwerealsoincludedtoincentiviselastingandreliableperformance.
Aswellasreplacing280,000litresofdieseleveryyear,thisprocurementhascreateda'circularloop'fortheby-productsoflocalwaste,andsupportsinfrastructuredevelopmentinmakingbiogasavailableforafurther1,000cars.
18Inacirculareconomy,wasteisrecoveredandusedforBGCPCLRNSPNMQC2FGQALGLAJSBCAMLTCPRGLEUQRCcookingoilintobiodiesel,orcompostingfoodwaste.
ProcuringauthoritiescanbothhelptodesignforPCAMTCPWRFPMSEFQNCAGARGMLQLBAPGRCPGGLRCLBCPQandalsoprocuretherecoveredproducts.
HananelIn2013,theCity-StateofBerlinlaunchedapilotprojectwiththeaimofencouraginggreaterreuseofrecycledconcreteinbuildingconstruction.
Atotalvolumeofaround5,400m3MDACPRGCB~AGPASJPeconomy'recycledconcretewasusedintheconstructionofaslurrywallandbuildingshellofthenewlifesciencelaboratorybuildingattheHumboldtUniversity.
Incomparisonwithconcretemadefromprimaryaggregates,therecycledconcretealternativesaved880m2ofvirgingravel,66%oftheenergyrequiredforproductionandtransport,and7%oftheassociatedCO2emissions.
17Ifaproductcannotbereusedthendesigningforrecyclingisthenextalternativeinmakingitcircular.
ThismeansensuringthattheproductpurchasedAMLRGLQKRCPGJQRFRAL@CCQGJWLBCCARGTCJWrecycledintoanewproduct.
Alternatively,orinadditiontothepreviouspoint,theproductcouldbemadefromrecycledcontentandthusfurtherAMLRPG@SRCRMPCQMSPACCAGCLAW+MPCGLDMPKRGMLTGJ@JCRFRRNQUUUSKUCJR@SLBCQKRBCRFCKCLUGPRQAFIMLQSKSKUCJRDPCSLBJGAFC@CQAFSLEESRCNPVGQ@CGQNGCJCEC@CSBCLCS@S@CPJGLCGLQRXTMLPCAWAJGLE@CRMLGKFMAF@SGL%CPKL18.
CircularPublicProcurementintheNordicCountries(NordicCouncilofMinisters,2017).
Availableat:https://norden.
diva-portal.
org/smash/get/diva2:1092366/FULLTEXT01.
pdfRecycleRecoverRecyclingconcreteinbuildingconstructioninBerlinCreatingcircularloopsthroughbiogasbuses13EngagingthemarketforfurnitureinWageningen,theNetherlandsWhenrefurbishingitscityhall,theCityofWageningendecideditwouldpurchasetheKMQRAGPASJPDSPLGRSPCRFCKPICRAMSJBMCPbyusingtheprinciplesofcirculareconomy.
Togainanunderstandingofthemarket,itconductedseveralpre-procurementmarketconsultationactivities,andsentoutarequestforinformationtopotentialsuppliers.
Italsousedanelectronicprocurementsystemwhichfacilitatedinteractionbetweensuppliersandtheprocurementteamduringthewholeprocurementprocess.
Asaresultofthefeedbackreceived,theproductsweresplitintoARCEMPGCQLBQCTCLBGCPCLRAJJQDMPRCLBCPwerelaunched.
Multiplebidswerereceivedbasedonpriceswhichwerenothigherthanthoseforconventionalfurniture.
21Findinghigh-valuereuseopportunitiesinHelsinkiIn2016,HelsinkiRegionEnvironmentalServicesAuthority(HSY)embarkedontheNPMASPCKCLRMDDMSPRMTCNGJMRNPMHCARQRMtestandevaluatenewmethodsoftreatingandusingdigestedsewagesludgefromawastetreatmentcentre.
Theintentionwastoencouragenutrientandmaterialrecyclingoverenergyrecovery,inlinewiththeEuropeanWasteHierarchy.
Pilotapproachesareidealforsupportingthecreationofinnovativesolutions.
During2017to2018,HSYwillstudyfurtherthebestmethodDPMKRFCTPGMSQNGJMRQ'DGRMCPQ@CLCAGJPCQSJRQCPRFCQQCQQKCLRRFCBCLGRCprocurementwilltakeplacein2019-2020.
22MARKETENGAGEMENTThecirculareconomyisarelativelyyoungconcept.
Itisthereforeallthemoreimportantthatprocurersgettoknowthemarket(products,suppliers,manufacturers,serviceproviders,etc.
)tohelpthemdevelopagreaterunderstandingofwhatisalreadyavailableandwhatispossible.
Beyondthis,thegoaltoencourageaUGBCPQFGRMKMPCAGPASJPCAMLMKW@QCB@SQGLCQQmodelsdependsonlongertermcollaboration.
Marketengagement19allowsfortheexplorationandpromotionofnewbusinessconcepts.
Dialoguewithsupplierscanidentifythepotentialandfeasibilityofnewmodelsofprovision,suchasproduct-servicesystems,leasingoptions,buy-per-use,shareduse,orbuyingandsellingback.
!
GPASJPNPMASPCKCLRMCLPCOSGPCQQFGDPMKRCAFLGAJQNCAGARGMLQ@CGLEQCRQMJCJW@WRFCNPMASPCPRMNPMACQQUFCPCQNCAGARGMLQPCQCRfollowingexchangesbetweenpotentialsuppliersandprocurers.
Suchanapproachprovidesanopportunitytocommunicateneeds,gatherinformationongoodsandservicesavailable,andtesttheviabilityofpossibleawardcriteria.
Onawiderscale,engagingwithsupplierscanhelpcoordinate'circularactivities'acrossrelevantsectors.
IfacertainproductorserviceisnotcurrentlyTGJ@JCMLRFCKPICRGLUWUFGAFDSJJQprinciplesofthecirculareconomy,thecontractingauthoritycouldestablishan'innovationpartnership'.
Thesepartnershipsprovideaframeworkforresearchanddevelopment,pilotingandsubsequentpurchaseofanewproduct,serviceorwork.
202FC#3NS@JGANPMASPCKCLRBGPCARGTCQQNCAGAJJWJJMUDMPNPCJGKGLPWKPICRAMLQSJRRGMLUGRFQSNNJGCPQGLordertogetadvice,whichmaybeusedinthepreparationoftheprocedure.
SeeArticles40and41ofDirective2014/24/EUforfurtherinformation.
20.
SeeArticle31ofDirective2014/24/EUforfurtherinformation.
21.
Moreinformationavailableat:http://ec.
europa.
eu/environment/gpp/pdf/news_alert/Issue69_Case_Study_138_Wageningen.
pdf22.
CircularPublicProcurementintheNordicCountries(NordicCouncilofMinisters,2017).
Availableat:https://norden.
diva-portal.
org/smash/get/diva2:1092366/FULLTEXT01.
pdf14UsingtechnicalspecificationsandawardcriteriatorequirerecycledtextilesintheNetherlandsIn2017,theDutchMinistryofDefenceprocuredtowelsandoveralls,withtherequirementthatthegoodscontainedatleastPCAWAJCBNMQRAMLQSKCPRCVRGJC@PCQ2FCawardcriteriaalsorecognisedandawardedRFMQCMCPQUFGAFQGELGALRJWCVACCBCBRFCRCAFLGAJQNCAGARGMLQRFRGQAFGCTCBMTCP30%or50%recycledcontent).
Contractswereawardedfor100,000towelsand10,000clothswitha36%recycledcontent;and53,000overallswitha14%recycledcontent.
Takentogether,thecontractsresultedinsavingsof15,252kgofcotton,68,880kgofCO2,23,520MJofenergy,andover233millionlitresofwater.
24FurnituredesignfordisassemblyinDenmarkIn2012,Denmark'scentralprocurementagency(SKI)establishedafour-yearframeworkforQSQRGL@JCMACDSPLGRSPCDMPKMPCRFLKSLGAGNJGRGCQ2CAFLGAJQNCAGARGMLQwerebasedonenvironmentalrequirementsoftheNordicSwaneco-label,andincludedrequirementsonthechemicalsusedinthemanufacturing,treatment,coatingordyesused,andthepossibilityofseparationandrecoveryofmaterialsatend-of-life.
Woodandwood-basedmaterialswerealsorequiredtocomefromlegallyharvestedtimber,andatleastMDRFGQFBRM@CCGRFCPPCAWAJCBMPTCPGCBassustainabletimber.
Byusingaframeworkapproach,savingsofupto26%comparedtomarketpriceswereachieved,andthemarketforsustainablefurnitureproductswasenlarged.
251SEECQRCBQNCAGARGMLQPCJRGLERMNPMBSARBCQGELRFCNPMBSARGMLNPMACQQRFCMNCPRGMLJNFQCLBCLBMDlifemanagementcanalsobefoundintheMVONederlandCircularProcurementGuide.
Availableat:https://mvonederland.
nl/circular-procurement-guide24.
Moreinformationavailableat:FRRNQUUUNGLMMLJQGRCQBCDSJRJCQBMASKCLRQBMASKCLRQPC@SQDARQFCCRIJCBGLEBCDCLQGCCLECJQHSLGNBD25.
Moreinformationavailableat:http://ec.
europa.
eu/environment/gpp/pdf/news_alert/Issue58_Case_Study118_sustainable_furniture_Denmark.
pdfCIRCULARPROCUREMENTREQUIREMENTS0MB@F@>QFLKP>KA>T>OA@OFQBOF>5FCLBCQGELGLERCLBCPQNCAGARGMLQGBCLRGDWwhetheratechnicalora'functional'approachwouldbemoreappropriateforachievingacircularresult.
2CAFLGAJQNCAGARGMLQBCQAPG@CRFCAMLRPARRMthemarketandprovidemeasurablerequirementsagainstwhichtenderscanbeevaluated,includingminimumcompliancecriteria.
Functional(or'output/performance-based')criteriawilldescribethedesiredresultandwhichoutputs(forexample,intermsofquality,quantity,andreliability)areexpected.
NPMASPCKCLRCVCPAGQCQFMSJBQCCIRMDSJJACPRGLLCCBPRFCPRFLQGKNJW@C@MSRAOSGPGLEQNCAGAproductaspartofaroutineprocess.
TakingastepbackLBGLTCQRGERGLERFC@PMBCPLCCBQPQRUMSJBJJMUfortheadoptionofafunctionalorperformance-basedNNPMAF1SAFLNNPMAFCL@JCQDMPKMPCCVG@GJGRWtobebuiltintotheprocedure.
ThemarketisthengivenmorefreedomtoinnovateandprovidethemostCCARGTCQMJSRGMLPCQSJRGLEGL@MRFPCBSACBPCQMSPACuseandcosts.
However,sometimesitisnecessaryRMGLAJSBCRCAFLGAJQNCAGARGMLQGDACPRGLEMJQPCdesired,suchasrequiringtheinclusionofrecycledmaterialinproduction.
Itisnotalwayspossibletoengageinresource-intensiveneworinnovativetenderingprocedures.
Inthesecases,JPCBWBCLCBAGPASJPAPGRCPG@CAMKCNPRGASJPJWuseful.
AsofOctober2017,theEuropeanCommissionhascreatedGPPcriteriaformorethan20productgroups,ofwhichtherecentlyadoptedcriteria,includingthoseforbuildings,computers,textilesandfurniture,haveareinforcedfocusoncircularityaspects.
Foreachcriteriaset,therearecorecriteria(thesearesuitableforusebyanycontractingauthorityforaddressingkeyenvironmentalimpacts)andcomprehensivecriteria(targetedatpurchasingthebestenvironmentalproductsavailableonthemarket).
CirculareconomyactionssupportedbyGPPcriteriasetscanincludepromotingproducteco-designanddesignforrecyclability,extendedproducerresponsibility,wasteprevention,packagingmaterialandsharing,collaborativeeconomy,reuse,andrefurbishment.
2315In2016,theCityofGhentestablishedafour-yearframeworkagreementforthesupplyofcleaningandpolishingproducts.
Itwasrequiredthatproductsincertaincategories,includingcleaningproductsandhygieneproducts(thatis,soap)metthecriteriaoftheC2C'Bronze'labelorequivalent.
Asaresult,therecycledcontentandrecyclabilityofwasteisgreatlyimproved:packaginguses85%recycledcardboard,plasticbottlesmadefrompolyethylenehigh-density(PEHD)are100%recyclableandconsistof10%recycledPEHD,whilethosemadefrompolyethyleneterephthalate(PET)are100%recyclableandmadefrom81%recycledmaterials.
InBBGRGMLLGLLMTRGTC!
!
ACPRGCBBMQECbottlewithanti-spillingsystemwasalsointroduced,reducingoveruseandwastage.
27Eco-labels26arealsoausefulwayforbidderstodemonstratethattheirproductorservicemeetscertainsustainabilityrequirements.
Eco-labelscanbeusedwhentheyaredirectlyrelevanttothesubject-matterofthecontract,andmeetcertainstandardsMDM@HCARGTGRWRPLQNPCLAWLBTCPGARGML'Laddition,itisnecessarytoalsoacceptlabelswhichmeetequivalentcriteria,oracceptotherappropriateevidencewheretimeconstraintshavepreventedformalawardofaneco-labeltoabidder.
26.
Formoreinformationabouttheuseofeco-labelsinpublicprocurement,seeArticle43(1)ofDirective2014/24/EU;article61(1)ofDirective2014/25/EU.
27.
Moreinformationavailableat:http://ec.
europa.
eu/environment/gpp/pdf/news_alert/Issue70_Case_Study_140_Ghent.
pdfShutterstockUsingCradle2Cradle(C2C)certificationforcleaningproductsinGhent16In2015,theDepartmentofPublicWorkswithintheDutchMinistryofInfrastructureandEnvironment(Rijkswaterstaat)publishedaDesign,Build,MaintainandFinancecontractforwideninga13kmstretchofroad.
ThisusedaMEATprocedure,whichassignedcoststoenvironmentalimpacts,andthenawardedthecontracttothelowestcorrectedtotalprice.
Environmentalimpactswerecalculatedusingtwotools:theCO2ePerformanceLadder(whichadjustedtotalpriceaccordingtoestimatedemissions)andDuboCalc(alife-cycleanalysistoolcalculatingthesustainabilityofproposedmaterials).
Thewinningbidproposedsmartconstructionsolutionswhichreducedmaterialtransportation,smartuseofasphalttoreduceoverallrequirementandtheuseofrecycledmaterials.
ItwasbothcompetitivelypricedLBMCPCBQGELGALRCLTGPMLKCLRJQTGLEQcomparedtothebaseline.
Totalsavingsof52,800tonnesofCO2eor15,048tonnesofoilequivalenthavebeenestimatedoverthelifetimeoftheinfrastructure.
28EVALUATIONImplementingcircularprocurementmeansgoingbeyondlowestpriceatpurchase.
Attheawardstage,thecontractingauthoritycanevaluatethequalityandcircularityaspectsofthetendersusingpredeterminedawardcriteria.
Underthe2014procurementdirectives,allcontractsmustbeawardedonthebasisofmosteconomicallyadvantageoustender(MEAT),anapproachwhichmakesitpossiblefortheprocurertoawardandcomparefactorsbeyondpricesuchasqualityandsustainability.
Formanyproductsandworks,costsincurredduringuse(suchasenergyconsumption,serviceandmaintenancecosts)anddisposalmaybehighlyQGELGALRGLRCPKQMDNPGACQQSAFRIGLEAAMSLRoflife-cyclecostsmakesgoodeconomicsenseandcanencouragecircularity.
However,theremaybeBGCPCLR@SBECRQDMPSNDPMLRAMQRQMDNSPAFQCLBlong-termenergyandmaintenancecosts,meaningAPMQQBCNPRKCLRJAMMNCPRGMLGQMCLCQQCLRGJ28.
Moreinformationavailableat:http://ec.
europa.
eu/environment/gpp/pdf/news_alert/Issue70_Case_Study_140_Ghent.
pdfHananelAssessinginfrastructureaccordingtolifetimeenvironmentalimpactsandcost17ContractperformanceclausesforfurnituremaintenanceinaDutchcityIn2012,VenlopublishedatendertopurchaseMACDSPLGRSPCDMPGRQLCUAGRWFJJNPCKGQCQGLUFGAFGRQICB@GBBCPQRMMCPNPMBSARQKBCfromenvironmentally-friendlymaterialswhichcouldbedisassembledandrefurbishedeasily.
Contractperformanceclauseswereincludedthatobligedthesuppliertoperformannualpreventativemaintenance,aswellasrepairfurnitureondemand,andprovidetemporaryreplacementsfordefectivefurniture.
Tenyearsdownthetrackthesupplierwillstill@CPCOSGPCBRMRIC@AIDSPLGRSPCLBMCPpossibilitiesforrefurbishment.
Assuch,aresidualvalueforthefurnitureof18%(fromanoriginalbudgetof1.
6million)hasbeenguaranteedthroughthiscontract.
30CollectingandrefurbishingredundantICTinDurhamIn2012,DurhamCountyCouncildecidedtoputinplaceanewcontracttoensurethatredundantcomputerequipmentwasreusedorrecycledtothegreatestextentpossible.
AswellasmeetingobligationsundertheEUWEEEregulations,thisalsominimisedenvironmentalimpactbydivertingwastefromJLBJJLBAFGCTCBQMAGJTJSC@WKIGLErefurbishedequipmentavailabletocommunitygroups.
TenderswereassessedonaMEATbasis,andthenewcontractreturnsanincometotheCouncilofapproximately34,000(or30,000)perannumwhilealsomakingrefurbishedlow-costcomputerequipmentavailabletolocalcommunitygroups.
31I+20"-%0"+!
,+1/1MANAGEMENTWhenaimingtomakeapurchasemorecircular,itisgoodpracticetoestablishwhattheprojectedserviceJGDCMDRFCNPMBSARGQLBUFRRFCQSNNJGCPALMCPintermsofmaintenanceandrepair.
SupplierscanberequiredorencouragedtotakeresponsibilityforkeepingaproductormaterialinRFCQSNNJWAFGLCPSQC!
GPASJPNPMASPCKCLRcontractstypicallyfallintooneofthreecategories29:1.
Productservicesystems-thesupplierretainsownershipoftheproduct,andtheuserpays-per-useoraccordingtoperformance.
2.
Purchaseandbuybackagreement-thesupplierbuysbackaproductandensuresoptimumvalueretentionviareuse.
3.
Purchaseandresaleagreement-thecontractincludesanagreementonwho(thatis,athirdNPRWUGJJPCAMTCPRFCGRCKCPSQCLMPKJJWDMPlower-valuematerialreuseorrecycling.
AlternativelythereistheoptiontointroduceseparatecontractsUFGAFQNCAGAJJWBCJUGRFPCSQC2FGQMNRGMLKWbeparticularlyusefulwhenthepurchaseofaproducthasalreadybeenmade.
29.
Aframeworkforcircularprocurement(MVONederland,2015).
Availableat:FRRNQKTMLCBCPJLBLJQGRCQBCDSJRJCQKCBG$PKCUMPIDMP!
GPASJP.
PMASPCKCLRApril%202015.
pdf30.
Moreinformationavailableat:http://ec.
europa.
eu/environment/gpp/pdf/news_alert/Issue60_Case_Study122_Furniture_Venlo.
pdf31.
Moreinformationavailableat:http://ec.
europa.
eu/environment/gpp/pdf/news_alert/Issue57_Case_Study115_Durham.
pdfRishi18EUGPPCriteria32andGPPinPracticeExamples-theEuropeanCommissionhasdevelopedcriteriatofacilitatetheinclusionofgreenrequirementsintopublicprocurementtendersformorethan20productgroups.
Theseinclude'corecriteria'suitableforanycontractingauthorityandfocusedonkeyenvironmentalissues,and'comprehensivecriteria'withahigherlevelofambitionaimedatpurchasingthebestenvironmentally-friendlyproductsavailableonthemarket.
Furthermore,anextensivecollectionofdetailedgoodpracticeexamplesfromacrossEuropeareavailableontheEuropeanCommission'swebsite.
Thesearegroupedbyproductorservicesector.
Moreinformationcanbefoundhere.
33REBus-thisEULife+partnershipproject,ledbyWRAPandtheDutchMinistryforInfrastructureandtheEnvironment,supported30SMEs,largebusinesses,andgovernmentbodiestopilotcircularprocurementprocessesintheUKandtheNetherlands.
Sectorscoveredinclude:electricalandelectronicproducts,textiles,construction,furniture,ICT,cateringandcarpeting.
AguideforCircularProcurementwasdevelopedandisavailablehere.
34EuropeanClothingActionPlan(ECAP)-ECAPisacurrentinitiative,fundedbytheEULifeProgramme,whichaimstoaddressallaspectsofsustainabilityforclothing,includingpublicprocurement.
Moreinformationcanbefoundhere.
35ZeroWasteScotland(ZWS)CategoryandCommodityGuidance-ZWShasdevelopedQNCAGARGMLQRMGLAJSBCAGPASJPCAMLMKWMSRAMKCQinthefollowingsectors:electricalandelectronic,furniture,construction,textiles,catering,cleaning,MMPGLENMUCPLBFLBRMMJQTCFGAJCQLBRWPCQoutdoorplaygroundequipment,wasteservicesandmedicaldevices.
Itisavailablehere.
36Report:CircularPublicProcurementintheNordicCountries-thisreport,preparedonbehalfofthe,MPBGA!
MSLAGJMD+GLGQRCPQBCLCQDPKCUMPIDMPcircularprocurementandpresentsgoodpracticefromtheNordiccountries.
37MVONederlandCircularProcurementGuide-in2013MVONederlandcreatedguidanceforNPMASPCKCLRQRUFGAFGLAJSBCQBTGACMLpreparingforacircularpurchase,formulatingQNCAGARGMLQLBRFCAMLRPARNFQC38CircularProcurementBestPracticeReport–TheEU-fundedSPPRegionsprojectpromotesthecreationandexpansionofEuropeanregionalnetworksofmunicipalitiesworkingtogetheronSPPandpublicprocurementofinnovation(PPI).
2FGQPCNMPRQCRQMSRBGCPCLRKMBCJQMDAGPASJPprocurement.
39TrainingmoduleonprocuringProductServiceSystems-TrainingmoduleprovidinginsightsLBNPARGAJESGBLACRMNPMASPCKCLRMAGJQpolicymakersandsuppliersonadoptingcircularprocurementprinciples.
ThistrainingwasdeliveredaspartofUNEP'sSPPProgrammeofthe10-YearFrameworkofProgrammesonSustainableConsumptionandProductionPatterns(10YFP).
40EllenMacArthurFoundation-TheFoundationisaUK-basedcharitydedicatedtoacceleratingthetransitiontoacirculareconomy.
Ithascreatedasuitofresources,includingevidencereportsandonlineeducationtoolswhichcanprovidefurtherinformationonthebackgroundofthecirculareconomy.
41EuropeanCommission-furtherinformationontheCircularEconomyPackage,includingreportsontheEUCircularEconomyActionPlanandlinkstorelatedareaspolicyareasincludingwaste,resourceCAGCLAWLB@SQGLCQQLBGLBSQRPWPCJGQRCBMLRFCEuropeanCommission'swebsite.
42RESOURCESANDINITIATIVES32.
http://ec.
europa.
eu/environment/gpp/eu_gpp_criteria_en.
htm33.
http://ec.
europa.
eu/environment/gpp/case_group_en.
htm34.
http://www.
rebus.
eu.
com/implementing-a-rebm/guide-for-circular-procurement-rebms/35.
http://www.
ecap.
eu.
com/36.
http://www.
zerowastescotland.
org.
uk/content/sustainable-procurement37.
https://norden.
diva-portal.
org/smash/get/diva2:1092366/FULLTEXT01.
pdf38.
https://mvonederland.
nl/circular-procurement-guideFRRNUUUQNNPCEGMLQCSJCBKGLSQCP=SNJMB0CQMSPACQ!
GPASJP=.
PMASPCKCLR=CQR=.
PARGAC=0CNMPRNBDFRRNUUUQANAJCPGLEFMSQCMPEQGRCQBCDSJRJCQSLCN=QN=NQQ=AN=KMBSJC==LJNBD41.
https://www.
ellenmacarthurfoundation.
org/publications42.
https://ec.
europa.
eu/commission/priorities/jobs-growth-and-investment/towards-circular-economy_en#relatedlinks19Shutterstock20ec.
europa.
eu/environment/gpp