E5sandybridge
sandybridge 时间:2021-03-27 阅读:()
2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.
2OutlineParallelSystemdescription.
p775,p460anddx360M4,HardwareandSoftwareCompileroptionsandlibrariesused.
WRFtunableparametersforscalingruns.
nproc_x,nproc_y,numtiles,nio_groups,nio_tasks_per_groupWRFI/OSerialandParallelnetcdflibrariesfordataI/O.
WRFruntimeparametersforscalingruns.
SMT,MPItaskgrids,OpenMPthreads,quiltingtasks.
WRFperformancecomponentsforscalingruns.
Computation,Communication,I/O,loadImbalance.
WRFscalingrunresultsonp775,p460anddx360M4.
Conclusions.
2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
3IBMPOWER7p775system(P7-IH)2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
2012IBMCorporation/464002///--/-/-((ManagementandNetworkRack7316TF3KEYBDISP2MMDU7316TF3KEYBDISP1BLANKBLANKBLANKPDUPDBLANKBLANKAirDuct4273J48Ex481GE,210GEBlank4273J48Ex481GE,210GEBlank7042-CR6HMC17042-CR6HMC2EMS-2p7508W32GB)EMS-1p7508W32GB)HDD(6HDD)HDD(6HDD)7042-CR6HMC3.
.
.
.
.
.
-+464002P+-//U-+464002P+-//U-+464002P+-//UComputeFrameARack001ComputeFrameBRack002ComputeFrameCRack003SimilartotheoldECMWFsystem,WaterCooledRack:3Supernodes;Supernode:4drawers;Drawer:32POWER7chips;Chip:8POWER7cores.
32Cores/node@3.
86GHz,256GB/node,8GB/core,1024cores/drawer,3072cores/rack,L1:32KBinstruction/32KBdata;L2:256KB/core;L3:4MB/core,DualmemorychannelDisklessnode,TorrentPOWER7chip,GiGEadaptorsonservicenodesHFIfibrenetwork,4xstorage(GPFS)nodes,3xDiskEnclosures.
AIX7.
1,XLF14,VAC12,GPFS,IBMParallelEnvironment,LoadLevelerMPIprofileLibrary,FloatingPointMonitor,VectorandScalarMassLibraries4IBMPOWER7p460Pureflexsystem(Firebird)CMAsystempartition,AirCooled,RearDoorHeatExchangers.
Rack:4chassis;Chassis:7nodes;Node:4POWER7chips;Chip:8POWER7cores32Cores/node@3.
55GHz,128GB/node,4GB/core,224cores/chassis,896cores/rack,L1:32KBinstruction/32KBdata;L2:256KB/core;L3:4MB/core,singlememorychannel2HDpernode,2QDRDualportInfinibandadaptors,GiGEDualRailFattreeInfinibandnetwork,10xp740storage(GPFS)nodes,8xDSC3700devices.
AIX7.
1,XLF14,VAC12,GPFS,IBMParallelEnvironment,LoadLevelerMPIprofileLibrary,VectorandScalarMassLibraries2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
ComputeRack14Chassis,28nodesComputeRack24Chassis,28nodesComputeRack34Chassis,28nodesComputeRack44Chassis,28nodesComputeRack54Chassis,28nodesStorageRack110xp470nodesStorageRack28xDSC3700+QDRInfinibandRack14Switches/managementComputeRack64Chassis,28nodesComputeRack74Chassis,28nodesComputeRack84Chassis,28nodesComputeRack94Chassis,28nodesComputeRack104Chassis,28nodes5IBMiDataplexdx360M4system(Sandybridge)2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
NCEPWCOSSsystempartition,AirCooled,RearDoorHeatExchangersRack:72Nodes;Node:2Inteldx360m4sockets;Socket:8IntelE5-2670Sandybridgecores.
16Cores/node@2.
6GHz,32GB/node,2GB/core,1152cores/rack,L1:32KBinstruction/32KBdata;L2:256KB/core;L3:20MBsharedper8cores1HDpernode,MellanoxconnectX-FDR,10GiGEportsMellanoxIB4XFDRfullbisectionFatTreenetwork,10x3650M4storagenodes,20xDSC3700RHEL6.
2,IntelFORTRAN13,C11,GPFS,IBMParallelEnvironment,PlatformLSFMPIprofileLibraryComputeRack172nodesComputeRack272nodesComputeRack372nodesComputeRack472nodesComputeRack572nodesComputeRack672nodesComputeRack772nodesComputeRack872nodesInfinibandRack1FDR14I/ORack210nodesI/ORack212DSC37006TestedSystemsSummary2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.
16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOPCorefrequncy(GHz)Memory(GB/core)CorestestedVectorSMT/HTsettingsICFabricOSStorageCompilersParallelEnvrnmntQueueingsystemsLibrariesp7753.
868(Alldimmsoccupied)6144VSXonlyforintrinsicsSMT4(SMT2to2048cores)HFIAIX7.
1GPFS4NSD3DiskEnclsrIBMXLCompilers(AIXv14)IBMPEforAIXLoadLevelerMPIProfile,MASS,HardwarePerfrmnceMonitorp4603.
554(Alldimmsoccupied)8192VSXOnlyforIntriscicsSMT4(SMT2to512cores)QDRDual-RailInfinibandFatTreeAIX7.
1GPFS10NSD8DSC3700IBMXLCompilers(V14)IBMPEforAIXLoadLevelerMPIProfile,MASSdx360M42.
62(Alldimmsoccupied)6144AVXEverywhereHT(Notused)FDRSingleRailInfinibandFatTreeRHEL6.
2GPFS10NSD20DSC3700IntelStudio13CompilersIBMPEforlinuxLSFMPIProfile7WRFv3.
3CompilerOptions2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.
16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOPIdenticalWRFcodewasusedCOMPILEROptionsLibrariesp775FCOPTIM=-O3–qhot–qarch=pwr7–qtune=pwr7FCBASEOPTS=-qsmp=omp-qcache=auto–qfloat=rsqrtnetcdf,pnetcdf,massp7_simd,massvp7,mpihpmp460FCOPTIM=-O3–qhot–qarch=pwr7–qtune=pwr7FCBASEOPTS=-qsmp=omp-qcache=auto–qfloat=rsqrtnetcdf,pnetcdf,massp7_simd,massvp7,mpitracedx360M4FCOPTIM=-O3-xAVX-fp-modelfast=2–ipFCBASEOPTS=-ip-fno-alias-w-ftz-no-prec-div-no-prec-sqrt-alignall–openmpnetcdf,pnetcdf,mpitrace8WRFtunablesforscalingrunsWRFrunspecificsasdefinedinnamelist.
input:5kmhorizontalresolution,6sectimestep,12-hourforecast.
2200X1200X28gridpoints.
Oneoutputfileperforecastinghour.
FourBoundaryreadseverythreeforecasthours.
SameWRFtunableswereusedforeverysystem,basedonselectionsthatyieldedoptimalperformanceonthep775system.
nproc_x:LogicalMPItaskpartitioninx-direction.
nproc_y:LogicalMPItaskpartitioniny-direction.
numtiles:NumberoftilesthatcanbeusedinOpenMP.
nproc_xXnproc_y=numberofMPItasks.
Criticalincomparingcommunicationcharacteristics.
SMTwasusedonlyontheIBMPOWERsystems.
SMTwasemployedonPOWERsystemsbyusingtwoOpenMPthreadsperMPItask.
SMT2wasusedforrunswithlessthan2048coresonp775(Bestperformance).
SMT2wasusedforrunswithlessthan512coresonp460(Bestperformance).
Hyper-threadingwasnotbeneficialondx360M4system(notused).
2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
9WRFI/OI/OreadingandwritingofWRFvariables.
13I/Owritesteps,eachwritinga7.
5GBfile.
1ReadfortheInitialconditions(6.
74GBfile).
4Readsfortheboundaryconditions(1.
47GBseach).
Dataingestscannotbedoneasynchronously.
Parallelnetcdfwasusedfordataingests(MPI-IO)forallscalingrunsReadoption11forinitialandboundarydata.
I/Onetcdfquiltingwasusedtowritedatafiles.
AssignthesameI/Otasksandgroupsonallthreesystemsforeachofthescalingruns.
LastI/Ostepisdonesynchronously,sinceWRFcomputationsterminate.
QuiltingI/OtimesonWRFtimersreportI/Osynchronizationtimeonly.
I/OisdonebyquiltingtasksontheI/Osubsystemwhilecomputetaskscompute.
I/OParallelnetcdfquiltingwasnotused.
CanfurtherimproveI/Owritingsteps,especiallythelastI/Ostep.
EarlyWRFversionhadproblemswithIBMParallelEnvironmentandparallelnetcdf.
2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
10WRFuniformvariablestunables2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
Unchangedvariablesonallsystemsforthesamenumberofphysicalcoresnproc_x;nproc_y,nio_groups,nio_tasks_per_group,numtilesPerformanceonPOWERsystemswasfoundtobealwaysbetterwhen:nproc_x1evenforrunswithasingleOpenMPthread.
numtiles>1actsasacacheblockmechanism(likeNPROMA)p775andp460arefavoredagainstdx360M4Forthetestingscenariosifnproc_x2didnothaveaneffectonperformance.
Choiceofnproc_x,nproc_y,numtiles:Wasbasedonbestperformanceonthep775numtiles=4wassetasanadvantageondx360M411WRFruntimeparametersTaskaffinity(binding)wasusedinalltestruns.
SMT/HT:ON–greenbackground(OneextraOpenMPthread),OFF–yellowbackground.
Variables:OpenMPthreads,numtiles,MPItasks,nproc_x,nproc_y,nio_groups,nio_tasks_per_groupPhysical/Logicalcores=OpenMP_threads*(nproc_x*nproc_y+nio_groups*nio_tasks_per_group)2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
Numberofp775nodesOpenMPThreadsNumberofp460nodesOpenMPThreadsNumberofdx360nodesOpenMPThreadsnumtilesNumberofcoresMPITasksnproc_xxnproc_ynio_groupsxnio_tasks_per_group42428141281244x311x4828216142562526x421x416216232145125048x631x83243226424102450611x461x64844829624153676019x401x8644642128242048102020x511x496496419244307276019x401x812841284256444096102017x601x419241924384446144153018x851x612WRFRunstatisticsRunsonp775weredonewiththeMPIHPMlibrary:CollectHardwareperformancemonitordata(smalloverhead).
ScaleHPMdatatop460anddx360M4systemsbyfrequencyratios)EstimateSustainedGFLOPratesonallsystems.
SystemPeakrate=(numberofcoresx8xcorefrequency).
CollectMPIcommunicationstatistics.
Runsonp460anddx360M4weredonewiththeMPITRACElibrary:CollectMPIcommunicationstatistics.
MPIcommunicationfromtracelibrariescanhelpestimate:Communication:(minimumcommunicationamongallMPItasksinvolved).
LoadImbalance:(mediancommunication–minimumcommunication).
AccumulationofinternalWRFtimerscanhelpestimate:ReadI/Otimes(initialfilereadtime+boundaryreadtimes).
WriteI/Otimes(I/OWritequiltingtimefromsynchronization+LastI/OWritetimestep).
LastI/Owritestep:~(totalelapsedtime–totaltimefrominternaltimers).
TotalComputation(Purecomputation+communication+Loadimbalance).
2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
13WRFScalingResults2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
0.
002000.
004000.
006000.
008000.
0010000.
0012000.
0014000.
0016000.
0018000.
0020000.
00128256512102415362048307240966144p775TotalElapsedtime(seconds)Numberofp775CoresWriteI/OReadI/OInitialization+terminationLoadimbalanceCommunicationComputation14WRFScalingResults2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
0.
002000.
004000.
006000.
008000.
0010000.
0012000.
0014000.
0016000.
0018000.
0020000.
00128256512102415362048307240966144p460TotalElapsedtime(seconds)Numberofp460CoresWriteI/OReadI/OInitialization+terminationLoadimbalanceCommunicationComputation15WRFScalingResults2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
0.
002000.
004000.
006000.
008000.
0010000.
0012000.
0014000.
0016000.
0018000.
0020000.
00128256512102415362048307240966144dx360M4TotalElapsedtime(seconds)Numberofdx360M4CoresWriteI/OReadI/OInitialization+terminationLoadimbalanceCommunicationComputation16WRFRunstatistics2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
0.
005000.
0010000.
0015000.
0020000.
0025000.
00128256512102415362048307240966144TotalElapsedTime(sec)NumberOfCoresp775dx360M4p4600.
00100.
00200.
00300.
00400.
00500.
00600.
00700.
00800.
00900.
001000.
00128256512102415362048307240966144TotalCommunicationTime(sec)NumberOfCoresp775dx360M4p4600.
002000.
004000.
006000.
008000.
0010000.
0012000.
0014000.
0016000.
0018000.
0020000.
00128256512102415362048307240966144TotalPureComputationTime(sec)NumberOfCoresp775dx360M4p4600.
00500.
001000.
001500.
002000.
002500.
00128256512102415362048307240966144TotalLoadImbalanceTime(sec)NumberOfCoresp775dx360M4p46017WRFRunstatistics2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
0.
000.
501.
001.
502.
002.
503.
00128256512102415362048307240966144Averagecomputetimepertimestep(seconds)NumberOfCoresp775dx360M4p4600.
005.
0010.
0015.
0020.
0025.
00128256512102415362048307240966144Averagereadtimeperreadtimestep(seconds)NumberOfCoresp775dx360M4p4600.
005.
0010.
0015.
0020.
0025.
00128256512102415362048307240966144Averagewritetimeperwritetimestep(seconds)NumberOfCoresp775dx360M4p46018WRFGFLOPRates2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
0.
002.
004.
006.
008.
0010.
0012.
0014.
0016.
00128256512102415362048307240966144Percent(%)SustainedofPeakPerformanceNumberOfCoresp775dx360M4p4600.
001000.
002000.
003000.
004000.
005000.
006000.
007000.
008000.
009000.
00128256512102415362048307240966144GFLOPSSustainedNumberOfCoresp775GFLOPSSustaineddx360M4GFLOPSSustainedp460GFLOPSSustainedPeakGFLOPS=NumberofcoresX8xCorefrequency.
p775SustainedGFLOPS=(10-9/p775_run_time)*(PM_VSU_1FLOP+2*PM_VSU_2FLOP+4*PM_VSU_4FLOP+8*PM_VSU_8FLOP)p460SustainedGGLOPS=p775SustainedGFLOPS*(p775_run_time/p460_run_time)dx360M4SustainedGFLOPS=p775SustainedGFLOPS*(p775_run_time/dx360M4_run_time)19ConclusionsWRFscalesandperformswellonalltestedsystems.
QuiltingI/Owithnetcdfworksverywellonallsystems.
Parallelnetcdffordataingestimprovesdatareadtimes.
WRFisapopularsingleprecisionCode.
Itrunsverywellondx360M4system.
-xAVXworksverywell.
IntelCompilersdoagreatjobproducingoptimalandfastbinaries.
numtiles~cacheblockparameterforadditionalperformance.
Hyperthreadinggivesnobenefittowardsoverallperformance.
NearneighborcommunicationishandledeffectivelybyFDRIB.
Itrunsokonp775andp460systems.
VSXdoesnotworkwell.
Codecrashesifcompiledwith-qsimdIBMXLcompilersdoOKwith–O3–qhot(VectorMASSlibrary).
Thinrectangulardecompositionsworkok(cachingandvectorMASS).
SMTworkswellonp775,duetoavailablememory-to-coreBW.
Nearneighborcommunicationanoverkillforp775,butOKforp460.
Performanceoddswerestackedagainstdx360M4.
Runswith6144coresanddifferentnproc_x,nproc_yyieldevenbetterperformance.
2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.
2OutlineParallelSystemdescription.
p775,p460anddx360M4,HardwareandSoftwareCompileroptionsandlibrariesused.
WRFtunableparametersforscalingruns.
nproc_x,nproc_y,numtiles,nio_groups,nio_tasks_per_groupWRFI/OSerialandParallelnetcdflibrariesfordataI/O.
WRFruntimeparametersforscalingruns.
SMT,MPItaskgrids,OpenMPthreads,quiltingtasks.
WRFperformancecomponentsforscalingruns.
Computation,Communication,I/O,loadImbalance.
WRFscalingrunresultsonp775,p460anddx360M4.
Conclusions.
2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
3IBMPOWER7p775system(P7-IH)2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
2012IBMCorporation/464002///--/-/-((ManagementandNetworkRack7316TF3KEYBDISP2MMDU7316TF3KEYBDISP1BLANKBLANKBLANKPDUPDBLANKBLANKAirDuct4273J48Ex481GE,210GEBlank4273J48Ex481GE,210GEBlank7042-CR6HMC17042-CR6HMC2EMS-2p7508W32GB)EMS-1p7508W32GB)HDD(6HDD)HDD(6HDD)7042-CR6HMC3.
.
.
.
.
.
-+464002P+-//U-+464002P+-//U-+464002P+-//UComputeFrameARack001ComputeFrameBRack002ComputeFrameCRack003SimilartotheoldECMWFsystem,WaterCooledRack:3Supernodes;Supernode:4drawers;Drawer:32POWER7chips;Chip:8POWER7cores.
32Cores/node@3.
86GHz,256GB/node,8GB/core,1024cores/drawer,3072cores/rack,L1:32KBinstruction/32KBdata;L2:256KB/core;L3:4MB/core,DualmemorychannelDisklessnode,TorrentPOWER7chip,GiGEadaptorsonservicenodesHFIfibrenetwork,4xstorage(GPFS)nodes,3xDiskEnclosures.
AIX7.
1,XLF14,VAC12,GPFS,IBMParallelEnvironment,LoadLevelerMPIprofileLibrary,FloatingPointMonitor,VectorandScalarMassLibraries4IBMPOWER7p460Pureflexsystem(Firebird)CMAsystempartition,AirCooled,RearDoorHeatExchangers.
Rack:4chassis;Chassis:7nodes;Node:4POWER7chips;Chip:8POWER7cores32Cores/node@3.
55GHz,128GB/node,4GB/core,224cores/chassis,896cores/rack,L1:32KBinstruction/32KBdata;L2:256KB/core;L3:4MB/core,singlememorychannel2HDpernode,2QDRDualportInfinibandadaptors,GiGEDualRailFattreeInfinibandnetwork,10xp740storage(GPFS)nodes,8xDSC3700devices.
AIX7.
1,XLF14,VAC12,GPFS,IBMParallelEnvironment,LoadLevelerMPIprofileLibrary,VectorandScalarMassLibraries2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
ComputeRack14Chassis,28nodesComputeRack24Chassis,28nodesComputeRack34Chassis,28nodesComputeRack44Chassis,28nodesComputeRack54Chassis,28nodesStorageRack110xp470nodesStorageRack28xDSC3700+QDRInfinibandRack14Switches/managementComputeRack64Chassis,28nodesComputeRack74Chassis,28nodesComputeRack84Chassis,28nodesComputeRack94Chassis,28nodesComputeRack104Chassis,28nodes5IBMiDataplexdx360M4system(Sandybridge)2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
NCEPWCOSSsystempartition,AirCooled,RearDoorHeatExchangersRack:72Nodes;Node:2Inteldx360m4sockets;Socket:8IntelE5-2670Sandybridgecores.
16Cores/node@2.
6GHz,32GB/node,2GB/core,1152cores/rack,L1:32KBinstruction/32KBdata;L2:256KB/core;L3:20MBsharedper8cores1HDpernode,MellanoxconnectX-FDR,10GiGEportsMellanoxIB4XFDRfullbisectionFatTreenetwork,10x3650M4storagenodes,20xDSC3700RHEL6.
2,IntelFORTRAN13,C11,GPFS,IBMParallelEnvironment,PlatformLSFMPIprofileLibraryComputeRack172nodesComputeRack272nodesComputeRack372nodesComputeRack472nodesComputeRack572nodesComputeRack672nodesComputeRack772nodesComputeRack872nodesInfinibandRack1FDR14I/ORack210nodesI/ORack212DSC37006TestedSystemsSummary2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.
16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOPCorefrequncy(GHz)Memory(GB/core)CorestestedVectorSMT/HTsettingsICFabricOSStorageCompilersParallelEnvrnmntQueueingsystemsLibrariesp7753.
868(Alldimmsoccupied)6144VSXonlyforintrinsicsSMT4(SMT2to2048cores)HFIAIX7.
1GPFS4NSD3DiskEnclsrIBMXLCompilers(AIXv14)IBMPEforAIXLoadLevelerMPIProfile,MASS,HardwarePerfrmnceMonitorp4603.
554(Alldimmsoccupied)8192VSXOnlyforIntriscicsSMT4(SMT2to512cores)QDRDual-RailInfinibandFatTreeAIX7.
1GPFS10NSD8DSC3700IBMXLCompilers(V14)IBMPEforAIXLoadLevelerMPIProfile,MASSdx360M42.
62(Alldimmsoccupied)6144AVXEverywhereHT(Notused)FDRSingleRailInfinibandFatTreeRHEL6.
2GPFS10NSD20DSC3700IntelStudio13CompilersIBMPEforlinuxLSFMPIProfile7WRFv3.
3CompilerOptions2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.
16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOPIdenticalWRFcodewasusedCOMPILEROptionsLibrariesp775FCOPTIM=-O3–qhot–qarch=pwr7–qtune=pwr7FCBASEOPTS=-qsmp=omp-qcache=auto–qfloat=rsqrtnetcdf,pnetcdf,massp7_simd,massvp7,mpihpmp460FCOPTIM=-O3–qhot–qarch=pwr7–qtune=pwr7FCBASEOPTS=-qsmp=omp-qcache=auto–qfloat=rsqrtnetcdf,pnetcdf,massp7_simd,massvp7,mpitracedx360M4FCOPTIM=-O3-xAVX-fp-modelfast=2–ipFCBASEOPTS=-ip-fno-alias-w-ftz-no-prec-div-no-prec-sqrt-alignall–openmpnetcdf,pnetcdf,mpitrace8WRFtunablesforscalingrunsWRFrunspecificsasdefinedinnamelist.
input:5kmhorizontalresolution,6sectimestep,12-hourforecast.
2200X1200X28gridpoints.
Oneoutputfileperforecastinghour.
FourBoundaryreadseverythreeforecasthours.
SameWRFtunableswereusedforeverysystem,basedonselectionsthatyieldedoptimalperformanceonthep775system.
nproc_x:LogicalMPItaskpartitioninx-direction.
nproc_y:LogicalMPItaskpartitioniny-direction.
numtiles:NumberoftilesthatcanbeusedinOpenMP.
nproc_xXnproc_y=numberofMPItasks.
Criticalincomparingcommunicationcharacteristics.
SMTwasusedonlyontheIBMPOWERsystems.
SMTwasemployedonPOWERsystemsbyusingtwoOpenMPthreadsperMPItask.
SMT2wasusedforrunswithlessthan2048coresonp775(Bestperformance).
SMT2wasusedforrunswithlessthan512coresonp460(Bestperformance).
Hyper-threadingwasnotbeneficialondx360M4system(notused).
2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
9WRFI/OI/OreadingandwritingofWRFvariables.
13I/Owritesteps,eachwritinga7.
5GBfile.
1ReadfortheInitialconditions(6.
74GBfile).
4Readsfortheboundaryconditions(1.
47GBseach).
Dataingestscannotbedoneasynchronously.
Parallelnetcdfwasusedfordataingests(MPI-IO)forallscalingrunsReadoption11forinitialandboundarydata.
I/Onetcdfquiltingwasusedtowritedatafiles.
AssignthesameI/Otasksandgroupsonallthreesystemsforeachofthescalingruns.
LastI/Ostepisdonesynchronously,sinceWRFcomputationsterminate.
QuiltingI/OtimesonWRFtimersreportI/Osynchronizationtimeonly.
I/OisdonebyquiltingtasksontheI/Osubsystemwhilecomputetaskscompute.
I/OParallelnetcdfquiltingwasnotused.
CanfurtherimproveI/Owritingsteps,especiallythelastI/Ostep.
EarlyWRFversionhadproblemswithIBMParallelEnvironmentandparallelnetcdf.
2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
10WRFuniformvariablestunables2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
Unchangedvariablesonallsystemsforthesamenumberofphysicalcoresnproc_x;nproc_y,nio_groups,nio_tasks_per_group,numtilesPerformanceonPOWERsystemswasfoundtobealwaysbetterwhen:nproc_x1evenforrunswithasingleOpenMPthread.
numtiles>1actsasacacheblockmechanism(likeNPROMA)p775andp460arefavoredagainstdx360M4Forthetestingscenariosifnproc_x2didnothaveaneffectonperformance.
Choiceofnproc_x,nproc_y,numtiles:Wasbasedonbestperformanceonthep775numtiles=4wassetasanadvantageondx360M411WRFruntimeparametersTaskaffinity(binding)wasusedinalltestruns.
SMT/HT:ON–greenbackground(OneextraOpenMPthread),OFF–yellowbackground.
Variables:OpenMPthreads,numtiles,MPItasks,nproc_x,nproc_y,nio_groups,nio_tasks_per_groupPhysical/Logicalcores=OpenMP_threads*(nproc_x*nproc_y+nio_groups*nio_tasks_per_group)2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
Numberofp775nodesOpenMPThreadsNumberofp460nodesOpenMPThreadsNumberofdx360nodesOpenMPThreadsnumtilesNumberofcoresMPITasksnproc_xxnproc_ynio_groupsxnio_tasks_per_group42428141281244x311x4828216142562526x421x416216232145125048x631x83243226424102450611x461x64844829624153676019x401x8644642128242048102020x511x496496419244307276019x401x812841284256444096102017x601x419241924384446144153018x851x612WRFRunstatisticsRunsonp775weredonewiththeMPIHPMlibrary:CollectHardwareperformancemonitordata(smalloverhead).
ScaleHPMdatatop460anddx360M4systemsbyfrequencyratios)EstimateSustainedGFLOPratesonallsystems.
SystemPeakrate=(numberofcoresx8xcorefrequency).
CollectMPIcommunicationstatistics.
Runsonp460anddx360M4weredonewiththeMPITRACElibrary:CollectMPIcommunicationstatistics.
MPIcommunicationfromtracelibrariescanhelpestimate:Communication:(minimumcommunicationamongallMPItasksinvolved).
LoadImbalance:(mediancommunication–minimumcommunication).
AccumulationofinternalWRFtimerscanhelpestimate:ReadI/Otimes(initialfilereadtime+boundaryreadtimes).
WriteI/Otimes(I/OWritequiltingtimefromsynchronization+LastI/OWritetimestep).
LastI/Owritestep:~(totalelapsedtime–totaltimefrominternaltimers).
TotalComputation(Purecomputation+communication+Loadimbalance).
2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
13WRFScalingResults2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
0.
002000.
004000.
006000.
008000.
0010000.
0012000.
0014000.
0016000.
0018000.
0020000.
00128256512102415362048307240966144p775TotalElapsedtime(seconds)Numberofp775CoresWriteI/OReadI/OInitialization+terminationLoadimbalanceCommunicationComputation14WRFScalingResults2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
0.
002000.
004000.
006000.
008000.
0010000.
0012000.
0014000.
0016000.
0018000.
0020000.
00128256512102415362048307240966144p460TotalElapsedtime(seconds)Numberofp460CoresWriteI/OReadI/OInitialization+terminationLoadimbalanceCommunicationComputation15WRFScalingResults2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
0.
002000.
004000.
006000.
008000.
0010000.
0012000.
0014000.
0016000.
0018000.
0020000.
00128256512102415362048307240966144dx360M4TotalElapsedtime(seconds)Numberofdx360M4CoresWriteI/OReadI/OInitialization+terminationLoadimbalanceCommunicationComputation16WRFRunstatistics2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
0.
005000.
0010000.
0015000.
0020000.
0025000.
00128256512102415362048307240966144TotalElapsedTime(sec)NumberOfCoresp775dx360M4p4600.
00100.
00200.
00300.
00400.
00500.
00600.
00700.
00800.
00900.
001000.
00128256512102415362048307240966144TotalCommunicationTime(sec)NumberOfCoresp775dx360M4p4600.
002000.
004000.
006000.
008000.
0010000.
0012000.
0014000.
0016000.
0018000.
0020000.
00128256512102415362048307240966144TotalPureComputationTime(sec)NumberOfCoresp775dx360M4p4600.
00500.
001000.
001500.
002000.
002500.
00128256512102415362048307240966144TotalLoadImbalanceTime(sec)NumberOfCoresp775dx360M4p46017WRFRunstatistics2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
0.
000.
501.
001.
502.
002.
503.
00128256512102415362048307240966144Averagecomputetimepertimestep(seconds)NumberOfCoresp775dx360M4p4600.
005.
0010.
0015.
0020.
0025.
00128256512102415362048307240966144Averagereadtimeperreadtimestep(seconds)NumberOfCoresp775dx360M4p4600.
005.
0010.
0015.
0020.
0025.
00128256512102415362048307240966144Averagewritetimeperwritetimestep(seconds)NumberOfCoresp775dx360M4p46018WRFGFLOPRates2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
0.
002.
004.
006.
008.
0010.
0012.
0014.
0016.
00128256512102415362048307240966144Percent(%)SustainedofPeakPerformanceNumberOfCoresp775dx360M4p4600.
001000.
002000.
003000.
004000.
005000.
006000.
007000.
008000.
009000.
00128256512102415362048307240966144GFLOPSSustainedNumberOfCoresp775GFLOPSSustaineddx360M4GFLOPSSustainedp460GFLOPSSustainedPeakGFLOPS=NumberofcoresX8xCorefrequency.
p775SustainedGFLOPS=(10-9/p775_run_time)*(PM_VSU_1FLOP+2*PM_VSU_2FLOP+4*PM_VSU_4FLOP+8*PM_VSU_8FLOP)p460SustainedGGLOPS=p775SustainedGFLOPS*(p775_run_time/p460_run_time)dx360M4SustainedGFLOPS=p775SustainedGFLOPS*(p775_run_time/dx360M4_run_time)19ConclusionsWRFscalesandperformswellonalltestedsystems.
QuiltingI/Owithnetcdfworksverywellonallsystems.
Parallelnetcdffordataingestimprovesdatareadtimes.
WRFisapopularsingleprecisionCode.
Itrunsverywellondx360M4system.
-xAVXworksverywell.
IntelCompilersdoagreatjobproducingoptimalandfastbinaries.
numtiles~cacheblockparameterforadditionalperformance.
Hyperthreadinggivesnobenefittowardsoverallperformance.
NearneighborcommunicationishandledeffectivelybyFDRIB.
Itrunsokonp775andp460systems.
VSXdoesnotworkwell.
Codecrashesifcompiledwith-qsimdIBMXLcompilersdoOKwith–O3–qhot(VectorMASSlibrary).
Thinrectangulardecompositionsworkok(cachingandvectorMASS).
SMTworkswellonp775,duetoavailablememory-to-coreBW.
Nearneighborcommunicationanoverkillforp775,butOKforp460.
Performanceoddswerestackedagainstdx360M4.
Runswith6144coresanddifferentnproc_x,nproc_yyieldevenbetterperformance.
2014LENOVO.
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED16THECMWFHPCWORKSHOP.
- E5sandybridge相关文档
- PenguinComputingClustersandybridge
- casesandybridge
- cumulativesandybridge
- 5.sandybridge
- 希捷sandybridge
- layerssandybridge
HaloCloud：日本软银vps100M/200M/500M带宽,，¥45.00元/月
halocloud怎么样?halocloud是一个于2019下半年建立的商家，主要提供日本软银VPS，广州移动VDS，株洲联通VDS，广州移动独立服务器，Halo邮局服务，Azure香港1000M带宽月抛机器等。日本软银vps,100M/200M/500M带宽,可看奈飞,香港azure1000M带宽，可以解锁奈飞等流媒体，有需要看奈飞的朋友可以入手!点击进入：halocloud官方网站地址日本vp...
ZJI(月付450元)，香港华为云线路服务器、E3服务器起
ZJI发布了9月份促销信息，针对香港华为云线路物理服务器华为一型提供立减300元优惠码，优惠后香港华为一型月付仅450元起。ZJI是原来Wordpress圈知名主机商家：维翔主机，成立于2011年，2018年9月更名为ZJI，提供中国香港、台湾、日本、美国独立服务器(自营/数据中心直营)租用及VDS、虚拟主机空间、域名注册等业务，商家所选数据中心均为国内访问质量高的机房和线路，比如香港阿里云、华为...
Raksmart：香港高防服务器/20Mbps带宽(cn2+bgp)/40G-100Gbps防御
RAKsmart怎么样?RAKsmart香港机房新增了付费的DDoS高防保护服务，香港服务器默认接入20Mbps的大陆优化带宽(电信走CN2、联通和移动走BGP)。高防服务器需要在下单页面的IP Addresses Option里面选择购买，分：40Gbps大陆优化高防IP-$461/月、100Gbps国际BGP高防IP-$692/月，有兴趣的可以根据自己的需求来选择!点击进入：RAKsmart官...
sandybridge为你推荐
-
百度爱好者武汉理工大学有百度爱好者协会吗？那个协会怎么样云爆发云玩家啥意思？是不是骂人的怎么查询商标手机上能查询商标吗？怎么查？阿丽克丝·布莱肯瑞吉行尸走肉第六季女演员firetrap你们知道的有多少运动品牌的服饰?嘉兴商标注册如何注册商标怎样商标注册www.yahoo.com.hk香港有什么有名的娱乐门户网站吗？网站检测请问，对网站进行监控检测的工具有哪些？www.javmoo.comjavimdb是什么网站为什么打不开lcoc.top服装英语中double topstitches什么意思