lOOprojectace

INDEXAbelson,P.
H.
,355ACSparkPlug,204AcademyofSciences(Soviet),163Acheson,Dean,403-404Acheson-LilienthalPlan,380,388Acheson-Lilienthalreport,390Actuarialtables,125Adams,P.
,29AdministrationforElectrotechnology(USSR),300AdvancedSortingCentres,340Advisors,The(York),397AdvisoryCommitteeonRadiationExposureofMilitaryPersonnel,434AEC.
SeeAtomicEnergyCommissionAECMedicalGroup,444AerodynamicsResearchInstitute(Ger-many),132Aero-EngineInstitute(USSR),162Aero-HydrodynamicsInstitute(USSR),165Aerospacecompaniesdependenceof,onmilitaryservices,172-173jointproposalsof,173.
SeealsoAircraftindustryAerospaceindustry(Germany)militaryuseofspaceand,260Aiken,Howard,120,122,123computerconferencesof,123doctoralresearchof,129-130governmentcomputersand,122Navalcomputerdesignof,134Airforceaircraftresearchof,177AirForceAssociation,433AirForceResearchDirectorate,9Aircraftindustry541governmentsupportof,169.
SeealsoAerospacecompaniesAlcoa,309Alekseev,Gen.
N.
M.
,294,301AlexanderIII,299Alichanov,AbramIsaakovich,354,355Aliens,federalemploymentof,106Allgaier,K.
H.
,259AllgemaineElektrizitats-Gesellschaft-AEG(Germany),299AlliedChemical,308Allison,GrahamT.
,467-468,469All-UnionHouseofTradeUnions,350Alvarez,LuisW.
,29,393Americanchemicalindustryexpansionofin50s,319postwar,316-319WWIand,308-310WWIIand,312-316AmericanInstituteofPhysics(AlP),21,93AmericanPhysicalSociety,33growthof,94AmericanResearchandDevelopmentCorporation(ARD),534-537corporateandinstitutionalstockhold-ersin(table),535investmentrecordof,536Americansecuritypolicy1945-48,156AmericanSocietyforEngineeringEdu-cation,168AmericanandSovietsubmarine-launchedballistic-missileguidance(table),189AmericanTelephoneandTelegraphCompany(AT&T)wartimeresearchand,99.
SeealsoBellLabs542Analogcomputeroriginofterm,129AnalysisofMoDCivilianR&DStaffinBritain(figure),487AnalyticalEngine,125Anhorn,VictorJ.
,316Antiballistic-missilesystem(ABM),476Apollo-Soyezteam,168,180AppliedPhysicsLaboratory(JohnsHopkins),61Ardenne,Baronvon,365ArgonneNationalLaboratory,28succeedsMetLab,98Ariane,Columbus,andHermesspaceprogram,266-268Arianeprogram,250analysisof,284nn29,30Arithometer,125Armedforcesrivalryamong,452-453ArmedForcesUnificationAct,171Arms-controlnegotiationsnewarsenalsand,xiiArmsrace,477-478ArmyOrdnanceLaboratory,8-9ArmySignalCorps,101Arnold,Gen.
H.
H.
,169ARPAnetwork,140ArtilleryCommittee-Artkom(USSR),293electrotechnicaleducationofitsper-sonneland,299foreignimportsand,301Arzimovich,LevAndreyevich,364AssociatedUniversities,109Astronomicaltables,125Atanasoff,J.
V.
,119digitalcomputationand,129Atanasoff-Berrycomputer(ABC),129Atlantic,401Atomicbomb,5,8AtomicEnergyCommission(AEC),4,7,380Conantand,380continuedobjectionof,toradiationexperiments,447contractingroleof,77Indexfundingby,8GeneralAdvisoryCommittee(GAC)of,379Koreanwarand,33MoundLaboratoriesand,317relationshipoftoONR,96researchpolicyof,99supportofuniversityphysicsand,95AtomicEnergyforMilitaryPurposes(Smyth),373AtomicEnergyResearchEstablishment(Britain),100AtomicShield,397Auercompany,364AutocallCompany,134AviationWeek,455AviationWeekandSpaceTechnology,205B.
F.
Goodrich,313B-70bomber,472Babbage,Charles,125BabbageDifferenceEngine,125Baekeland,Leo,308,311Bainbridge,Kenneth,53,55Bakelite,308,311Baker,Leonard,211Baldwin,Hansen,434-435Ballisticcomputer,128Ballistic-missilestellar-inertialguidance,199-205Barnett,Corelli,331Baroni,Dr.
,365-366Baruch,Bernard,405Barwich,Hans,359,365,371BasicresearchBushon,14changednatureof,69-77industrializationof,79redefined,70-71roleofcollaborationin,69-77BDLI(Germany),259Beard,GeorgeMiller,326-327onneurasthenia,333Behavior,moralviewsof,325Bell,GordonK.
,19IndexBellLabs,7,521aircraftcommunicationandtrackingand,170computerresearchand,119defenseworkand,173vs.
MIT,99Stibitzcomputerand,127-128.
SeealsoAmericanTelephoneandTelegraphCompanyBeriya,Lavrenti,358Berkner,Lloyd,4,16,29,109Berkeley(U.
ofCalifornia),62-63Berlinairlift,452BerlinTechnicalUniversity,273Bernstein,Barton,400Berry,Clifford,129Bethe,Hans,8,27,51,385onnuclearholocaust,382Oppenheimercaseand,107supportofH-bomband,394-395Bigphysicsalliance,93-100termsof,100-111BigScienceLaboratories(Germany),255BINAC,122Black,Lt.
Col.
,EdwinF.
,385Blackbirdprogram,199Blackboxes,187,190Blackprograms,199Blackweapons,511Blackett,Patrick,504Blackman,N.
M.
,143Bloch,Felix,8,74BoeingCompany,173Bohr,Niels,355,356Bolkhovitinov,V.
F.
,155Biilkow,Ludwig,245,248Borden,WilliamL.
,399,413-414Bowden,Lord,98Bowen,Adm.
H.
G.
,19ongoalsofONR,21-24Bradbury,Norris,75Brainerd,John,135Brandner,Ferdinand,351-352Braun,Wernhervon,59,245,473BreakingtheSoundBarrier,157Breit,G.
,7Bridge,H.
S.
,25Bridgman,P.
W.
,7,51543BritishStarWarsResearchBoycott,504Bronk,DetlevW.
,20,408BrookhavenNationalLaboratory,28,72Brooke,Sen.
Edward,216,217Brooks,Harvey,29,51,469Brown,William,332Brueckner,K.
A.
,35Buckley,Oliver,397,398"Bumerang,"249BureauoftheCensus,139BureauofStandards,139computersof,141Bureaucraticpoliticsstarsensorsystemand,219Burks,ArthurW.
,123,135Burnham,John,324Bush,Vannevar,3,32onbasicresearch,14Conantand,382differentialanalyserof,125onevolutionofnewweapons,12vs.
Kilgore,103linkingofresearchuniversitiestomilitaryand,521asmediator,87,93MoeCommitteeand,20politicalinterferenceand,9researchteamsand,529Science:TheEndlessFrontier,13-14asscientist-politician,49onwar,11Butadiene,315Byrnes,JamesF.
,380CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,519Cantril,Dr.
Simeon,437,441Caproni,L.
,155Carmichell,Leonard,20Carnegie,Andrew,519Carothers,WallaceH.
,311Catalyticcracking,318CentralAero-HydrodynamicsInstitute(USSR),162544Centuryfighterseries,177-178CERN,73Chadakar,Joseph,135Chaffee,E.
L.
,54Chandrosekhar,B.
S.
,35Charcot,JeanMartin,325,326ChargeCoupledDeviceofTridentII,222-223Chariton,YuriBorissovich,364CharlesStarkDraperLaboratory,Inc.
,221ChemicalCentury,The,318Chevaline/Polarisforce(Britain),501-503Chevalineproject(Britain),xxChew,G.
F.
,8,10ChiefofNavalResearch,responsibilitiesof,42-43n39ChiefScientificAdvisertotheMinistryofDefence(Britain),490Chikolev,VladimirN.
,296-297,302electricaltechniciansand,299ChristianScienceMonitor,31Churchill,Winston,368Circulationofelites,xxi-xxiiCitron,Irwin,207-208Civilservice,employmentofaliensand,106CivilWarscientificeliteand,89shellshockin,324Claflin,WilliamHenry,Jr.
,64CodeandCipherSchool(Britain),137Coggeshall,LowellT.
,20Coldwar,8securitypolicyand,156Collaborativelaboratories,72-73Collaborativeresearch,69-77CollegeoftheSixDays'Work(Bacon),6Collier's,434Collins,Harry,213Colmar,CharlesXavierde,125Colossuscomputers,137-138Colossusproject,124Columbus(spacestation),251,265fundingof,255IndexCommitteeofEnquiryintoShellShock,341CommitteeonMedicalSciencesoftheJointResearchandDevelopmentBoard,444revokesendorsementofradiationexperiments,446CommitteeofNuclearSciences(Har-vard),55-56CommitteeonPhysicalSciences,51CommitteeonUnderseaWarfare,28-29Communistparty,360ComplexNumberComputer,127Compton,ArthurH.
,4,20onmaintainingorder,12Oppenheimer'ssecurityclearanceand,105Compton,KarlT.
,3-4,7,20,32ongovernmentfunding,108linkingofresearchuniversitiestomilitaryand,521asmediator,93onweaponsresearch,12Computeruseofterm,146n2Computerage,backgroundto,124-127ComputerdevelopmentinGermany,131governmentfundingof,146highcostofearly,144mandateofArmedForcesand,144militarycomponentsof,122-124ONRand,140-143postwaryearsof,138-144radarand,122inwaryears,133-138Computerhistorycommercialmanufacturersand,122firststageof,119-120generalfeaturesof,120-122inU.
S.
,121Computersarchitectureof,121artandscienceof,121technologyof,120IndexComputingScaleCompany,126Computing-TabulatingRecordingCom-pany(CTR),126Comrie,L.
1.
,125-126Conant,JamesB.
,xviii,3,32AECand,380Aikenand,120coldwarand,386-388CommitteeonthePresentDangerand,415endofGACparticipationand,417-418establishmentofCommitteeonPhysi-calSciencesby,51FORand,380fearofthermonuclearholocaustand,382-383"FishingParty"reportand,386onglobalwar,387ongradesofmorality,398ashighcommissionerofGermany,410hydrogenbomband,379-430debateover,393-404lackofenthusiasmfor,384internationalcontrolofnuclearwea-ponsand,380linkingofresearchuniversitiesandmilitaryand,521onmilitarycontrolofScience,108onmoralityofwar,401NDRCand,93Oppenheimerand,389-391,418-422testimonyof,420oppositionto,forNASpresidency,407scienceandthemilitaryand,415asscientist-politician,49viewsof,ondraft,399wearinessof,withnuclearprogram,391-393Concorde,275Concussionalshock,331Condensedmatterphysics,32Condon,Edward,101,109Congress,resistanceof,tostellar-inertialsystems,217545CongressionalAviationPolicyBoard,451Conrad,Capt.
R.
,16Conversi,Marcello,55Cooney,Gen.
,448-449Corporatewarcontractors,99CouncilofForeignMinisters,380CouncilonForeignRelations,434Cowardiceanddesertion,331Crawford,Perry0.
,123CrimeanWar,293Criticalmass(USSRapproach),356CmftLaboratory(Harvard),54,98Cruisemissilesandaircraft,191-199Cullen,William,325Curtis,J.
H.
,123Cutler,Bobby,421Darwin,SirCharles,124David,Donald,534David,Paul,63Dearborn,Richard1.
,20DefenceResearchPolicyCommittee(Britain),489DefenseCalculator,The,139Defenseindustries,469-473Defenselaboratories(government),473DefenseR&DaspercentageoftotalnationalR&D(figure),485DefenseSystemAcquisitionReviewCouncil(DSARD),510deHavilandGoblin,176Dementiev,P.
,163DepartmentofAgriculture,139DepartmentofDefense(DOD),8DepartmentofDefenseandtheMinis-tryofEducationandScience(Germany),248DepartmentofLabor,139DepartmentofNavy,3DepartmentofScientificandIndustrialResearch(Britain),91"DesignofHumanRadiationProblems,"437DEUCE,145DeutscheForschungsgemeinschaft,248DFYLR(Germany),248,255546Dicke,RH.
,29,31DieZeit,350DifferenceEngine,the,125DifferentialAnalyser,135DigitalComputerNewsletter,142Dispersionrelations,31DistributionofgovernmentR&Dexpen-ditureinGreatBritain(figure),486DivisionofBasicResearch(MIT),24DivisionofBiologyandMedicine(AEC)radiationexposurecriteriaand,454-455DivisionofIndustrialCooperation(MI1),528Dopel,R,365Dora-Nordhausen,59Dorniercompany,245,251DouglasAircraftCompany,172Dow,Herbert,309DowChemicalCompany,308,309-310Draper,CharlesStark,193,196Navydesignresponsibilityand,221Dryden,HughL.
,29Dual-usevs.
spin-offthesis,276Dubowski,B.
G.
,369DuBridge,Lee,4,20,32,94,397presidencyofCalTechand,98onRadLab,4-5regimentationofscienceand,108-109Duffy,Robert,204Dulles,JohnFoster,406,419DuPontCompany,308,310polymersand,311tireproductionand,316Durr,Hans-Peter,277Eckart,C.
,29Eckert,1.
Presper,120,123BINACand,122ENIACand,135Eckert,Wallace,123WatsonComputingBureauand,126Economical-noneconomicalschematism,xvIndexEDSAC(ElectronicDataStorageAuto-maticComputer),137,144EDVAC(ElectronicDiscreteVariableArithmeticComputer),136Einstein,Albert,47letteroftoPres.
Roosevelt,353onmilitarycontrolofscience,108Eisenhower,Pres.
DwightD.
Conantand,420freedomoffederalagenciestocon-ductresearchand,104useofmilitary-industrialcomplexand,lOOELDO(EuropeanLauncherDevelop-mentOrganization),248Electricalengineers,andweaponry,35Elektrichestvo,297,299"ElectronicsfortheNuclearPhysicist,"(Elmore),68ElectrotechnicalSociety(USSR),300Elektrotekhnik,297"Elitecirculation,"xxi,xxvi"Elitestudies,"xxviElmore,Williamc.
,68Emelyanov,VassilyS.
,363Encriptionanddecoding,120,122EngineeringFoundation,90England.
SeeGreatBritainEngle,Sen.
Clair,472EnglishElectricLtd.
,145EnglishLifeTables(Farr),125ENIAC(ElelctronicNumericalIntegra-torandComputer),120developmentof,135patentfor,129Enigma,137Erichsen,JohnEric,328ERNO(EuropeanResearchNationalOrganization),249ESRO(EuropeanSpaceResearchOr-ganization),248Ethermethod,373-374Ethics,developmentofweaponssystemsand,431EuropeanATM(Anti-TacticalMissileProgram),259,275IndexEuropeanDefenseInitiative(EDI),262SDIand,275EuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA),250Columbusand,25Europeanspaceorganizations,248Europeanspace-power,244Europeanspaceprograminterestgroupsof,military,260-263politics,256-258science,254-256spaceindustry,258-260Evans,Robley,435humantolerationofradiationand,436Everest,Gen.
F.
F.
,170Everett,Robert,123F-80,176F-86Sabre,176-177Failla,Dr.
Gioacchino,437Fair,William,125FairchildEngineandAirplaneCorpora-tion,433Falkland(Malvinas)Islands,483Feedbackmodel,inmilitaryR&D,467Fermi,Enrico,8,27,397Americanscienceand,107oneffortbehindatomicbomb,11Fermiaward,110FerrantiMarkI(Britain),146Feshbach,H.
,25Feynman,R.
P.
,8,47-48"Fire-brigading"activity(Britain),497FirstCircle,The(Solzhenitsyn),162"FishingParty,"385Fisk,JamesB.
,29AECresearchpolicyand,99Fitch,V.
L.
,35Flashtubes,S5Flerov,GeorgiNikolayevitch,352,356,363-364atomicresearchand,353-354Florez,RearAdm.
Louisde,96Flowers,T.
H.
,137FlyingFortresses,58Ford,Henry,161-162Ford,Horace,526ForeignAffairs,416Forrester,Jay,123,141Fortune,318,319,451Foster,John,477Foster,Leroy,528-529Foundationalphysics,32France,NATOand,202547FranckReport,105,432FrankfurterAllgemeineZeitung,267Frenchmilitary,roleofinradio,303Freud,Sigmund,324ontheNationalArmy,334Fricke,Manfred,273Friedel!
,Dr.
Hymer,437,441Friedman,F.
L.
,29Friis,H.
T.
,29Fry,T.
c.
,127Frye,Alton,216Fuchs,Klaus,405Fundamentalscience,71Galileo,47Garrison,Lloyd,419Garwin,R.
L.
,35"GathertheSpilledSeedCorn,"21Gassini,A.
,55Gedankenexperimente,47Geertz,Clifford,80Gel!
-Mann,M.
,10,35GeneralAdvisoryCommittee,379,380October1949meetingof,397-402reactionoftoTrumanH-bombdeci-sion,404-407GeneralDynamics,172GeneralEducationBoard,91GeneralElectric,nuclearengineand,455GermanJunoengine,164GermanSocietyforForeignPolicy,264GermanSpacePolicyatthethresholdoftheCentury(DGAP),265Germanspaceprogramconsequencesof,265-266DeutscheForschungsgemeinschaftand,254548financialandsocialcostsof,264-274historyof,245-252legitimationof,274-279politicalaspectsof,272-273stagesof,252U.
S.
and,255-256Germanycomputerdevelopmentin,120,131Europeanspaceendeavorsand,249firstsatelliteof,248militaryuseofspaceflightand,274-279Nazisupportofspaceflightin,245researchbudgetof,267SDIand,257spacebudgetof,268-272(tables268,269,270)spaceflightplansof,243useofmagnesiumby,309Getting,I.
A.
,25,29GIRL(Germany),255Glavatom,360Glennan,T.
Keith,473GlobalPositioningSystemsatellites,224GlosterMeteor(Britain),155Godman,Clerk,26Goldberger,M.
L.
,8,35Goldstine,HermanH.
,123,144ENIACand,135Goldwater,Sen.
Barry,472Golovine,I.
N.
,350Good,I.
J.
,137GOSPLAN(USSR),161Governmentascomputerconsumer,138-144assourceoffundsforcomputerresearch,138-144Governmentproocurement(table),95Gowers,WilliamR.
,327Graves,Robert,338Gravitationalfield,oftheearth,200Gravity,geodesyand,225-226GreatBritainatomicbombprogramof,482earlycomputersin,120NATOand,482IndexR&Dof,comparedtoU.
S.
,507-513volunteerarmyof,331"GreatCircle"groupofplanners,219GreatTechnologicalSoviet,360Greenpeace,257Greenewalt,CrawfordH.
,315Gregg,Alan,454Grigorovich,D.
P.
,162Griswold,Merrill,534Grottrup,Helmut,365Groverman,W.
H.
,29Groves,Gen.
LeslieR.
,62,315becomesheadofManhattanProject,353recommendsbombingofAuerplant,364GuidetoVentureCapitalSources,537GulfResearchandDevelopmentCor-poration,316Gurevich,1.
1.
,163,355Gurney,Ronald,109Gyroscopes,useofininertialguidance,192-193Haber,Fritz,xviHafstad,LawrenceR.
,412Hahn,Otto,354Haldane,Viscount,341Hale,GeorgeEllery,90Hall,SirArnold,165Hall,Harvey,16Hamming,Richard,123Hanfordreactor,5Hansen,William,63,74-75Hardingarmsagreement,308Hard-targetcapability,216,217-218Harnwell,GaylordP.
,16,30,32,33Harrison,GeorgeR.
,25Hartree,DouglasR.
,123,144HarvardUniversity,expansionofphy-sicsat,51-56Harvardcomputersymposium,123Haunschild,Hans-Hilger,274onmilitaryresearch,276IndexHaynes,William,316Heath,Robinson,137Heise,Othmar,277Herbert,A.
P.
,332Hertz,Gustav,365Hertz,Heinrick,365Hickman,Roger,55HighSpeedAutomaticCalculatingMachinesConference(Britain),124High-energytheoreticians,7Hildebrand,JoelH.
,410Hill,AlbertG.
,29,97HistoricalStudiesinthePhysicalandBiologicalSciences(ed.
Heilbron),ixHoag,David,222Hofstadter,Robert,55,68Hiigenauer,Ernst,275Hollerith,Herman,126Holloway,David,357Holmes,Gordon,340Honeywellv.
SperryRand,129Hopper,Grace,123Houston,WilliamY.
,20Humanexperimentation,precedentsfor,445Hunsaker,J.
c.
,13,17Hunt,F.
Y.
,29Hydroelectricstation,firstinUSSR,300-301Hydrogenbomb,377buildingof,9Conantand,379-430Hydrogenbombadvocatesoppositionof,toConant,381Hypnosis,hysteriaand,326Hysteria,325-326IABG(Germany),261lASmachine,141,142IBM.
SeeInternationalBusinessMa-chinesCorporationIBM601,134ICBMprogram,468-469ICI,311,314Ideologypolitical,xiiofscience,xiiiI.
G.
Farbenantitrustsuitsagainst,309-310syntheticrubberand,315549IndependentResearchandDevelopment(IR&D),xxiiindustrialresearchand,470Industrial-scientificalliance,indifferenteras,87-88Inertial"gravitygradiometer,"221Inertialnavigation,192"Initialconditions,"200"Innerlaboratory"growthof,79InstituteforAdvanceStudy,123InstituteforDefenseAnalysis(IDA),9,34InstituteforInorganicChemistry(USSR),356InstituteofRadioEngineers,94-95Instrumentation,postwar,67-68InstrumentationLaboratory(MIT),196Interaction,ofexperimentersandtheor-ists,56InterimCommittee,380,383InternationalBusinessMachinesCor-poration(IBM)developmentofMarkIand,130formedfromCTR,126InternationalComputersLtd.
,146InternationalnuclearcontrolConantandOppenheimersupportof,390InternationalTimeRecordingCompany,126IonizationChambersandCounters(RossiandStaub),66Ionizationcountersystem,67Ivy,A.
c.
,441J.
Lyons&Co.
,144Jablochkov,Pavel,296,298,300Jackson,Sen.
Henry,176JapaneseSecretNavalCode,120550Jetfighterscontextofdevelopmentof,155-160developmentofAmerican,176maximumspeedofearly(figure),158ofU.
S.
andUSSR,159-160weightof(figure),159Jewett,FrankB.
,3,13,32,93oppositionof,toOfficeofTechno-logicalMobilization,102OSRDand,521-522Jewish/emigregroup,106-107Jewsfederalemploymentand,106Johnson,Kelly,176,512Johnson,Louis,452favorsH-bomb,403JointCongressionalCommitteeonAtomicEnergy(JCAE),396-397Jointproposals,ofaircraftmanufactur-ers,173Joliot,Frederic,456Jordan,HermannL.
,256"JournalofAnalyticalChemistry"(USSR),366Jungk,Robert,393Jupitermissiles,201,475Kaftanov,S.
W.
,358Kalitinsky,Andrew,435Kapiza,PjotrL.
,350Karman,Th.
von,4,169Karplus,W.
J.
,35KearfottDivision,204supportofstellar-inertialguidanceand,207,220Keldysh,v.
,163Kelly,M.
J.
,29Kelvintidemeter,127Kemble,EdwinC,7physicsatHarvard,51-53Kennan,George,380,397Kenney,W.
1.
,19Keogh,SirA.
,335Keppler,Erhard,277Kikoin,IsaakK.
,354,371Kilgore,Sen.
Harley,102,103Killian,J.
R.
,29,30Kimball,D.
A.
,30Kirkpatrick,Paul,74Kistiakowsky,GeorgeIndexonAcademy'soppositiontoConant,408,409onConant,398Klasson,RobertE.
,299Klimov,V.
,163Klystron,63Knowledgestockofscientific,xxiv-xxvasresource,xixKock,W.
E.
,29Koreanwar,8F-86sin,177jetfightersand,160MiGsin,164Korolev,S.
P.
,162,180Kroll,N.
M.
,35KronstadtMiningSchool,292Krueger,Dr.
,372Krushchev,N.
S.
,180Kurchatov,IgorV.
,350inanti-mineprotectiontechnology,353profileof,354"Kurchatovium,"350Kurth,J.
R.
,173LaboratoryofNuclearScienceandEngineering(LNS&E),25,26LaMer,VictorK.
,408Lancet,329,334Lapp,Ralph,433Larksystem,61Latimer,WendellMitchell,408resentmentof,forConant,411-412Lauritsen,CC,4,29Lavochin,S.
A.
,163Law,Adm.
F.
S.
,30Lawrence,Ernest0.
,4,32,50accomplishmentsof,atBerkeley,62H-bomband,393Oppenheimer'ssecurityclearanceand,105researchteamsand,529LawrenceRadiationLaboratory,98IndexLeed,Eric,337Legitimation,asresource,xviii-xixLehmer,D.
H.
,123LeMay,Gen.
Curtis,433Lenaerts,Ernst,144LEOcomputers,144-146Lyonsteashopsand,145rangeofusesof,146LetsomianLecturesof1916,331Leverett,M.
C.
,449,456Levin,Kenneth,325LewisReport,533Libby,WillardF.
,35,414-415Lilienthal,David,381favorsH-bomb,403-404oppositionof,toH-bomb,397LincolnLabs,9establishmentof,26purposeof,97Lindblom,Charles,499Linearmodeldependencyoftechnologyuponsci-enceof,465-467Linkages(military-university),32-35LivermoreLaboratory,9SDIand,475LNS&E.
SeeLaboratoryofNuclearScienceandEngineeringLockheedCorporation,172supportofstellar-inertialguidanceand,220Lodygin,Aleksandr,295Lofar,26LogisticsResearchProject(GeorgeWashingtonUniversity),141Lonars,224Longmire,C.
L.
,35Loomis,F.
W.
,30,33LosAlamosLaboratory,7,9inpostwarworld,98-99Low,F.
E.
,35Lucite,313MacCurdy,JohnT.
,336MacLaurin,R.
c.
,523Magnesiumcartel,309-310MagullHospital,338551Maier,Col.
O.
c.
,76MainArtilleryAdministration-GAU(USSR),293-297MainEngineeringAdministration(USSR),292-293Malingering,331,332-333,336ManhattenProject,24,55alliancetensionsand,100Greenewalt'srolein,315policiesof,100Manley,JohnH.
,389Mannedspaceflightsmilitaryuseof,278-279profitabilityof,277-278Marbury,WilliamL.
,408,421"MarchingCivilization,"64Mark1,130-131Mark3NimrodAirborneEarlyWarn-ingAircraft,501Marketpullandtechpush,xxMarmar,George,209,211Marshak,R.
E.
,8Marshall,Gen.
G.
,4,12MarshallPlan,390Mason,Max,91Mauchly,John,120,123BINACand,122ENIACand,135MaxPlanckInstitute,273May-JohnsonBill,105,390MBB,249McCann,WilliamA,20McCarthy,Sen.
JosephclaimofCommunistsinStateDepart-mentand,405eraof,8firingofArmyscientistsand,109investigationsby,101McClellan,Sen.
J.
,175-176McDonnellAircraft,172McDougall,William,329McMahon,Sen.
Brien,403McMillan,EdwinM.
,355McNamara,RobertS.
,171,472MIRVand,477MechanicsInstitute(USSR),163Mehling,Ted,208552Meiling,Dr.
Richard,442,447Meitner,Lise,364MerchantsofLight(Bacon),6Messershmitt(Germany),155Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm,251,258MetallurgicalLaboratory(Chicago),7,8,56Michelson,AlbertA.
,16,80Michelsonharmonicanalyser,127Microsociology,oftechnicalcommun-ity,231MicrowaveLaboratory(Duke),98MicrowaveResearchInstitute(BrooklynPolytechnicInstitute),98Microwavetechniques(wartime),69MiG(USSR),164originofname,163successorstoMiG15,165-166,168Mikoyan,Artem,163Mikoyan-Gurevichdesignteam,164Militaryvs.
civiliancontrol,94Militarycontrolofscience,108Militarydiscipline,objectificationof,xviiMilitaryEnterpriseandTechnologicalChange(ed.
Smith),ixMilitary-industrialcomplex,Eisenhow-er'swarningabout,xiMilitaryjustice,roleofdoctorsin,331-332MilitaryLiaisonCommittee,454Militaryreadiness,inpeacetime,11MilitaryR&Dcomparativeprospective,507-513IR&D,508-509managingweaponsprogramsand,509-511scale,507-508secrecyand,511-513expenditures(figure),484fundingpatternsof,xxvopenessof,510-511table,95MilitaryR&D(Britain),481-506drivingforcesof,495-503institutionsand,487-494government,487-492industry,494-494universities,494leader/followerstatusof,508officialviewof,500-503scaleandscopeof,481-487IndexMilitarystrategy,andtechnology,34Militarytechnology,sociologyof,187-241Millikan,ClarkB.
,7,20MineOfficerClass(USSR),301MineSchool(USSR),297MinistryofAircraftProduction(USSR),162MinistryofDefence(Britain),486MinistryofDefenceResearchEstablish-ments(table),491MinistryofDefense(Germany),510MinistryforNuclearQuestions(Ger-many),248MinistryforScientificResearch(Ger-many),248MinistryofSupply(Britain),124MinutemanII,200MIRV(Multiple,IndependentlyTarget-ableReentryVehicles),212Misa,Tom,302Missileduplication,issueof,475-476MIT(MassachusettsInstituteofTech-nology)basicresearchstoryof,24-28DivisionofIndustrialCooperationof,528asentrepreneurialuniversity,585-540asalternativemodelofhigheredu-cation,516-520militaryand,523-527financialproblemsof,524foundingof,516-517growthintograduateresearchinstitu-tion,533vs.
Harvard(1870-1920),519-520impactofwarand,531-532legitimizationresearchteamand,529-531linkagestoindustryand,522frompolytechnicidealtoentrepre-neur,537-539Indexpostwar,534-537ResearchLaboratoryofAppliedChemistry,519ResearchLaboratoryofPhysicalChemistry,519sizeof(table),532TechnologyPlanand,524underCompton,526venturecapitalindustryand,534-537MMRBM,201-202cancellationofprogram,206controversyover,202MobileMedium-RangeBallisticMissile(MMRBM),201-205ModelIIRelayCalculator,128Moe,C.
R.
,21MoeCommittee,The,20Molotov,V.
M.
,357Momsen,Adm.
,28-29Monsanto,308OakRidgeand,317Montgomery,D.
1.
,61,83n36MooreSchoolcomputersymposium,123Morgenthauplan,365MorrillActof1862,516-517Morrison,Philip,108Morse,Philip,16,26,29Morse,RobertW.
,18Morton,Frederic,467MOSAIC(MinistryofSupplyAutoma-ticIntegratorandComputer),124MoscowAviationInstitute,162MoscowUniversity,163Mott,Frederick,330-331"MyFightAgainstTeamResearch,"80Myers,Charles,329-330,341onmalingering,332-333Multiple,independentlytargetablere-entryvehicles(MIRV),476,477-478Multiplestarsightings,ofSovietmissile,214NAREC(NavalResearchElectronicComputer),141553NAS-26,198NationalAcademyofSciences(NAS),89Conantand,380,407NationalAdvisoryCommitteeforAero-nautics(NACA),17,87NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAd-ministration(NASA)Spacelaband,250succeedsNACA,95NationalBureauofStandards,109NationalDefenseResearchCommittee(NDRC),87,382NationalInstitutesofHealth,15NationalMilitaryEstablishment,447NationalPhysicalLaboratory(Britain),124NationalResearchCouncil(NRC),90-91NationalResearchFoundation,15NationalsecurityfederalR&Dstructureand,465militaryR&Dand,476NationalSecurityAgency,139NationalScienceFoundation(NSF),8legislationfor,15proposalfor,andscientificelite,103universitylinkageand,522NationalVentureCapitalAssociation,537NATOantisubmarinewarfarecapacitiesof,213-214Franceand,202GermanDefenseMinistryand,262NavalObservatory,16NavalPostgraduateSchool,22NavalResearchAdvisoryCommittee(NRAC),19NavalResearchLaboratory,8-9reactionof,toOSRD,94telemeteringsystemof,61Navyimprovedaccuracyprogramof,224supportofbasicresearchby,16NavyConsultingBoard,16Nebel-BraunGroup,245554"Needtoknow"concept,88Neely,FrederickR.
,434Net,JohnU.
,515NEPA.
SeeNuclearEnergyforPropul-sionforAircraftNeumann,Johnvon,123,141administrativeeliteand,107storedprogramsand,136Neurasthenia,327-330NewAtlantis(Bacon),6NewEnglandCouncil,521,526-527"NewProducts"Committeeof,534NewYorkTimes,31,421,433Newell,Dr.
RobertE.
,437,438,441Newman,M.
H.
A.
,137NewmanLaboratoryforNuclearStud-ies(Cornell),27Nichols,H.
,60Niebuhr,Reinhold,400Nimitz,Adm.
ChesterW.
,19Nitze,PaulH.
,406-407Nixon,Pres.
R.
,9Noble,David,538NORC(NavalOrdnanceResearchCal-culator),139Nordsieck,A.
,29NorthAmericanAviationCorporation,173startrackingand,196Northrop,JohnF.
,170NorthropAircraftCorporationpersistencewithstellar-inertialguid-ance,198startrackingand,196"NotYetDiagnosedNervous,"orN.
Y.
D.
N.
,340Noyes,A.
A.
,519Noyes,WilliamA.
,20NSF.
SeeNationalScienceFoundationNuclearLab(Chicago),27Nuclearphysics,8Kemble'sviewon,52Nuclearpowerdevelopmentof,andAEC,26Nuclearsupremacy,racefor,384Nuclearweaponsgoalsof,187internationalcontrolof,381technicalmeansof,187Nucleonics,48Nucleonics,68NUKEM,364"Number9,"362NurembergTrials,441IndexNuclearEnergyPropulsionforAircraft(NEPA),432-450passimcontinuancevs.
completionofproject,452-456institutionalinterestsin,450newaircraftvs.
researchproject,452-453unintendedconsequencesofproject,456-457NyeCommittee,317Nylon,311developmentprogramof,312productionof,314OakRidgeLaboratory,28inpostwarworld,98separationplantof,5OfficeofNavalResearch(ONR),xix,7,15-20computerdevelopmentand,140-143foundingof,15-16functionsof,17fundingby,8goalsof,21-24physicscommunityof,11Princetoncollaborationand,61programclassificationof,23researchpolicyof,18Rooseveltand,15sizeof,17sponsorshipofresearchand,141OfficeofOrdnanceResearch(Army),23OfficeofProductionManagement,312OfficeofResearchandInventions(ORI),16,124OfficeofScientificResearch(AirForce),23OfficeofScientificResearchandDevel-opment(OSRD),3,87,169,382Indexdisbandingof,13foundingof,521lessonslearnedfrom,71planfor,523-524wrestingcontrolby,9OfficeofTechnologicalMobilization,102OfficeofWarTrainingCourses,54OfficialSecretsAct(Britain),137,511ONRSeeOfficeofNavalResearchOSRD.
SeeOfficeofScientificResearchandDevelopmentOpacity,inmilitarytechnology,187Oppenheimer,J.
Robert,xviii,4,7,20,32,379awardedFermiPrize,110,421atBerkeleyRadiationLab,52downfallof,6atLosAlamos,27asscientist-politician,49securitycaseof,88,107trialof,3OpytnoyieKonstrukborskoyieBuro(OKB),163OrdnanceDepartment(Army),124Orientation,problemsof,200Osborn,Frederick,391"Outerlaboratory,"formationof,79"Overcoat"mission,59P-61BlackWidowaircraft,170Page,Herbert,329Panasyuk,V.
S.
,357PanelonAtomicWarfare,446-447"PanelonMedicalAspectsofAtomicWarfare,"443Pareto,Vilfredo,xxviParisInternationalExhibition,298Patents,grantedtocontractors,96Patterson,W.
,12Peacetime,militaryreadinessin,11Peenemunde,59,245People'sCommissariat(Ministry)forHeavyIndustry,352Pervuchin,M.
G.
,357,360Petrushevskii,VasiliiF.
,293,294-295electricaltechniciansand,299555Phenol,productionof,308Photoelectricdetection,WWIIand,192PhysicalReview,353,362PhysicalSciencesPanel(Harvard),51Physico-TechnicalInstitute(USSR),163Physicist,redefinitionof,78Physicscommunityidentityof,85-86n79cultureof,duringwartime,77-81democratizationof,27expansionandrepositioningof,50-65influenceofAmerican,9militaryresearchand,5-6"militarization"of,xviiimission-directedresearchof,79studyof,inuniversities,76underwritingresearchof,78Pierce,J.
A.
,29Pinkau,Klaus,273Pinkerton,J.
M.
M.
,145Piore,EmanuelR,18-19,23Pirotskii,FeodorA.
,293,296Pitzer,Kenneth,99,394,411,412onloyaltyofOppenheimer,413supportofH-bombby,412Planimeters,126PlasticHorizons,312"PleaforCloserLookatU.
S.
Security,"31,44n66Plexiglas,313PluggableSequenceRelayCalculator(PSRC),134-135Plutonium,315Poisongas,xviPoliticalendsvs.
technicalmeans,231Polytechnicians,517-518Polyethylene,311Polymers,310-312,318Pomeranchuk,IsaakJacovlevich,355Potter,RK.
,29Pound,R.
V.
,97Power-nonpowerschematism,xvPresident'sScientificAdvisoryCommit-tee(PSAC),dismantlingof,9PriceofPower,The(Baldwin),434556PrincetonUniversityexpansionofphysicsat,56scintillationcounterof,61V-2expeditionof,61PrivyCouncilOffice(Britain),91Professionalismofscience,technology,militaryspheres,xxiiProjectACE,145ProjectCharles,26ProjectHartwell,xix,28-32linkagesand,32reportof,30-31ProjectHindsight,466industrialresearchand,470ProjectLamplight,26ProjectMac,140ProjectWhirlwind,27Projectsforscientificwarfare,78Proportionalcounters,68"ProposalforaCooperativeLaboratoryofExperimentalScience,A"(Smyth),69-70Proto-computers,127-133Psychoanalysis,324Pugwashsymposium,222Pugwashmovement,363Pulse-heightanalysers,68Punched-cardmachines,126Purcell,EdwardM.
,29,31,53,55nuclearmagneticinductionand,97Pureinertialsystem,188Qclearance,30"Qualitativearmsrace,"476-477"QueenSquaremethod,"336-337R&DBritain,495-500U.
S.
,armsraceand,465-480Rabi,I.
I.
,4,32,397onConant,398Oppenheimercaseand,107RadLab(MIT),7,8activityof,530-531aircraftcommunicationandtrackingand,170DuBridgeon,4-5locationof,522RadarCountermeasures,55RadarProject,55Radiationexperimentsethicaldebateand,443-450Indexhowmuchshieldingisnecessary432-434inadequacyofdataand,437-439initialanalysisofethicalissuesof,439-441needforcriteriafromradiationbiol-ogyand,434-437proposalsforhumanresearchand,441-443proposalofNEPAdefeated,448RadiationLaboratory(Berkeley),28Conantand,411RadiationLaboratory(Columbia),98RadioResearchLaboratory(Harvard),64,97"Railwayspine,"327Rajchman,Jan,123Ramsey,Adm.
D.
C,19Rayner,Lord,503RaytheonCompany,521,526Reagan,Pres.
R.
SOland,xi,xiiWEUprojectand,251"RedAtomicCzar,"350Rees,Mina,140Reines,F.
,35Remotelypilotedvehicles(RPVs),512ResearchAssociate,positionof,25ResearchBoardforNationalSecurity,13,15ResearchConstructionCorporation(RCe),530-531Researchlaboratories,inpostwarworld,98-99ResearchLaboratoryofElectronics(MIT),24,97Reversesalient,193Reviewsa/ScientificInstruments,67Rhumbatron,63Richards,A.
N.
,408Rickover,Capt.
H.
G.
,26IndexRiehl,Nikolaus,358-359,363-364describeshisjobinUSSR,367onSovietbombeffort,361Rilsenhuber,ResearchMinister,257onEUREKA-sponsoredresearch,274-275Rivers,W.
H.
R.
,338Robb,Roger,396,412,420Roberts,R.
B.
,29Roberts,Walter,61RockefellerFoundation,91-92AmericanInstituteofPhysicsand,21RockwellInternational,172Rogers,WilliamBarton,517-518RohmandHaas,313RollsRoyceNeveengine,164Romanov,Gen.
-Adm.
K.
N.
,298Roosevelt,Pres.
F.
D.
asAssistantSecretaryofNavy,16creationofOSRDand,93ResearchBoardforNationalSecurityand,15Rosenbergs,JuliusandEthel,107,375Rosenbluth,M.
N.
,35Rossi,Bruno,8,25,66-67Rossiexperiment,67Rounds,Stephen,209,211Rowe,Hartley,397Rows,R.
G.
,337RoyalRadarEstablishment(laterRSRE-Britain),100Rubel,JohnH.
,202Rudnev,K.
,163Riihl,Lothar,262Russianfactoriesmilitarypostingsand,293-294.
SeealsoUSSRRussianmilitary,asconsumer,302.
SeealsoUSSRRussianTechnicalSociety,296,297membershipof,304-305n33Sacharov,Andrej,350-351Saran,313Sassoon,Siegfried,338Saenger,Eugen,245Saengershuttle,245557SAGE(Semi-AutomaticGroundEnvi-ronment),139SaltI,476Sands,M.
,25Sapolsky,Harvey,111,219SATRACK,224Saturnrocket,developmentof,245Savenyagin,Lt.
Gen.
AbramPavlovich,359SBIC,537Schepkin,K.
J.
,355Scheutz,GeorgeandEdward,125Schockly,W.
B.
,30Schreyer,Helmut,131-132Schuetze,Dr.
,369Schuleroscillation,240n91Schwinger,Julian,8,51,53,55Science,postwarmilitaryallianceand,4Science,408,410Scienceeducation,veteransand,54Science:TheEndlessFrontier(Bush),13-14ScienceandthemilitaryConant'salarmabout,415-416asfieldofstudy,xxiii-xxvipatternsofinteraction,xiii-xxiiiScientificalliance,threatofdissolutionof,102Scientificcommunityesteemofmilitaryprojectsand,33leadershipof,32-33Scientificelite,88-89originsofAmerican,89-93positionof,overtheyears,102Scientificworkplacereorganization,69-77Scientificationofmilitary,xi-xiiiofmodemsocieties,xxScientists,indefenseindustries,471ScientistsAgainstNuclearArms(SANA),504Scott,J.
D.
,492Seaborg,Glenn,397SEAC(StandardsEasternAutomaticComputer),141Sears,W.
R.
,4558Secrecy,inmilitarytechnology,187SecretBattle,The(Herbert),332Security,inscience,88,109SeismologicalInstituteoftheAcademyofScience(USSR),355-356Seldovich,JakovBorissovich,354Sellem,W.
A.
,442Semyonov,NikolaiNikolajevitch,352Servos,John,538SeryinoyieKonstrukborskoyieBuro(SKB),163Shannon,Claude,123,127Sharagas,162Sharpless,Kite,135Shatelen,M.
A.
,302Shellshockcontroversyover,323-324diagnosisof,335-336droppingofterm,340-341theorieson,329-331treatmentof,336-339Sherman,Adm.
F.
P.
,29,30Sherwin,M.
,156ShipsInertialNavigationSystem(SINS),213Shukov,Marshal,369Shulman,Hyman,204Shute,Neville(J.
Norway),157SignalCorpsLaboratory,8-9Silva,Capt.
Pierde,100Skilling,H.
,74"SkunkWorks"(Lockheed),512Skybolt,201Sobolev,S.
,371Socialstudiesofscience,xiiiSocialsystems,theoryof,xiv-xvSocietyofLoversofNature,296-297Sociologyoftechnology,negotiationand,229-230Solid-statephysics,31-32Kemble'sviewon,51Solidstatetheoreticians,7Solzhenitsyn,A.
,162Sombart,Werner,515Sommeoffensive,339-340SoundBarrier,The(DukeandLanch-berry),157Southborough,Lord,341Slater,Johnc.
,17,25onTruman'sviewofRLE,97IndexSmallBusinessInvestmentActof1958,537Smirnov,A.
I.
,299Smith,A.
E.
,142Smith,CyrilS.
,397SmithsonianInstitution,89Smokelesspowder,U.
S.
chemicalindus-tryand,308Smyth,Henry,56Princetonphysicslaband,69-72Smyth,H.
D.
,373Snarkmissile,197-198Spacearena(European)interestgroupsin,252-264Spacelobby(European)structureof(figure),253Spacetechnology,potentialcivilianuseof,277Spacelab(European),250Spangenberg,Karl,74Spath,Lothar,257SpecialProjectsOffice(Navy),216,217SperryGyroscopeCompany,63Sputnik,launchof,25SS-N-8(USSR),214Stabilization(stellarguidance)beginningsof,205-212defined,190reasonsforfailureof,196-197Stableplatform,192figure,193Stalin,JosefV.
,164,357atatombombtest,376Potsdammeetingand,368-369Starsightingfigure,195superiorityof,192StarWars.
SeeStrategicDefenseInitia-tiveStaub,H.
,66Staudinger,Hermann,310StanfordUniversityexpansionofphysicsat,63-65microwavelabat,74IndexStanfordLinearAccelerator,64StateDefenseCommittee(USSR),352Stechin,B.
,163StellarAcquisitionFlightFeasibility(STAFF)program,206-207Stellar-inertialguidance,187-241bureaucraticpoliticsand,218-220countriesinvolvedwith,190defined,188fleetballisticmissileprogramand,215-229isitnecessary223-224limitationsontechnologyof,227-228lingeringdoubtsabout,223nationalstrategyand,216-218objectionsto,195-196organizationalnegotiationof,226-229silo-based,215testing,205-207willitwork221-222Stellar-inertialsystemsfigure,194MMRBMand,203-205Stern,Marvin,35Stettinius,EdwardR.
,Jr.
,312Stevenson,Martin,204Stibitz,George,119,123computerexperimentationof,127Stimson,HenryL.
,4,383STINGSprogram,204Stone,Martin,324,342Stone,RobertS.
,437,441defenseofradiationexperimentsby,444-446StrategicAirCommand(SAC),171StrategicDefenseInitiative(SDI),xi,475disarmamentand,xiienvironmentand,xviGermanyand,257Strategicmilitarydoctrine,469StrategyStudyofSpaceFlight(DFVLR),255Stratton,Julius,29,30,32,33,97Strauss,Adm.
Lewis,20,380,421onH-bomb,403Strauss-Teller-Lawrenceposition,382559Street,JabezCurry,53STRETCH(SpaceTechnologyRequire-mentsEngineeringTestofCompo-nentHardware),139Styrence,315Styrofoam,315"SuggestionsfortheInternationalOrga-nizationofScienceandResearch,"91SurveyofAutomaticDigitalComputers(Blackman),143SurveyofDomesticComputingSystems,A(Weik),143SurveyofLarge-ScaleComputersandComputerProjects(1947,1948),142-143Surveyofultranucleonics,58-59SurveysofDigitalComputers,142SurvivalintheAirAge(President'sCommission),451SWAC(StandardsWesternAutomaticComputer),141Swope,Gerard,93Symington,Sen.
Stuart,510Synchrocyclotrons,7Syntheticrubber,311Systems,boundariesof,xvi-xviiSzilard,Leo,353,356Americanscienceand,107TabulationsofAvailableData,439TacticalAirCommand(TAC),171Technicalsatisficing,180Technicalmeans,vs.
politicalends,231Technical/politicaldichotomy,232-233Technology,testingof,224TechnologyPlan,521,534receiptsof(table),525Teflon,311,314TelecommunicationsResearchEstab-lishment(Britain),124Teledyne-RyanRPVsand,512Telemeteringsystems,61Teller,Edward,8,27,383administrativeeliteand,107560vs.
Conant,413Oppenheimercase,107supportofH-bomband,394-395thermonuclearweaponsand,473Terman,Frederick,63,64,537"Terriblesecret,"337Textron,172TFXfighter,173controversyover,175-176Thiessen,P.
,365ThomasJ.
WatsonComputingBureau(Columbia),126Thompson,Raymond,144Thompson,R.
W.
,25Thormissile,201,475ThroopManualTrainingSchool,519Tikhomirov,V.
I.
,166Tobey,Ronald,91Tolman,RC,3Toluene,318Topping,Capt.
R.
L.
,225Townes,C.
H.
,35Trauma,socialresponsibilityfor,329Treiman,L.
H.
,35TridentIsystem,188"True-untrue"schematismof,xvTruman,Pres.
H.
S.
DuPontnuclearplantand,317Potsdammeetingand,368-369Science:TheEndlessFrontierand,13-14terminationofRadiationLaboratoryand,97thermonuclearweaponsand,379Trumandoctrine,390TRW,anddefensework,173Tupolev,A.
N.
,162,163TupolevTu-20aircraft,351Turboprops,180-181Turing,Alan,123,124,137computingmachinetheoryof,127Turner,W.
A1dren,335Tuve,MerrillA.
,4,13Tveritinov,Ie.
R,299,302Two-starsighting,195,204Ulam,Stanislav,415Ulke,Helmut,273Ultranucleonics,surveyof,58-59UnionCarbide,310,313,314USSRairplanedesignof40sin,165Indexattitudeofaeronauticalengineersof,178-179developmentoftransportaircraftin,180-181economyafterWWII,161electrificationofArmy,292-297civilianmarket,300-303Navy,297-300electronicdesignersin,168expansionof,156fighterdevelopmentprogramof,160-169firstatomicbombin,349-378Communistpartyand,360espionageand,373-375finalstepsof,375-377Germanscientistsand,363-367KGBand,358-363laboratorystageof,352-358secondfrontand,369stressof,361-363technologyeffortof,367-373transfertechnologyand,373-375industrialconditionafterWWII,160-161internationalnuclearcontrolpropo-salsand,388militaryand,157,291-305in19thcentury,291-292objectivetomeetneedsand,182organizationofenterprisein,161-162politicaldisruptionafterWWII,161productionmethodsin,166-167stellar-guidedmissilesof,188stellar-inertialguidanceand,212-215supersonicfightersof,167-168Unistar,207-212doubtsabout,210stabilizationofstellar-inertialguid-anceand,210-212IndexU.
S.
aircraftcontractingsystemof,179aircraftdesignandmanufacturein,169,170-178chemicalindustryin,307-322developmentoftransportaircraftin,180-181fighterdevelopmentprogramof,169-178lossofrawmaterialsourcesand,307,308,315marketmechanismsof,181militaryaviationprocurementpolicyof,174postwarindustryof,169R&Dof,comparedtoBritain,507-513stellar-inertialguidancesystemof(figure),212UnitedStatesNavalAcademy,128U.
S.
andSovietJetFighters,155-185thrust-to-weightratioof(figure),167U.
S.
SteelCorporation,312UNIVACI,121,139Universitiescomputerdevelopmentand,123militaryresearchcontractsand,xxiiUniversityGrantsCommittee(Britain)researchinuniversitiesand,494UniversityofRhodeIslandGraduateSchoolofOceanography,22Urey,HaroldC,414"UseofHighSpeedVacuumTubeDevicesforCalculating,The"(Mauchly),135Ustinov,D.
,163V-Ibuzzbomb,59,245V2-Vergeltungswaffe,59,192,245Valley,G.
E.
,25VanAllen,James,277VanVleck,JohnH.
,7,55,98Vannikov,BorisL.
,357Varianbrothers,63Velichko,Gen.
F.
K.
,300VelocityMeasurementSonar,228Verkhovskii(USSR),299Veterans,scienceeducationand,54Vidicontube,207figure,208Vinson,Rep.
Carl,472Vinylresins,313VK-lengine,164Volmer,Max,365561VPRS,aVelocityandPositionRefer-enceSystem,224Walker,W.
H.
,519Walsh,JohnB.
,225Warcultureofphysicsand,77-81politicalsystemsand,xvii-xviiiscientificprojectsfor,78Warneuroses,inGreatBritain,323-345Warsurplusmaterials,55Wartrainingcourses,54Ward,J.
Carlton,434,435War/postwarcontinuities,65-69Warren,Shields,436,441-442AECDivisionofBiologyandMedi-cineand,444humanexperimentationand,437WashingtonPost,31Waterboilerreactor,67Waterman,AlanT.
,14,140NSFand,104Watson,K.
M.
,35Watson,ThomasJ.
,126Weaponsculture,xxviWeaponsvs.
strategicdoctrine,469WeaponsSystemEvaluationGroup(DoD),34Weaver,Warren,20,91Weik,MartinH.
,143Weil,B.
H.
,316Weisskopf,V.
F.
,25,27Weldon,F.
L.
,29WesternEntente,90WesternEuropeanUnion(WEU),251,260Europeanspaceprogramand,262revitalizationof,262Wheeler,JohnA.
,56,355562oncollaboration,72goalsof,forPrinceton,58WhirlwindI,141-142White,MiltonGo,30,33,61oncollaborativelabs,73-74WhiteSands,59-60Wiener,Norbert,123onmilitarycontrolofscience,108researchteamsand,529Wiesner,Jerome,29,31,970478Wilkes,Mauriceoncomputerspecialists,122-123EDSACand,137HighSpeedconferenceand,124Williams,R.
Wo,25Williams,SoBo,127Willis,Thomas,325Wilson,C.
Eo,13Wilson,EoBright,398Wilson,Robert,27Wilson,PresoWoodrow,90Wingflutterproblem,133WorldPeaceCouncil,medalof,350WoridWarIlegitimacyofnervousdisorderand,325scientificeliteand,90shellshockin,328warneurosesand,323WorldWarIIcharacterofscienceand,3computerdevelopmentand,12Heffectof,onscientificfunding,4Hfabricationtechnologyand,310warneurosesand,334-342Wright-Pattersonfacility,9lilt/exYakovlev,AlexanderSo,163,357YakovlevandLovochkindesignteam,164Yeager,Charles,177York,Herbert,385,467onmissileduplicationissue,475-476onopponentsofH-bomb,399-400researchforsuperiorweaponsand,474onRussianarmsrace,475onscientificadvisorysystem,472Zcalculatingmachines,131-133Zacharias,JerroldR.
,25,27,33CommitteeonUnderseaWarfareand,29projectsof,26Zhukovskii,NoEo,162ZhukovskiiMilitaryAirAcademy,162Zuckerman,Lord,502-503Zuse,Konrad,120,131-132contributionsoftocomputerdevelop-ment,138