Corewindowshomeserver

A+Essentials220-801CramNotes1.
PCHardware1.
1ConfigureandapplyBIOSsettings1.
2Differentiatebetweenmotherboardcomponents,theirpurposes,andproperties1.
3CompareandcontrastRAMtypesandfeatures1.
4Installandconfigureexpansioncards1.
5Installandconfigurestoragedevicesanduseappropriatemedia1.
6DifferentiateamongvariousCPUtypesandfeaturesandselecttheappropriatecoolingmethod1.
7Compareandcontrastvariousconnectioninterfacesandexplaintheirpurpose1.
8Installanappropriatepowersupplybasedonagivenscenario1.
9Evaluateandselectappropriatecomponentsforacustomconfiguration,tomeetcustomerspecificationsorneeds1.
10Givenascenario,evaluatetypesandfeaturesofdisplaydevices1.
11Identifyconnectortypesandassociatedcables1.
12Installandconfigurevariousperipheraldevices2.
Networking2.
1Identifytypesofnetworkcablesandconnectors2.
2Categorizecharacteristicsofconnectorsandcabling2.
3ExplainpropertiesandcharacteristicsofTCP/IP2.
4ExplaincommonTCPandUDPports,protocols,andtheirpurpose2.
5Compareandcontrastwirelessnetworkingstandardsandencryptiontypes2.
6Install,configure,anddeployaSOHOwireless/wiredrouterusingappropriatesettings2.
7CompareandcontrastInternetconnectiontypesandfeatures2.
8Identifyvarioustypesofnetworks2.
9Compareandcontrastnetworkdevices,theirfunctions,andfeatures2.
10Givenascenario,useappropriatenetworkingtools3.
Laptops3.
1InstallandconfigurelaptophardwareandcomponentsA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com13.
2Compareandcontrastthecomponentswithinthedisplayofalaptop3.
3Compareandcontrastlaptopfeatures4.
Printers4.
1Explainthedifferencesbetweenthevariousprintertypesandsummarizetheassociatedimagingprocess4.
2Givenascenario,install,andconfigureprinters4.
3Givenascenario,performprintermaintenance5.
OperationalProcedures5.
1Givenascenario,useappropriatesafetyprocedures5.
2Explainenvironmentalimpactsandthepurposeofenvironmentalcontrols5.
3Givenascenario,demonstratepropercommunicationandprofessionalism5.
4Explainthefundamentalsofdealingwithprohibitedcontent/activity6.
Annexure6.
1MSDOS6.
2Windows956.
3Windows20006.
4WindowsXP6.
5WindowsVista6.
6AeroInterfaceA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com21.
PCHardware1.
1ConfigureandapplyBIOSsettings:1.
1.
1YoumayfindtheBIOSversiononaWindowscomputerbyrunningmsinfo32commandatthecommandprompt.
Itwillbringupthefollowingwindow:Ascanbeseenintheabovescreenshot,BIOSinfoisgivenunderSystemSummary.
BIOShasaSetuputilitystoredintheBIOSflashmemory.
Theconfigureddataisprovidedwithcontext-sensitiveHelpandisstoredinthesystem'sbattery-backedCMOSRAM.
TogetintotheBIOSonyourWindowscomputeryouneedtopressF2justafteryouturnonthecomputer.
AtypicalBIOSsnapshotisshownbelow:A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com31.
ThefollowingaresomeofthethingsthatyoucandowithBIOSsettings:a)ChangetheBootOrder–YoumayconfigurethecomputertobootfromCDROM,Harddisk,orUSBdrive.
b)CreateaBIOSPassword–Thisfeatureisusefultopreventun-authorizedaccesstoBIOSconfigurationmenu.
c)ChangetheDateandTimed)ChangeFloppyDrive,HardDrive,orCD/DVD/BDDriveSettings.
e)ViewAmountofMemoryInstalledf)EnableorDisabletheQuickPowerOnSelfTest(POST)g)EnableorDisabletheCPUInternalCacheh)EnableorDisabletheCachingofBIOSi)ChangeCPUSettingsj)ChangeMemorySettingsk)ChangeSystemVoltagesl)EnableorDisableRAIDm)EnableorDisableOnboardUSBn)EnableorDisableOnboardIEEE1394o)EnableorDisableOnboardAudiop)EnableorDisableOnboardFloppyControllerq)EnableorDisableOnboardSerial/ParallelPortsA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com4r)EnableorDisableACPIs)ChangethePowerButtonFunctiont)ChangePower-onSettingsu)ChangeFanSpeedSettings2.
Thecomputerpower-onself-test(POST)teststhecomputertomakesureitmeetsthenecessarysystemrequirementsandthatallhardwareisworkingproperlybeforestartingtheremainderofthebootprocess.
Thecausesforanerrormessagelike:'NTLDRisMissing,Pressanykeytorestart',maybeduetoanyofthefollowingreasons:a.
Computerisbootingfromanon-bootablesource.
b.
ComputerharddiskdriveisnotproperlysetupinBIOS.
c.
CorruptNTLDRand/orNTDETECT.
COMfile.
d.
AttemptingtoupgradefromaWindows95,98,orMEcomputerthatisusingFAT32.
e.
Corruptbootsector/masterbootrecord.
f.
LooseorFaultyIDE/EIDEharddiskdrivecable.
1.
2Differentiatebetweenmotherboardcomponents,theirpurposes,andpropertiesATX(AdvancedTechnologyExtended)isafullsizeboardmeasuring12"wideby9.
6"deep.
ATXhas6-pinminikeyboardconnector.
Also,ithasdoublerowsinglepowersupplyconnectorproviding+/-5V,+/-12V,and+3.
3V.
MicroATXisasmallmotherboardsizeof9.
6"x9.
6".
ComparedtofullsizeATX,microATXhavesmallernumberofI/Oslots.
Forexample,fullATXcanhave5PCIslots,whereasMicroATXcanhaveupto3/4PCIstotsonly.
ThechiefadvantagesoverATXisreducedsize,andpowerrequirements.
ComponentsAtypicalMicroATXmotherboardwithconstituentcomponentsisgivenbelow:A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com5MicroATXmotherboard1.
PS/2mouseport(green).
ThisportisforaPS/2mouse.
2.
PS/2keyboardport(purple).
ThisportisforaPS/2keyboard.
3.
S/PDIFOutport:ItstandsforSony/PhillipsDigitalInterface,andisaninterfacetotransmitdigitalaudio.
4.
HDMIconnector:Standsfor"High-DefinitionMultimediaInterface.
"HDMIisadigitalinterfacefortransmittingaudioandvideodatainasinglecable.
ItissupportedbymostHDTVsandrelatedcomponents,suchasDVDandBlu-rayplayers,cableboxes,andvideogamesystems.
5.
DVI(DigitalVisualInterface)connector:Itisusedtosenddigitalinformationfromacomputertoadigitaldisplay,suchasaflat-panelLCDmonitor.
6.
VGAconnector(VideoGraphicsArray):VGAcablescarryananalogsignalasopposedtoadigitalsignal(onesandzeroes).
Usinghigherfrequencies,it'spossibletoreacharelativelyhighrangeofvideoresolutions.
However,videoqualitydirectlyrespondstocablequality,anddoublysoonhigherresolutions.
Duetothis,thequalityofaVGAimagecanvariatenotableacrossdifferentmakesofcables.
7.
Firewireheader(IEEE1394):Aserialbususedtoexchangedigitalandaudiodatawithhighperformanceabilities.
8.
eSATA(ExternalSerialAdvancedTechnologyAttachment):ItisanexternalinterfaceforSATAtechnologies.
ItcompeteswithFireWire400anduniversalserialbus(USB)2.
0toprovidefastdatatransferspeedsforexternalstoragedevices.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com69.
USB(UniversalSerialBus)Port:Thereareusuallyacoupleoftheseportslocatedoneachmotherboardusedforconnectingpendrivesandexternalharddrives,likeIpodsorMp3players.
10.
RJ-45(RegisteredJack45):ItiscommonlyusedforanEthernetorserialconnectionwithan8position8conductor(8P8C)jack.
11.
Audioports:a.
LineInport(lightblue).
Thisportconnectsatape,CD,DVDplayerorotheraudiosources.
b.
LineOutport(lime).
Thisportconnectsaheadphoneoraspeaker.
In4-channel,6-channel,and8-channelmode,thefunctionofthisportbecomesFrontSpeakerOut.
c.
Microphoneport(pink).
Thisportconnectsamicrophone.
d.
SideSpeakerOutport(gray).
Thisportconnectstothesidespeakersinan8-channelaudioconfiguration.
e.
RearSpeakerOutport(black).
Thisportconnectstotherearspeakersona4-channel,6-channel,or8-channelaudioconfiguration.
f.
Center/Subwooferport(yelloworange).
Thisportconnectsthecenter/subwooferspeakers.
12.
PCIExpressx16graphicsinterfaceoffersincreasedbandwidthandscalabilityoverthepreviousAGP8Xgeneration.
PCIExpressx16allowsupto4GB/sofpeakbandwidthperdirection,andupto8GB/sconcurrentbandwidth.
13.
PCIExpressx4graphicsinterfaceallowsupto800MB/sofpeakbandwidthperdirection.
14.
PCI(PeripheralComponentInterconnect)Slot:Supportsperipheralslikesoundcards,DVDdecoders,andgraphicacceleratorswith32bitsat33Mhzcapabilities.
Thereareusuallyanywherefrom1to6PCIslotsavailableonthemotherboard.
15.
PrinterHeader:Itisparallelportusedtoconnectscannersandprinters.
16.
COM(Communication)Port:Theportdesignedtoconnectyourmouseandmodem.
17.
IDEConnector:ResponsibleforconnectingtheIDEcordusedforharddisks,CDdrives,andDVDdrives.
18.
CPUslot:ToinstalltheCPU,justslideitstraightdownintotheslot.
Specialnotchesintheslotmakeitimpossibletoinstallthemincorrectly.
Sorememberifitdoesnotgoeasily,itisprobablynotcorrect.
BesuretoplugintheCPUfan'spower.
19.
SATAController:MotherboardwilltypicallyhaveSATAcontrollerforconnectingSATAenableddevicessuchasHarddisks.
20.
Powersupplyplugin:ThePowersupply,asitsnameimplies,providesthenecessaryelectricalpowertomakethepcoperate.
thepowersupplytakesstandard110-VACpowerandconvertsinto+/-12-Volt,+/-5-Volt,and3.
3-VoltDCpower.
Thepowersupplyconnectorhas20-pins,andtheconnectorcangoinonlyonedirection.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com71.
Givenbelowareimportantbustypesandtheircharacteristics:BusTypeDatabuswidthSpeedBandwidthCommentsISA16-bit8.
3MHz15.
9MBPSUsejumperstoconfigureEISA32-bit8.
3MHz31.
8MBPSBackwardcompatiblewithISA,usessoftware/jumpersforconfigurationVESAorVLbus32-bit33MHz127.
2MBPSBackwardcompatiblewithISAcardsPCI32-bit33MHz127.
2MBPSSupportsPlugandPlay64-bitPCI64-bit66MHz508.
6MBPSSupportsPlugandPlayPCMCIA32-bit33MHz-Usedinlaptops,alsoknowasPCcardAGP32-bitSpeedofProcessor-Usedinvideocards2.
CommonBusesandtheirMaxBandwidthCommonBusesMaxBandwidthPCI132MB/sAGP8X2,100MB/sPCIExpress1x250[500]*MB/sPCIExpress2x500[1000]*MB/sPCIExpress4x1000[2000]*MB/sPCIExpress8x2000[4000]*MB/sA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com8PCIExpress16x4000[8000]*MB/sPCIExpress32x8000[16000]*MB/sIDE(ATA100)100MB/sIDE(ATA133)133MB/sSATA150MB/sGigabitEthernet125MB/sIEEE1394B[Firewire]100MB/snorthbridgeThenorthbridgetypicallyhandlescommunicationsamongtheCPU,insomecasesRAM,andPCIExpress(orAGP)videocards,andthesouthbridge.
NorthbridgeisdirectlyconnectedtoAGPvideo,thusprovidinghighertransferrates.
southbridgeThesouthbridgeisoneofthetwochipsinthecorelogicchipsetonapersonalcomputer(PC)motherboard,theotherbeingthenorthbridge.
Thesouthbridgetypicallyimplementstheslowercapabilitiesofthemotherboardinanorthbridge/southbridgechipsetcomputerarchitecture.
Asouthbridgechipsethandlesallofacomputer'sI/Ofunctions,suchasUSB,audio,serial,thesystemBIOS,theISAbus,theinterruptcontrollerandtheIDEchannels.
1.
3CompareandcontrastRAMtypesandfeatures1.
TherearebasicallytwoimportanttypesofRAM(ShortforRandomAccessMemory):a.
SRAM-StaticRAMbeingexpensive,primarilyusedforCachememory.
DRAM,beingcheaper,isusedformainmemory.
SRAMiswidelyusedforLevel1,Level2orLevel3cachememory.
Level1cacheisinternaltotheprocessor,andlevel2andlevel3cachesareexternaltotheprocessor,itresidesonthemotherboard.
b.
DRAM:DynamicRAMholdsitsdataifitiscontinuouslyaccessedbyspeciallogiccalledarefreshcircuit.
Ifthememoryisnotrefreshedregularly,thentheDRAMwillloseitscontents.
Thisrefreshingactioniswhythememoryiscalleddynamic.
AllPCsuseDRAMfortheirmainsystemmemory,insteadofSRAM,eventhoughDRAMsareslowerthanSRAMsandrequiretheoverheadoftherefreshcircuitry.
ThereasonthatDRAMsareusedisthattheyaremuchcheaperandtakeupmuchlessspace.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com92.
RAMismuchfasterthanROMis,duetothenatureofhowitstoresinformation.
Forthisreason,RAMisoftenusedtoshadowtheBIOSROMtoimproveperformancewhenexecutingBIOScode.
PROM(ProgrammableROM)isalsoaversionofROMandisslowercomparedtoRAM.
3.
ThecomputermainmemoryusuallyconsistsofsometypeofDRAM.
TypesofDRAMPackagesandDRAMMemoryareexplainedbelow:a.
168pinDIMM(SDRAM):Itcanrunatmuchhigherclockspeedsthanconventionalmemory.
SDRAMactuallysynchronizesitselfwiththeCPU'sbusandiscapableofrunningat133MHzandtwiceasfastEDODRAM.
b.
184pinDIMM(DDR-SDRAM):Itsupportsdatatransfersonbothedgesofeachclockcycle,effectivelydoublingthememorychip'sdatathroughput.
DDR-SDRAMisalsocalledSDRAMII.
DDRstandsforDoubleDataRate.
c.
240DIMM(DDR2-SDRAM):Itsupportshigherspeedsthanit'spredecessorDDRSDRAM.
DDR2SDRAMisadoubledataratesynchronousdynamicrandom-accessmemoryinterface.
ItsupersedestheoriginalDDRSDRAMspecificationandhasitselfbeensupersededbyDDR3SDRAM.
DDR2isneitherforwardnorbackwardcompatiblewitheitherDDRorDDR3.
d.
240DIMM(DDR3-SDRAM):ItsupportsspeedsfasterthanDDR2SDRAM.
DDR3SDRAM,anabbreviationfordoubledataratetypethreesynchronousdynamicrandomaccessmemory,isamodernkindofdynamicrandomaccessmemory(DRAM)withahighbandwidthinterface,andhasbeeninusesince2007.
DDR3SDRAMisneitherforwardnorbackwardcompatiblewithanyearliertypeofrandomaccessmemory(RAM)duetodifferentsignalingvoltages,timings,andotherfactors4.
PCratingsandcorrespondingDDRbandwidtharegivenbelow:DDR266=PC2100DDR333=PC2700DDR400=PC3200DDR2-400=PC2-3200DDR2-533=PC2-4200DDR2-667=PC2-5300DDR2-800=PC2-6400DDR3-800=PC3-6400DDR3-1066=PC3-8500DDR3-1333=PC3-10600DDR3-1600=PC3-12800DR400memoryisalsoreferredtoasPC3200memory.
400MHzDDR2memorywouldbelistedasPC2-3200,andsoon.
5.
Thefirst3octetsofaMACaddressprovidethemanufactureroftheNIC(NetworkInterfaceCard).
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com10Forexample,considertheMACaddressgivenbelow:00-22-75-76-D7-9100-22-75willuniquelyidentifythemanufactureroftheNIC,whichinthiscaseturnsouttobeBelkinInternationalInc.
However,pleasenotethatidentifyingthemanufacturerisonlyhalfajob,andyoumayneedtotrydifferentdriversfromthatmanufacturertotroubleshoottheproblem6.
Dual-channel-enabledmemorycontrollersinaPCsystemarchitectureutilizetwo64-bitdatachannels.
Dualchannelshouldnotbeconfusedwithdoubledatarate(DDR),inwhichdataexchangehappenstwiceperDRAMclock.
Thetwotechnologiesareindependentofeachotherandmanymotherboardsuseboth,byusingDDRmemoryinadual-channelconfiguration.
Dual-channelarchitecturerequiresadual-channel-capablemotherboardandtwoormoreDDR,DDR2SDRAM,orDDR3SDRAMmemorymodules.
7.
Error-correctingcodememory(ECCmemory)a.
ECCisatypeofcomputerdatastoragethatcandetectandcorrectthemorecommonkindsofinternaldatacorruption.
b.
ECCmemoryisusedinmostcomputerswheredatacorruptioncannotbetoleratedunderanycircumstances,suchasforscientificorfinancialcomputing.
Error-CorrectingCode(ECC)memoryisoftenseeninhigh-endmotherboardsthatprovideimportantservicesorsoftwarefunctions.
Unlikenormalparitymemory,ECCmemorycanfindandfixerrors.
c.
ECCmemorygenerallycostsmore,soyouusuallyseemotherboardsdesignedforECCmemorywhenthere'saspecificneed.
ECCmemorymaintainsamemorysystemeffectivelyfreefromsingle-biterrors:thedatathatisreadfromeachwordisalwaysthesameasthedatathathadbeenwrittentoit,evenifasinglebitactuallystored,ormoreinsomecases,hasbeenflippedtothewrongstate.
d.
ECCmemoryisusedwherethedataneedstobeveryaccurate,andthememoryisrequiredtohaveselfcorrectingcapability.
Itaddscosttothememorymoduleandusedinserverlevelcomputerswheredataaccuracyisveryimportant.
Somenon-ECCmemorywithparitysupportallowserrorstobedetected,butnotcorrected;otherwiseerrorsthatmayoccurarenotdetected.
1.
4Installandconfigureexpansioncards.
Ingeneral,youwillfollowthesestepstoinstallanexpansioncardinyourPC:a.
Ifyou'renotusingaPnP-compatibleexpansioncardoroperatingsystem,determinetheavailablesystemresources(IRQs,I/Oaddresses,andsoforth).
ConfiguretheDIPswitchesorjumpersonthecard,asnecessary,toassignitavailablesystemresources.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com11b.
Ifyou'reusingaPnP-compatiblecardandoperatingsystem,thevendormightdirectyoutorunaninstallationutilitybeforeinstallingthedevice.
ThisinstallationprogramputsthenecessarydriversinalocationwhereWindowscanfindthemwhenyou'redoneinstallingthedevice.
Ifappropriate,runthatsetupprogramnow.
c.
ShutdownyourPC,unplugit,removeperipheralcables,andopenthecase.
d.
Locateanemptyandavailableexpansionslotofthecorrecttype.
e.
Removetheslotcoverforthatslot.
Thesecoversaregenerallyeitherscrewedinplaceorheldbyspring-clips.
f.
Ifnecessary,temporarilymoveorremovewiresorotherexpansioncardsthatareinthewaysothatyoucanaccesstheslot.
g.
Ifyouneedtoconnectwireassembliestotheexpansionboard-nottoitsbackslotcoverplate,buttotheboarditself-connectthatendofthewireassemblybeforeinstallingthecard.
Inthisway,youcaneasilyreachtheconnectorandbesureyou'reinstallingthewireassemblyinitscorrectorientation.
Connecttheotherendafteryouhaveinstalledthecard.
h.
Begininsertingtheendoftheedgeconnectorthat'sfarthestfromtheslotcover.
Then,gentlypushthecardintoplaceintheslot.
Thiswillhelpyoulineuptheconnectorcorrectly.
Insertingthecardatananglelikethisisusuallyeasierthanpushingitstraightintotheslot.
i.
Fixthecardinplacewithscrewsorclips,asappropriatetoyourcasedesign.
j.
Connectanywiringassemblies,includingthoseyoutemporarilyremovedtoinstallthiscard.
Closethecase,connectperipherals,andstartthesystem.
k.
Dependingonyouroperatingsystem,version,andadaptercardtechnology,configurethecard.
Ifyou'reusingPnP-compatiblecomponents,PnPwillhandlethisforyou.
l.
Ifnecessary,installrequireddrivers.
Ifyouhavetoinstalldriversyourself,youwillmostlikelyneedtoconfigurethemtousesamehardwareresourcesyouconfiguredthecardtouse.
m.
Whenyou'redone,somedevicesandoperatingsystemversionswillalsorequireyoutorestartyourcomputer.
Thisfullyloadsthedriversandconfigurestheoperatingsystemtosupportthenewdevice.
1.
5Installandconfigurestoragedevicesanduseappropriatemedia.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com121.
Thespeedsachievablebyusingdifferenttechnologiesisgivenbelow:USB1.
1–15MbpsFireWire(1394a)–400MbpsUSB2.
0–480MbpsFireWire800(1394b)–800MbpsSATA1.
5–1.
5GbpsSATA3.
0–3.
0Gbps2.
IDEharddisksa.
AnIDEharddiskcanhaveonePrimarypartitionandoneExtendedpartition.
AnExtendedpartitioncanbedividedintooneormorelogicalpartitions.
Afterpartitioningtheharddisk,eachpartitionneedstobeformatted.
b.
TheFileSystemBootSectoristhefirstphysicalsectoronanylogicalvolume.
c.
ThefirstphysicalsectoronanybootableharddiskcontainsMasterBootRecord,MBR.
d.
ThecommandFDISKwilldestroyallthedataonapartitionordriveontowhichitisrun.
e.
Theprimarypartitioncanbemadebootable,bymarkingpartitionasactive.
3.
Floppydrivea.
Afloppycablewillhave34wires,andthewirewithredstripesignifieswiregoingtopinnumber1oftheconnector.
b.
Ifthefloppycableisreversed,thedrivelightwillbecontinuouslyON.
Tryreversingthecable.
c.
ThefloppyribboncableisdistinguishedeasilyfromthatofanIDEcablebyasmalltwistinthecable.
ThepurposeofthetwististodifferentiatebetweenfloppydriveAandfloppydriveBd.
NotethatthefloppydiskdriveisnotaccessibleonlyaftersomechangestotheBIOSset-up.
ItispossiblethattheFloppydiskisdisabledduringthechanges.
Therefore,checktheBIOSsettings,beforeproceedingfurther.
Characteristicsofafloppydrive:1.
Theribboncableconnectingthefloppydrivetothemotherboardis34wireswide.
2.
TherecanbeamaximumoftwofloppydrivesinaPCWhenyouhavetwoharddiskdrives,thefollowingtwocombinationsarepossible:1.
InstallthedrivesoneeachonprimaryandsecondarycontrollersanddesignatebothasMasters.
2.
InstallboththedrivesontheprimarycontrolleranddesignateoneasMasterandtheotherasSlave.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com13Thestoragecapacityofvarioustypesoffloppy:SizeTypeStorage51/4"DSHD1.
2MB31/2"DSDD720KB31/2"DSHD1.
44MB31/2"DSED2.
88MB4.
CD-Ra.
StandsforCD-Recordable.
YoucanrecorddataontoaCD-Ronlyonce.
CD-RWstandsforCD-ReWritable,andasthenamesuggests,youcanrecorddataanynumberoftimesontoaCD-RW(subjecttowearandtear).
CD-Risrepresentedbytwospeeds(AxB),theformeristhewritespeedandthelatteristhereadspeed.
Thereadspeedisalwayshigherthanthewritespeed.
SometypicalCD-Rspeedsare4X24,8X32,16X32etc.
b.
WhenrecordingaCD-Rasaback-groundprocesswhileworkingwithanotherapplicationinthefore-ground.
iftheCDwasimproperlyburned,andbecameun-usablemostcommoncausesoftheproblemsisbufferunder-run.
Ifthesourcedeviceisunabletokeeptheburnerloadedwithdata,itmayleadtoimproperlyburnedCDs,andhencerenderingtheCDuseless.
SomeCDdrivessuchasSanyoCD-RWcomewithburnprooftechnology.
IfyouintendtoworkonthecomputerwhiletheCDiswritten,useCDdrivesthattakecareofbufferunder-run.
5.
DVDa.
AlsoknownasDigitalVersatileDiscorDigitalVideoDisc,isanopticaldiscstoragemediaformat.
Itsmainusesarevideoanddatastorage.
DVDsareofthesamedimensionsascompactdiscs(CDs),butstoremorethansixtimesasmuchdata.
b.
DVDcomesinsinglelayer(SL)orduallayer(DL).
Theyarealsodistinguishedassinglesided(SS)ordoublesided(DS).
Therearefourpossiblecombinations:DVD-S(12cm,SS/SL):4.
37GBcapacityDVD-9(12cm,SS/DL):7.
95GBcapacityDVD-10(12cm,DS/SL):8.
74GBcapacityDVD-18(12cm,DS/DL):15.
90GBcapacity.
c.
Further,DVD-Sstoresabouttwohoursofvideo,whereasDVD-18canstoreuptoeighthoursofvideo.
d.
StoragecapacityofDVD:4.
7GB(single-layer)and8.
5GB(dual-layer)e.
MS–DEFRAGutilityisusedtodefragmenttheharddisk,youcanrunMicrosoftdefragmentA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com14utilitybyissuingacommand"DEFRAG".
6.
Firewirea.
AstandardFireWireconnectionwillsupport100,200and400Mbps.
TheimportantfeaturesofIEEE1394(alsoknownasFireWire400)are:1.
100Mbit/s,200Mbit/s,and400Mbit/ssupported.
2.
Workswithoutcontrol,devicescommunicatepeer-to-peer.
3.
Cableupto4.
5m.
4.
Upto63devicessupported.
5.
Powersupplytoexternaldevicesis1.
25A/12V(max.
).
6.
Theonlycomputerbususedindigitalvideocameras7.
TheIEEE1394bspecificationsupportsdataratesupto400Mbit/sinhalf-duplexmode,andevenhigherinfullduplex.
Itcansupportopticalconnectionsupto100metresinlength.
8.
SCSITypesSCSITypeTransferspeedBusSCSI-15MBPS8bitbusFastWideSCSI20MBPS16bitbusWideUltraSCSI40MBPS16bitbusUltra2SCSI40MBPS8bitbusWideUltra2SCSI80MBPS16bitbusUltra3SCSIorUltra160160MBPS16bitbusUltra320320MBPS16bitbusSCSIID-0=bootabledrive,7=controller,1-6=anyotherdevicesWide-UltraSCSI-16devices,0=bootabledrive,15=controllerEachdeviceinaSCSIchainneedtohaveuniqueID.
Fora16-bitWideSCSI,thereare16possibleSCSIIds,0-15.
Astandard8-bitSCSIcansupportonly8devices(includingSCSIcard),theIdsallowedare0-7.
SCSIbustermination:Iftheterminationisnotdone,aSCSIdevicesonthebuswillnotfunctionproperly.
Thisisduetoreflectionofthesignalsattheendofthebus.
Topreventthis,bothendsoftheSCSIbusneedtobeterminated.
IfoneendoftheSCSIbusisterminated,youmayfindintermittentproblems.
Neverterminatethebusatadeviceconnectedinbetween.
9.
USB(UniversalSerialBus):a.
USBsupportsupto127devicessimultaneously.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com15b.
USBenablesyoutodaisychainupto127USBdevices.
AUSBhubisusedforthispurpose.
c.
USBdevicescanbepluggedinwithoutturningon/offpower.
i.
e,USBdevicesarehotswappable.
d.
TheimportantfeaturesofUSB2.
0aregivenbelow:1.
Mbit/s12Mbit/s480Mbit/ssupported.
2.
USBcontrollerisrequiredtocontrolthebusanddatatransfer.
3.
Cableupto5m.
4.
Upto127devicessupported.
5.
Powersupplytoexternaldevicesis500mA/5V(max).
6.
FullcompatibilitywithUSB1.
1devices.
e.
ToachieveproperUSBconnectivitysixbasicsystemelementsmustbepresent1.
SupportfromtheBIOS2.
SupportfromtheOperatingSystem3.
PhysicalUSBports4.
AUSBDevice5.
ThecorrectUSBcableforthedevice6.
DriverseitherfromtheOSand/ortheperipheralmakerf.
USB2.
0hasarawdatarateat480Mbps,anditisrated40timesfasterthanitspredecessorinterface,USB1.
1,whichhas12Mbpsmaxspeed.
USBTypeAUSBTypeBUSBminiTypeAUSBminiTypeB10.
eSATAa.
ExternalSerialAdvancedTechnologyAttachmentoreSATAisanexternalinterfaceforSATAtechnologies.
ItisfastercomparedtoUSB2.
0orPATAtechnologies,andsuitableforbackinguplargeamountsofdatausingexternalharddrive.
b.
EventhougheSATAispartoftheSATAinterfacespecifications,itusesaverydifferentA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com16physicalconnectorfromtheinternalSATAconnectors.
ThereasonforthisistobettershieldthehighspeedseriallinesusedtotransferthesignalsfromEMIprotection.
Italsoprovidesa2moverallcablelengthcomparedtothe1mforinternalcables.
Asaresultthe,thetwocabletypescannotbeusedinterchangeably.
c.
eSATAishotswappable.
OtherdrivesIDE,EIDE,ANDPATAdoesnotsupporthotswap.
11.
Blue-raya.
Storagecapacityofblue-ray:25GB(single-layer)and50GB(dual-layer)b.
Blue-raydrivesareusuallycompatiblewithCD/DVDdrives,butnottheotherwayround.
12.
SSD(SolidStateDrives)accessdatastoredinthedriveusingdirectaccess.
Sincetherearenomechanicalrotatingcomponentsthatarefoundinconventionalharddrives,thedataaccesswouldbemuchfaster.
1.
6DifferentiateamongvariousCPUtypesandfeaturesandselecttheappropriatecoolingmethod1.
Processorpackagetypes:a.
8088,8086processorsused40pinDIPs.
80286,80386,80486,andsomePentiumcomputers(60MHz,66MHz)usedPGA(PinGridArray).
b.
Pentiumchips(75MHzandabove)usedSPGA(StaggeredPGA).
PentiumIICPUsusecatridgetypemountingmethod,called"slot-1".
CPUsandfeatures:ProcessorSockettypeRegisterDataBusAddressBus8088DIP16bit8bit20bit80286LLC/PGA/PLCC16bit16bit24bitA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com1780386SXPGA32bit16bit24bit80386DXPGA32bit32bit32bit80486SXPGA32bit32bit32bit80486DXPGA/SQFP32bit32bit32bitPentiumSocket5SPGA/Socket7SPGA.
64bit64bit32bitPentiumProSocket8SPGA64bit64bit32bitPentiumIISECSlot1PentiumIIISECC-2/PPGAorFC-PGAPentiumIVsocket423/socket478/socket775646436bit*PentiumDualCoreSocket775(LGA775)646464bit*PentiumQuadCoreSocket775(LGA775)646464bit*c.
32-bitoperatingsystemslikeWindowsXPcansupportonly32bitsofaddressingspace,andhenceonly4GBofmemorycanbeused.
Byusing64-bitoperatingsystems,16Exabytes(EB)ofRAMcanbeused.
36bitsofaddressspacecanaccessupto64GBofmemory.
d.
CPUmodels80486SX,andabovecontainonboardcachememory.
AddressBusSizeMaximumRAM32bits4GB36bits64GB40bits1TB.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com1844bits16TB64bits16EB(ExaBytes)e.
AcomputermayrebootbecauseofCPUoverheating.
Ensurethatyouhavesufficientventilationforproperairflow,andthattheCPUfanisworking.
2.
Hyperthreadinga.
ItisanIntelinventionfortheirprocessorcoresthatallowstheCPUtopresenttheOperatingSystemwithtwo"virtual"CPUs,eachwithitsownsetofresources.
Thisnewtechnologyallowsmultipleprocessingthreadstoruninparallelonasinglechip.
TheOperatingSystemandassociatedhardwareneedtosupporthyper-threadingforusingthisfeature.
Foreachprocessorcorethatisphysicallypresent,theoperatingsystemaddressestwovirtualorlogicalcores,andsharestheworkloadbetweenthemwhenpossible.
Themainfunctionofhyper-threadingistodecreasethenumberofdependentinstructionsonthepipeline.
b.
RequirementsfortheHTenabledsystem:IntelPentium4processorat3.
06GHzorhigherAnIntelchipsetthatsupportsHTTechnologySystemBIOSthatsupportsHTTechnologyandhasitenabledAnoperatingsystemthatincludesoptimizationsforHTTechnologyc.
OnlyOperatingSystemsWindowsXPandabovesupportHyper-threading.
3.
BitsandBytes1KB=1024bytes1MB=(1024X1024)bytes=(1024X1KB)bytes=1,048,576bytes1GB=(1024X1024X1024)bytes=(1024X1MB)bytes=(1024X1024X1KB)bytes=1,073,741,824bytesKBstandsforKilobyteMBstandsforMegabyteGBstandsforGigabyteByteisrepresentedby"B"asinMBBitisrepresentedby"b"asinkbpsOnebyteis8bitsA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com19TheSlot1packagereplacestheSocket7andSocket8usedbypreviousPentiumprocessors.
Slot1isa242-contactdaughtercardslotthatacceptsamicroprocessorpackagedasaSingleEdgeContact(SEC)cartridge.
AmotherboardcanhaveoneortwoSlot1s.
Morerecently,Slot2packagehasbeendevelopedandusedbyrecentprocessors.
4.
Filesystema.
FAT:UnderFATfilesystem,themaximumsizeofaclusteris32KBandthemaximumnumberofclustersis65536.
Therefore,themaximumsizeofapartitionsisthenumberofclustersmultipliedbythemaxsizeofthecluster,whichisequivalentto2GB.
Rememberthat1KB=1024bytes.
b.
NTFS:NewTechnologyFileSystem(NTFS)isafilesystemthatwasintroducedbyMicrosofttoprovidesuperiorfeatureslikeencryption,compression,anduserpermissions.
NTFSistheprimaryfilesystemusedinMicrosoft'sWindowsNT,Windows2000,WindowsXP,Windows2003,WindowsVista,andWindows7operatingsystems.
c.
Youcan'tapplyfilelevelpermissionsonaFATfilesystem.
OnlyNTFSallowsfilepermissions.
RememberthattheNTFSfilepermissionsarealwaysineffecttoallusersandprocesses.
d.
Windows98andWindows95OEMRelease2supportFAT32.
NotethatWindowsNTdoesnotsupportFAT32.
NTsupportsonlyFAT16andNTFS.
Windows2000supportsFAT16,FAT32,andNTFS.
e.
DOSstandardFAT16supportdrivesupto2GB.
FAT32supportsdrivesupto2TB(Terabytes).
5.
Intelsocketa.
PopularIntelsockettypesincludeLGA1156/SocketH,LGA775,LGA1155/1156,rPGA988A,SocketG1,etc.
PopularAMDsockettypesincludeLGA940,SocketFM1,SocketAM3,SocketG34,etc.
b.
SocketLGA775motherboardsrunIntel'sCeleron(single-core),Pentium4(single-core),PentiumD(dual-core)andCore2Duo(dual-core)desktopprocessors.
c.
LGA775:IntelPentium4,IntelPentiumD,IntelCeleron,IntelCore2Duo,IntelCore2Quad,IntelXeond.
775:IntelPentium4,IntelCelerone.
1156::IntelCorei7,IntelCorei5,IntelCorei3,IntelXeon,IntelPentium,IntelCeleronf.
1366:IntelCorei7(900series),IntelXeon(35xx,36xx,55xx,56xxseries)1.
7Compareandcontrastvariousconnectioninterfacesandexplaintheirpurpose.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com201.
BluetoothiswidelyusedforcommunicationbetweensmartphonesandotheraccessoriesorbetweenPDAsandinformationkiosks.
ThetypicalcoverageforBluetoothdevicesisupto30feet.
Itcanbeusedforpersonalareanetworkingdeviceslikekeyboardsandheadphones2.
High-DefinitionMultimediaInterface(HDMI)connectorsareusedtoconnectcompatibledigitalitems(DVDplayersandconferenceroomprojectors,forexample).
3.
DVIdiffersfromeverythingelseinthatitincludesbothdigitalandanalogsignalsatthesametime,whichmakesitpopularforLCDandplasmaTVs.
AnyTVthathasDVID/IinputshouldalsohaveaseperateaudiojacknexttotheDVIsocket,probablyamini-jack4.
VGAconnectionsandcablesareanaloginnature5.
DisplayPortisadigitalinterfacestandardproducedbytheVideoElectronicsStandardsAssociation(VESA),usedforaudioandvideo.
1.
8Installanappropriatepowersupplybasedonagivenscenario.
1.
DCvoltagescommonlyfoundinaPC:a.
+5,and+12voltsaretheDCvoltagescommonlyfoundonPCs.
80386/486operateat+5vb.
Pentiumandaboveoperateat+3.
3vc.
Powersupplywires-yellow=+12v,blue=-12v,red=+5v,&white=-5v2.
Onegoodwayofdeterminingabadpowersupplyisthatthefanwillnotrotate.
Also,thecomputerwillnotbootandtheLEDsindicatingthepoweranddiskactivitywillbeOFF.
3.
ATX12V2.
0powersupplyprovidesfourdifferentvoltages:4.
3.
3Volts,5Volts,12Voltsand-12Volts.
PreviousversionsofATX12Vusedtoprovide-5V,andithasbeendiscontinuedinversion2.
x.
5.
ATXstylesystemsusetwopowerconnectors,P8andP9toconnecttothemotherboard.
ATXsystemsuseonlyoneP1connectortoconnecttothemotherboard.
6.
UninterruptedPowerSupply(UPS)a.
AnUPSisrequiredforanycriticalandun-interrupteduseofcomputers.
Ithasthefollowingbenefits:1.
Provideprotectionagainstsmallsurges2.
Filtersnoisefromenteringthecomputer3.
Providepowertothecomputerduringlinepowerfailure4.
Givestablepowertocomputer,evenwhenthelinepowerisunstable.
b.
NotethattheUPScangiveun-interruptedpoweronlyforafixedamountoftimeunderagivenload,intheabsenceoflinevoltage7.
SomePCIExpressGraphicscardsrequireextrapower.
High-endgraphicscardswillconsumefromA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com2175wattsupto150wattsofpower.
ThePCIExpressx16connectorcandeliverupto75watts.
Inordertoachieve75W,anATX12Vpowersupplywitha2x12mainpowerconnectorisrecommended.
25W-75Wgraphicscardsarepoweredthroughthedesktopboard'sPCIExpressx16connector.
Foradditionalpowerrequirement,anewconnectoronthegraphicscardhasbeendesignedtosupplyupto150watts.
Thismeansanentirelynewpowersupplywillberequiredforsomenewgraphicscards.
8.
Whenselectingapowersupply,twoissuesbecomeimportant.
YouneedtosupplythetotalwattagerequiredbyallthedevicesandthemotherboardofthePC,andyoumustensurethatithastheconnectortypesrequiredbyyourdevices.
9.
SATA:TheSATApowerconnectoris15pins,with3pinsdesignatedfor3.
3V,5V,and12V,witheachpincarrying1.
5amps.
Thisresultsinatotaldrawof4.
95watts+7.
5watts+18watts,orabout30watts.
10.
AMolexconnectorisusedtoprovidepowertodrivesofvarioustypes.
Ithasfourpins,twoofwhichhavepower,one12Vandtheother5V.
ThesearestandardforIDE(PATA)orolderSCSIdrives.
Thetotalpowerdemandsarefrom5to15wattsforIDEand10to40wattsforSCSI.
4/8-pin12V:WiththeintroductionofthePentium4,themotherboardrequiredmorepower.
Supplementalpowerconnectionswereprovidedtothemotherboardin4-,6-(discussedlaterinthissection),or8-pinformats.
Thesewereinadditiontothe20-pinconnector(discussedlaterinthissection)thatwasalreadyprovided.
11.
Thereisa4-pinsquareminiversionoftheATXconnector,whichsupplies2pinswith12V,andan8-pinversion(tworows)thathasfour12Vleads.
Theseconnecttootheritems,liketheprocessor,orothercomponents,likeanetworkcardthatmayneedpowerthatexceedswhatcanbeprovidedwiththeATXconnectiontotheboard.
12.
PCIe6/8-pin:PCIeslotsalsodrawmorepowerandrequirepowerinadditiontothemain20-pinconnector(discussednext).
Theseadditionalconnectorscanbe6pinsandmayalsocontainanadditional2-pinconnectoronthesideforcaseswheretheconnectionrequiredis8-pin.
13.
20-pin:ThemainATXconnector,referencedearlier,isa20-pinconnector.
Thefourpinscarryingpowerare3.
3V,3.
3V,5V,and5V.
Thisallowsthemotherboardtopullabout20to30watts.
14.
24-pin:The24-pinATXconnectorissimplythe20-pinconnectordiscussedearlieralongwiththeextra4-pinconnectorontheside.
Thisprovidesthe4pinscarryingpowerasdiscussedearlierplusanadditional4pinswith5Vstandby,12V,12V,and3.
3V.
1.
9Evaluateandselectappropriatecomponentsforacustomconfiguration,tomeetcustomerspecificationsorneeds1.
32-bitOperatingsystems(especially,workstationOperatingSystemssuchasXP)usuallysupportonlyupto4GBofmemoryduetoaddressbuslimitation.
Itisrecommendedtogofor64-bitoperatingA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com22systemifyouwanttousemorethan4GBofmemory.
2.
SLItechnologyisdesignedforPCIExpressandnotAGP.
Thisnewbushassuperiorbandwidth(twotofourtimesAGP8X),supportforisochronousdatatransport,andthecapabilitytodrivemultiplehigh-speedgraphicsdeviceslikerunningvideogames.
3.
Computersusedforgraphicdesign,computer-aideddesign(CAD)applications,andcomputer-aidedmanufacturing(CAM)requiremuchmorehorsepowerthanthestandardPC.
Specifically,theyrequiremultipleormorepowerfulprocessors,morerobustvideocards,andsignificantlymorememory.
4.
SATAharddisksmaybeusedforbuildingRAIDarrays.
5.
DynamicdisksarenotsupportedinportablecomputersandonexternalUSBdevices.
TheprimaryreasonbeingthatdynamicdisksareusedforenablingRAIDconfigurationorbackconfiguration,whichrequirestwoormorediskstobepresent.
Usually,portablecomputersandUSBharddiskdrivescomewithsingleharddrive.
6.
RAIDLevel10requiresaminimumof4drivestoimplement.
RAID10isimplementedasastripedarraywhosesegmentsareRAID1arrays.
RAID10hasthesamefaulttoleranceasRAIDlevel1.
IfadiskfailsreplacethefaileddiskandseeiftheRAIDbuildsup.
Forsinglediskfailures,usually,RAID10healsitself.
7.
Thehardwareonthemachinemusthaveenoughmemory,harddrivespace,andprocessorcapabilitytosupportthevirtualization.
Youalsoneedthesoftwaretomakevirtualizationpossible.
8.
HomeServera.
Ahomeserverisaserverlocatedinaprivateresidenceprovidingservicestootherdevicesinsideand/oroutsidethehouseholdthroughahomenetworkand/ortheInternet.
Suchservicesmayincludefileand/orprinterserving,video/audioserving,webserving(onthenetworkorinternet),webcaching,accountauthenticationandbackupservices.
b.
WindowsHomeServerisbasedonWindowsServer2003R2andisintendedtobeasolutionforhomeswithmultipleconnectedPCstoofferfilesharing,automatedbackups,printserver,andremoteaccess.
c.
ImportantfeaturesofaHomeServeraregivenbelow:1.
Centralizedbackup:Backupindividualcomputersatacentrallocation.
2.
Healthmonitoring-Monitorhealthofindividualcomputers3.
Filesharing-Enablesfilesharingoverthehomenetwork4.
Printersharing-Enablesprintersharingoverthenetwork5.
Remoteaccessgateway-AllowsremoteaccesstoanyconnectedPConthenetwork,includingtheserveritself,overtheInternet.
6.
Mediastreaming-CanstreammediatoanXbox360orotherdevicessupportingWindowsMediaConnect.
7.
Selectivedataredundancy-GuardsagainstasingledrivefailurebyduplicatingA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com23selecteddataacrossmultipledrives.
8.
Expandablestorage-Providesaunifiedsingleandeasilyexpandablestoragespace,removingtheneedfordriveletters.
9.
Serverbackup-Backsupfileswhicharestoredwithinsharedfoldersontheservertoanexternalharddrive.
d.
Whencombiningvariousserversintoasinglephysicalbox,itisimportanttoconsidertheserverhardwarerequirements,suchasCPU,Memory,PowerSupply,ExpansionSlots,HardDiskCapacity,etc.
9.
StickyKeysisdesignedforpeoplewhohavedifficultyholdingdowntwoormorekeysatatime.
WhenashortcutrequiresakeycombinationsuchasCtrl+P,StickyKeysallowsyoutopressonekeyatatimeinsteadofpressingthemsimultaneously.
10.
CharacterMap:YoucanuseCharacterMaptocopyandpastespecialcharactersintoyourdocuments,suchasthetrademarksymbol,specialmathematicalcharacters,oracharacterfromthecharactersetofanotherlanguage.
11.
PointertrailscanhelppeoplewhostruggletotrackthemovementofthepointeronbothmodernTFTscreensandtraditional'tube'CRTscreens.
12.
Ascreenmagnifierissoftwarethatinterfaceswithacomputer'sgraphicaloutputtopresentenlargedscreencontent.
13.
Whendiscussingthinandthickclients,youshouldunderstandthatathickclientisaPCthathasallthecapabilitiesofastandardPC.
Itrunsallapplicationslocallyfromitsownharddrive.
Athinclientisonethathasminimalcapabilitiesandrunsthefromaremoteserver14.
Wake-On-Lanrequiresafewsettingsasbelow:a.
AnATXmotherboardwithanonboard,3-pin"WOL"connectorandATXpowersupply.
b.
AnetworkcardthatcansupportWOLwithitscabletothemotherboardproperlyinstalled.
c.
IntheBIOSPowerManagement,youmustenabletheLANWakeupoption.
d.
Thentakealookatyournetworkcardsettings,(rightclickmouseon"MyComputer"icononyourdesktop,selectManage->"DeviceManager")in"DeviceManager"openpropertiesofyour"NetworkCard"andselect"PowerManagement"tab.
YouneedtocheckappropriateboxesenablingtheNetworkCardtobringthecomputeroutofstandby.
1.
10Givenascenario,evaluatetypesandfeaturesofdisplaydevices1.
WhenyouareinstallingadifferentSVGAmonitor,itisunlikelythatthenewmonitorhasthesameA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com24capabilitiesastheoldone.
Asaresult,theimageonthescreenmaynotbereadable.
Insuchinstances,changethevideoresolutiontoStandardVGAbeforeinstallingthenewmonitor.
Youcanchangetheresolutionappropriatelyaftertheimageonthescreenisreadablewiththenewmonitor.
Itmayalsobenecessarytoloadappropriatedevicedriver,ifyouareinstallingadifferentdisplayadapter.
2.
IftheLCDscreenchangescolors,liketurninggreenandthenblueorred,itislikelythatyouhaveacableproblem.
Firstcheckthemonitorcablewhetheritisloose.
Thentrytotwistthemonitorandseeifthereisanyproblem.
Iftheproblemoccurs,itmaybenecessarytoreplacetheLCDmonitorcable.
3.
Youneedmorebrightnesswhenaprojectorisusedinenvironmentwherethereisplentyoflightintheroom.
Higherlumensprovidemorebrightness,butmoreexpensive.
1.
11Identifyconnectortypesandassociatedcables1.
High-DefinitionMultimediaInterface(HDMI)connectorsareusedtoconnectcompatibledigitalitems(DVDplayersandconferenceroomprojectors,forexample).
HDMItheoreticalcablelengthlimitis16feet(5meters).
2.
IfyouwanttoreceiveTVsignalsontheHTPC(HomeTheaterPC),youwillneedaTVtunercard.
ThesecanbeinstalledinternallyinaslotortheycanbeexternalunitsconnectedwiththeUSBport.
Theyalsocanbeanalog,digital,orboth(althoughbroadcastanalogTVhasbeendiscontinuedintheUnitedStatessince2009).
IfrecordingtheTVcontentisrequired,thecardmustalsobeavideocapturecard.
3.
Incaseswhereitisdesiredtowatchonestreamofcontentwhilerecordinganotherstream,acardthathastwotunersinitmustbeused.
Thesearecalledcombotuners.
4.
PATA(IDE)--Paralleladvancedtechnologyattachment(originallycalledATAandsometimesknownasIDEorATAPI)wasthemostdominantdesktopcomputerstorageinterfacefromthelate1980suntilrecently,whentheSATAinterfacetookover.
PATAharddrivesarestillbeingutilizedtoday,especiallyinexternalharddriveboxes,butthey'rebecomingrare.
Somecheaperhigh-endserverstoragedeviceshavealsousedPATA.
LikeSCSI,PATAhasalsogonethroughmanyrevisions.
ThemostrecentversionofPATAisUDMA/133whichsupportsathroughputof133MB/s.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com255.
AlthoughPATAsupportstwodevicesperconnectorinamaster/slaveconfiguration,theperformancepenaltyofsharingaPATAportissevereandnotrecommendedifperformanceisimportanttotheuser.
The40-pinconnectorandcablingisalsoextremelywide,whichisdifficulttouseinahigh-densityenvironmentandtendstoblockproperairflow.
Thesizeoftheconnectoralsopresentsproblemsforsmaller2.
5"harddrives,whichrequireaspecialshrunkenconnector.
6.
SATAAndESATA--SerialadvancedtechnologyattachmentistheofficialsuccessortoPATA.
Sofar,therehavebeentwobasicversionsofSATA,withSATA-150andSATA-300.
Thenumbers150and300representthenumberofMB/sthattheinterfacessupport.
SATAdoesn'thaveanyperformanceproblemsduetocable/portsharing,butthat'sbecauseitdoesn'tpermitsharingatall.
eSATAConnectorSATAConnector1.
12Installandconfigurevariousperipheraldevices1.
Keyboardscomewithtwotypesofconnectors.
Theyare:a.
DIN-5,DIN-5has5pinsandusedwithATstylekeyboards.
b.
MiniDIN-6,alsoknownasPS/2connector,hasaroundportwith6pins,oneofwhichbeingaA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com26squarepinusedforalignment.
2.
AUSBharddiskusuallyrequireslotofpower,anditisrecommendedtouseadditionalUSBadapterorexternalpowersourcetopowertheUSBharddrive.
Inthiscase,becausetheUSBharddriveisworkingonothercomputers,itislikelythattheuser'sUSBisunabletoprovidesufficientpowertothedrive.
IthappensprimarilyiftheUSBportdoesnotconformtothe2.
0standard.
UpgradingthecomputerwithUSB2.
0cardwillhelphimusetheUSBharddrive.
3.
Wheninstallingathirdpartyapplication,ensurethatthefollowingrecommendationsarefulfilled:a.
Youhaveadministrativerightstothecomputerb.
GetlatestWindowsupdatesc.
Disableanyconflictingsoftware;youcanuseMSCONFIutilitytotroubleshoottheprobleminXP,Vista,orWindows7.
d.
Makesureyourfoldernamesdon'tcontainstrangecharacterse.
Additionally,ifyouareinstallingunsignedsoftware,youwillbepromptedwhetheryouarewillingtogoaheadwiththeinstallation.
Youmustaccepttotheriskstocompletetheinstallation.
4.
Afterinstallingabarcodereader,youneedtoscaninprogramcodestoconfigurethereader5.
YoucansynchronizeaniOSdevicewithhomecomputerusingUSBorWi-Ficonnectivity.
6.
Ifthemechanicalmousepointersuddenlymovingwithirregularmovement/sporadicmovementthemainreasonisdirt.
Ifdirthasenteredthemouse,cleanthedirtwithIPA,orcottonwettedinsoapwater.
2.
Networking2.
1Identifytypesofnetworkcablesandconnectors1.
ShieldedcablesusuallycompriseofoneortwoinsulatedwiresthataresurroundedbyanaluminumMylarfoilorawovenbraidedshield.
Thefoiledshieldofthecableensuresbettersignaltransmissionbyeliminatingirregularpowerfrequencyandexternalradiointerference.
Mostly,powercableswhichcarryhigh-voltageofelectricityareshieldedforgreaterprotectionandbetterelectrictransmission.
Shieldedcablesexhibitbetterinterferencerejectioncharacteristicscomparedtounshieldedcables.
2.
TheIEEE1394interfaceisaserialbusinterfacestandardforhigh-speedcommunicationsfrequentlyusedbypersonalcomputers,aswellasindigitalaudio,anddigitalvideo,TheinterfaceisalsoknownbythebrandnamesofFireWire(Apple),i.
LINK(Sony),andLynx(TexasInstruments).
3.
Apunchdowntool,alsocalledapunchdowntoolisusedwidelybynetworktechnicians.
Itisusedforinsertingwireintoinsulation-displacementconnectorsonpunchdownblocksorpatchpanels.
4.
Acrimpingtoolisatooldesignedtocrimporconnectaconnectortotheendofacable.
Forexample,networkcablesandphonecablesarecreatedusingacrimpingtooltoconnecttheRJ-45andRJ-11A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com27connectorstotheendofthecable.
5.
RG-6maybeusedforbothanaloganddigitaltelevisiontransmission.
2.
2Categorizecharacteristicsofconnectorsandcabling1.
Cat5cangouptospeedsof100mbps,anditisnotdesignedformeetinggigabitspeeds.
Cat5e(eforenhanced)canreachupto1gbps,butitisnotcertifiedtobeusedatgigabitspeeds.
Cat6cableisdesignedtobeusedat1gbps,andisrecommendedforthispurpose.
Cat6aandCat7cablescangoupto10gbps,butexpensive.
2.
3ExplainpropertiesandcharacteristicsofTCP/IP1.
TCP/IPa.
TCP/IPisthemediumoftransportwhenyourareaccessingtheInternet.
b.
SomeimportantTCP/IPportnumbersareasgivenbelow:1.
FTP:21,standsforFileTransferProtocolisaclientserverprotocolYourWindowsmachine,runningFTPclientcancommunicatewiththeUnixServerrunningFTPserverdaemon,andtransferfilestoandfromyourcomputer.
2.
Telnet:23,standsforTelnettingfromaremoteterminaltoaTelnetServer3.
SMTP:25,standsforSimpleMailTransferProtocol4.
HTTP/WWW:80,standsforHyperTextTransferProtocol5.
POP3:110,standsforPostOfficeProtocol6.
HTTPS:443,standsforHTTPSecurec.
TCP/IPistheprotocolusedwhenyouareTelnettingtoaremotehost.
HTTPisusedforaccessingtheWorldWideWebservices.
d.
SomeoftheimportantcommandsusefulintroubleshootingTCP/IPnetworksare:1.
Ipconfig:DisplaysTCP/IPconfigurationvalues,includingIPaddress,subnetmask,anddefaultgateway.
Availableoptionswithipconfigcommandaregivenbelow:/Displaythishelpmessage/allDisplayfullconfigurationinformation.
/releaseReleasetheIPv4addressforthespecifiedadapter.
/release6ReleasetheIPv6addressforthespecifiedadapter.
/renewRenewtheIPv4addressforthespecifiedadapter.
/renew6RenewtheIPv6addressforthespecifiedadapter.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com28/flushdnsPurgestheDNSResolvercache.
/registerdnsRefreshesallDHCPleasesandre-registersDNSnames/displaydnsDisplaythecontentsoftheDNSResolverCache.
/showclassidDisplaysallthedhcpclassIDsallowedforadapter.
/setclassidModifiesthedhcpclassid.
/showclassid6DisplaysalltheIPv6DHCPclassIDsallowedforadapter/setclassid6ModifiestheIPv6DHCPclassid.
2.
nslookupprovidestheIPaddressoftheremotecomputerafterqueryingthednsserverfortheIPconfiginformation.
3.
Ping:Thiscommandcanbeusedtoverifywhetherthetargetipaddressorhostnameispresent.
YouneedtospecifythetargetIPaddressorhostname.
Youcanpingtheloopbackaddressat127.
0.
0.
1.
AresponseensuresthattheTCP/IPstackisinstalledproperlyonyourcomputer.
4.
Route:Displaysandmanipulatesrouteinformation.
5.
Tracert:Determinestheroutepacketstaketoreachthespecifieddestination.
e.
ToseeTCP/IPconfigurationonaWindows95/98computer,useWINIPCFG.
ItwilldisplayyourIPaddress,subnetmask,defaultgateway,hardwareMACaddress.
f.
ToseeTCP/IPconfigurationonanNTmachine,useIPCONFIG.
ItwillalsodisplaytheIPconfigurationinformationonanNTmachine.
Togetmoredetails,useIPCONFIG/ALL.
g.
ToverifythatclientcomputerisconfiguredproperlywithappropriateIPaddress,subnetmask,anddefaultgatewayuseIpconfig/allcommand.
h.
Ifindicatorlightonnetworkswitchisblinkingrapidlyevenwhenallothercomputernodesaredisconnecteditisverylikelythattheswitchportortheswitchisbad.
2.
SMTPisusedtouploadmailtothemailserver.
POP3isusedfordownloadingmailfromamailservertoaclientmachinerunningPOP3client.
3.
BothPPPandSLIPcanbeusedfordialupconnections.
However,SLIPcan'tbeusedwheretheIPaddressneedtobeassigneddynamically.
TheadvantageofPPPismultiprotocolsupport,thatitcansupportTCP/IP,IPX,AppleTalketc.
SLIPcansupportonlyTCP/IPandIPaddressesneedtobeassignedmanually.
4.
WINSserverresolvestheNetBIOSnamestoIPaddresses.
AWindowsnetworkrunningTCP/IPneedtobeconfiguredwithWINS(orLMHOSTSfileoneachcomputer)forNetBIOSnameresolution.
5.
HOSTSfileandDNS(DomainNameServer)areusedforresolvingFQDNs(FullyQualifiedDomainNames)toIPaddresses.
6.
NetworkingutilitiesA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com29a.
NBTSTAT:ThisutilitydisplayscurrentNetBIOSoverTCP/IPconnections,anddisplayNetBIOSnamecache.
b.
NETSTAT:DisplaysprotocolstatisticsandcurrentTCP/IPconnectionssincetheserverwaslastbooted.
c.
TRACERT:Usedtodeterminewhichrouteapackettakestoreachitsdestinationfromsource.
d.
IPCONFIG:UsedtodisplayWindowsIPconfigurationinformation.
e.
NSLOOKUP:ThisutilityenablesuserstointeractwithaDNSserveranddisplayresourcerecords.
f.
ROUTE:Usedtodisplayandeditstaticroutingtables.
g.
Netshisacommand-linescriptingutilitythatallowsusto,eitherlocallyorremotely,displayormodifythenetworkconfigurationofacomputer.
Netshalsoprovidesascriptingfeaturethatallowsustorunagroupofcommandsinbatchmodeagainstaspecifiedcomputer.
7.
AusercanstartaDHCPclientservicebygoingtoControlPanelorusingMyComputerasbelow:controlPanel->AdministrativeTools->Services->DHCPclientServices->StartMyComputer->Manage->ServicesandApplications->Services->DHCPclientServices->Start8.
APIPAstandsforAutomaticPrivateIPAddressing.
AfeatureofMicrosoftWindows,APIPAisaDHCPfailovermechanism.
WithAPIPA,DHCPclientscanobtainIPaddresseswhenDHCPserversarenonfunctional.
APIPAexistsinallpopularversionsofWindowsexceptWindowsNT.
WhenaDHCPserverfails,APIPAallocatesIPaddressesintheprivaterange169.
254.
0.
1to169.
254.
255.
254.
ClientsverifytheiraddressisuniqueonthenetworkusingARP.
WhentheDHCPserverisagainabletoservicerequests,clientsupdatetheiraddressesautomatically.
2.
4ExplaincommonTCPandUDPports,protocols,andtheirpurpose1.
TheISPprovidestheinformationontheSMTP,andPOPserveraddresses.
Youneedtofeedthisinformationtothemailclientwhileconfiguringtosendandreceivee-mail.
2.
GivenbelowarethebasiccommandsthatareusedwithFTP:1.
gettocopyonefilefromtheremotemachinetothelocalmachine2.
mgettocopymultiplefilesfromtheremotemachinetothelocalmachine;3.
puttocopyonefilefromthelocalmachinetotheremotemachine4.
mputtocopymultiplefilesfromthelocalmachinetotheremotemachine;5.
'p'isusedtorequesthelporinformationabouttheFTPcommands,andlsisusedtolistdirectorycontents.
3.
RemoteDesktopProtocol(RDP)A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com30a.
TheminimumrequirementforsettingupRemoteDesktophostrunningRDP(RemoteDesktopProtocol)isWindowsXPProfessionalorlater.
TheminimumrequirementsfortheClientcomputerisWindows9xorabove.
AWindowsXPHomecanactasclientbutnotasahost.
Notethatthecomputerthatoffersthelocalresourcestoaremoteuseriscalledahostcomputerorsimplythehost.
Thecomputerthatconnectstothehostcomputeriscalledaclientcomputerorsimply,client.
Thehostcomputerrunsremotedesktop(RDP).
b.
RDPserversarebuiltintoWindowsoperatingsystems;anRDPserverforLinuxalsoexists.
Bydefault,theserverlistensonTCPport3389.
c.
RemoteDesktopusesRemoteDesktopProtocol(RDP),whichinturnusesport3389.
Byconfiguringtheroutertoforwardtrafficonport3389tothehostcomputerrunningRDP,oneshouldbeabletoaccessthehostremotely.
IfthehostcomputerisonapubliclyaccessibleIPaddress,thereisnoneedforportforwarding.
Remoteclientcanaccessthehostdirectlyusinghost'spublicIPaddress.
Theportforwardingisusuallyconfiguredontherouterthatcommunicateswiththeexternalnetwork(Internet)d.
ToenableRDPonWindowsXPProfessionalcomputerRight-clickMyComputer,clickProperties,andthenclicktheRemotetab.
TurnonRemoteDesktopbyselectingthecheckboxAllowuserstoremotelyconnecttothiscomputer.
DesignateusersbyclickingtheSelectRemoteUsers.
.
.
button.
2.
5Compareandcontrastwirelessnetworkingstandardsandencryptiontypes1.
WirelessNetworkingThegenericstandardthatdefineswirelessLANtechnologiesis802.
11.
Specifically,thefollowingstandardsexist:a.
802.
11:appliestowirelessLANsandprovides1or2Mbpstransmissioninthe2.
4GHzband.
b.
802.
11a:anextensionto802.
11thatappliestowirelessLANsandprovidesupto54Mbpsinthe5GHzband.
Thishigherfrequencycomparedto802.
11bshortenstherangeof802.
11anetworks.
Because802.
11aand802.
11butilizedifferentfrequencies,thetwotechnologiesareincompatiblewitheachother.
c.
802.
11b(initiallyreferredtoas802.
11orWi-Fi):anextensionto802.
11thatappliestowirelessLANandprovidesupto11Mbpstransmissioninthe2.
4GHzband.
d.
802.
11g:appliestowirelessLANsandprovides20+Mbpsinthe2.
4GHzband.
802.
11gisbackwardscompatiblewith802.
11b.
e.
802.
11nsupportdataratesofover100Mbps.
802.
11nalsoofferssomewhatbetterrangeoverA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com31earlierWi-Fistandardsduetoitsincreasedsignalintensity.
802.
11nequipmentwillbebackwardcompatiblewith802.
11ggear.
2.
The802.
11nhighthroughput(HT)standarddefinesthreemodesofoperation:alegacy(non-HT)mode,agreenfield(HT-only)mode,andamixedmodewhereHTprotectionmechanismsensurethattransmissionscanbedetectedbybothold802.
11a/g/bdevicesandnew802.
11ndevices.
3.
Inmixedmode,HTprotectionrequiresthat802.
11ndevicessendalegacypreamble,followedbyanHTpreamble.
Thelegacypreamblelets802.
11a/b/gdevicestoavoidtransmittingoverHTframessentby802.
11ndevices.
4.
TheseHTprotectionmechanismssignificantlyreducean802.
11nWLAN'sthroughput,buttheyarenecessarytoavoidcollisionsbetweenolder802.
11a/b/gdevicesandnewer802.
11ndevices.
Ifyouknewthatnolegacydeviceswerepresent,youcouldconfigureyouraccesspoint(AP)tooperateingreenfield(HT-only)mode,eliminatingthisoverhead.
5.
BluetoothClass3supportsspeedsupto1mat2.
4GHz(1mWpoweroutputmax)6.
BluetoothClass2supportsspeedsupto10mat2.
4GHz(2.
5mWpoweroutputmax)7.
BluetoothClass1supportsspeedsupto100mat2.
4GHz(100mWpoweroutputmax)8.
WPA,shortforWi-FiProtectedAccess,isaWi-FistandardthatwasdesignedtoimproveuponthesecurityfeaturesofWEP(WiredEquivalentPrivacy).
ThetechnologyisdesignedtoworkwithexistingWi-FiproductsthathavebeenenabledwithWEP.
9.
Tosecuretherouterfromunauthorizedaccessyouneedtochangethedefaultlogin/passwordonaroutersoonaftertherouterisinstalled.
Secondly,ensuretosetencryptionsuchasWPA2sothatonlyauthorizeduserswillbeabletoaccessthewirelessnetwork10.
WEP,shortforWirelessEquivalentProtection,isasecurityprotocoldesignedtoprovideprotectionequivalenttowiredLANs.
WPAisanimprovedsecurityprotocolcomparedtoWEP.
11.
Infraredtechnologyallowscomputingdevicestocommunicateviashort-rangewirelesssignals.
Withinfrared,computerscantransferfilesandotherdigitaldatabidirectionally.
Infraredcommunicationsspanveryshortdistances.
Placetwoinfrareddeviceswithinafewfeet(nomorethan5meters)ofeachotherwhennetworkingthem.
UnlikeWi-FiandBluetoothtechnologies,infrarednetworksignalscannotpenetratewallsorotherobstructionsandworkonlyinthedirect"lineofsight.
"2.
6Install,configure,anddeployaSOHOwireless/wiredrouterusingappropriatesettings1.
SSID,shortforservicesetidentifier,auniqueidentifierattachedtotheheaderofpacketssentoveraWLAN.
TheSSIDdifferentiatesoneWLANfromanother,soallaccesspointsandalldevicesattemptingtoconnecttoaspecificWLANmustusethesameSSID.
WEPtogetherwithSSID,providesbasicprotectionforthewirelessnetwork.
2.
Tolimitthenumberofcomputerstoaknownfew,configuringMACfilteringisaverygoodoption.
Thisisconfiguredonthewirelessrouterandnotontheclientcomputers.
Anywirelessnetwork,SSIDA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com32needstobeconfiguredonthewirelessrouter.
NotethatiftherouterbroadcastsSSID,thentheclientswillautomaticallylearnaboutthewirelessnetwork.
IftheSSIDbroadcastisdisabledontherouter,youneedtoconfiguretheclientswithproperSSID(sameasthatoftherouterSSID).
3.
Forlocaladministrators,onlythebuilt-inadministratoraccountcanbeusedtoperformaremoteinstall.
Sincethisaccountisdisabledbydefault,pleaseusethe"netuseradministrator/active:yes"commandfromthecommandconsole.
Thiswillenablethisaccounttoinstallapplicationsremotely.
4.
QoSstandsforqualityofservice.
InSOHOenvironment,QoSisnormallysetatrouterlevel.
IfyouwanttoenforceQoSpoliciesinyournetwork,makesureyouusearouter,whichisequippedwithQoSsoftware.
5.
Addingtheportexceptiona.
ClickStart,clickRun,typewscui.
cpl,andthenclickOK.
b.
InWindowsSecurityCenter,clickWindowsFirewall.
c.
ClicktheExceptionstab,andthenclickAddPorttodisplaytheAddaPortdialogbox.
d.
Typeadescriptivenamefortheportexceptionandtheportnumberthatyourprogramuses,andthenselecteithertheTCPorUDPprotocol.
e.
ClickOKtoclosetheAddaPortdialogbox.
6.
NAT(ShortforNetworkAddressTranslation)isusedtomapinternalIPaddressestoexternalIPaddresses.
Typicaaly,arouteroraFirewallisusedforthispurpose.
7.
TurningOFFSSIDistheeasiestthingtodotopreventpeopleoutsideofthepremisesfromaccessingawirelessnetwork.
NotethatforWPAencryption,youneedtoconfigureitonthewirelessrouterandonalltheworkstations.
ToenableMACfiltering,youneedtogathertheMACaddressesofallclientcomputers,andfeeditintothewirelessrouter.
8.
Ifyouuseadiskdrivethatwaspreviouslyconfiguredasadynamicdriveinanothercomputer,itmayshowupasforeigndrive.
Youneedtoimporttheforeigndrivetoshowupinthedrivemanageraslocal.
2.
7CompareandcontrastInternetconnectiontypesandfeatures1.
ISDN:ISDNBRI(BasicRateInterface)willhavetwoBchannels,eachcancarrydataupto64Kbps,aggregatingto128Kbps.
2.
Infraredtechnologyallowscomputingdevicestocommunicateviashort-rangewirelesssignals.
Withinfrared,computerscantransferfilesandotherdigitaldatabidirectionally.
Infraredcommunicationsspanveryshortdistances.
Placetwoinfrareddeviceswithinafewfeet(nomorethan5meters)ofeachotherwhennetworkingthem.
UnlikeWi-FiandBluetoothtechnologies,infrarednetworksignalscannotpenetratewallsorotherobstructionsandworkonlyinthedirect"lineofsight.
"3.
ADSLmodelmostcommonlyusesnormaltelephoneline(TwistedPairorTP)forconnectingtotheA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com33Internet.
4.
Asthenameimplies,inasynchronousdigitalsubscriberservice(knownasASDL),thedownloadspeedsaremuchgreaterthantheuploadspeeds.
ThisisdonebasedontheusagetrendsofInternet.
Mostuserstendtodownloadmuchmorethanwhatusuallyupload.
2.
8IdentifyvarioustypesofnetworksLAN(LocalAreaNetwork):ALANconnectsnetworkdevicesoverarelativelyshortdistance.
Anetworkedofficebuilding,school,orhomeusuallycontainsasingleLAN,thoughsometimesonebuildingwillcontainafewsmallLANs(perhapsoneperroom),andoccasionallyaLANwillspanagroupofnearbybuildings.
InTCP/IPnetworking,aLANisoftenbutnotalwaysimplementedasasingleIPsubnet.
Inadditiontooperatinginalimitedspace,LANsarealsotypicallyowned,controlled,andmanagedbyasinglepersonororganization.
Theyalsotendtousecertainconnectivitytechnologies,primarilyEthernetandTokenRing.
WAN(WideAreaNetwork):Asthetermimplies,aWANspansalargephysicaldistance.
TheInternetisthelargestWAN,spanningtheEarth.
AWANisageographically-dispersedcollectionofLANs.
AnetworkdevicecalledarouterconnectsLANstoaWAN.
InIPnetworking,theroutermaintainsbothaLANaddressandaWANaddress.
AWANdiffersfromaLANinseveralimportantways.
MostWANs(liketheInternet)arenotownedbyanyoneorganizationbutratherexistundercollectiveordistributedownershipandmanagement.
WANstendtousetechnologylikeATM,FrameRelayandX.
25forconnectivityoverthelongerdistances.
PAN(PersonalAreaNetwork):isacomputernetworkorganizedaroundanindividualperson.
Personalareanetworkstypicallyinvolveamobilecomputer,acellphoneand/orahandheldcomputingdevicesuchasaPDA.
Youcanusethesenetworkstotransferfilesincludingemailandcalendarappointments,digitalphotosandmusic.
Personalareanetworkscanbeconstructedwithcablesorbewireless.
USBandFireWiretechnologiesoftenlinktogetherawiredPAN,whilewirelessPANstypicallyuseBluetoothorsometimesinfraredconnections.
BluetoothPANsarealsosometimescalledpiconets.
Personalareanetworksgenerallycoverarangeoflessthan10meters(about30feet).
PANscanbeviewedasaspecialtype(orsubset)oflocalareanetwork(LAN)thatsupportsonepersoninsteadofagroup.
MAN(MetropolitanAreaNetwork):isanetworkthatinterconnectsuserswithcomputerresourcesinageographicareaorregionlargerthanthatcoveredbyevenalargelocalareanetwork(LAN)butsmallerthantheareacoveredbyawideareanetwork(WAN).
Thetermisappliedtotheinterconnectionofnetworksinacityintoasinglelargernetwork(whichmaythenalsoofferefficientconnectiontoawideareanetwork).
Itisalsousedtomeantheinterconnectionofseverallocalareanetworksbybridgingthemwithbackbonelines.
Thelatterusageisalsosometimesreferredtoasacampusnetwork.
Topologies:Atopologyisphysicalandlogicalnetworklayout.
PhysicallayoutincludeactuallayoutofcablesandothernetworkdeviceswhereasLogicallayoutincludethewayinwhichthenetworkappearstothedevicesthatuseit.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com34Mesh:Inthistopologyeachcomputerisconnectedtoeveryother.
Thistopologyisrarelyused.
Advantages:-Itprovidemultiplepathsbetweentwodevicessoifonepathfailsothercanbeused.
-NetworkcanbeexpandedwithoutdistruptiontocurrentusesDisadvantages-Ithashighlevelofredundancy-wiringisverycomplicated-Cablingcostisveryhigh-FindingfaultincablingisverytrickyRing:Inthistopologyeachnetworkcomputeranddeviceareconnectedtoeachotherformingalargecircle(orsimilarshape).
Eachpacketissentaroundtheringuntilitreachesitsfinaldestination.
TypicallyFDDI,SONETorTokenRingtechnologyareusedtoimplementaringnetwork.
Advantages:-Anyfaultincablecanbefoundeasily.
-Thesenetworksarecomparativelyeasytoinstall.
Disadvantages:-Expansionwillcausedisruptionincurrentnetwork-Singlefaultincablewilldisruptentirenetwork.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com35BUS:Busnetworksuseacommonbackbonetoconnectalldevices.
Asinglecable,thebackbonefunctionsasasharedcommunicationmediumthatdevicesattachortapintowithaninterfaceconnector.
Adevicewantingtocommunicatewithanotherdeviceonthenetworksendsabroadcastmessageontothewirethatallotherdevicessee,butonlytheintendedrecipientactuallyacceptsandprocessesthemessage.
Advantages:-Easytoimplement-Lesscableisused-Nospecializednetworkequipmentisneeded.
Disadvantages-Singlefaultincablewilldisruptentirenetwork.
-Expansionwillcausedisruptionincurrentnetwork-Troubleshootingisdifficult.
Star:InStartopology,allthecomponentsofnetworkareconnectedtothecentraldevicecalled"hub"whichmaybeahub,arouteroraswitch.
AllthedataonthestartopologypassesthroughthecentraldevicebeforereachingA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com36theintendeddestination.
HubactsasajunctiontoconnectdifferentnodespresentinStarNetwork,andatthesametimeitmanagesandcontrolswholeofthenetwork.
Dependingonwhichcentraldeviceisused,"hub"canactasrepeaterorsignalbooster.
Centraldevicecanalsocommunicatewithotherhubsofdifferentnetwork.
UnshieldedTwistedPair(UTP)Ethernetcableisusedtoconnectworkstationstocentralnode.
Advantages:-GivesbetterperformancecomparedtoBUS-Newdevicescanbeaddedeasily.
-Centralizedmanagementmakesmonitoringthenetworkiseasier.
-Singlenodefailurewillnotaffectentirenetwork.
Disadvantages-Ifcentraldevice(Hub)failswholenetworkgoesdown.
-Useofcentraldeviceincreaseoverallcost.
-Performanceofnetworkdependsoncapacityofcentraldevice.
Hybrid:Itisanintegrationoftwoormoredifferenttopologiestoformaresultanttopology.
Thiscombinationoftopologiesisdoneaccordingtotherequirementoftheorganization.
Forexampleanofficecanuseastartopologyineachofitsdepartmentandringtopologytoconnectthesedepartments.
Advantages:-Faultdetectioniseasier.
-Sizeofthenetworkcanbeincreasedeasilywithoutdistruptiontocurrentnetwork.
-Itisveryflexibleasnetworkcanbedesignedaccordingtorequirementsandavailableresources.
DisadvantagesA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com37-Overallcostofnetworkishighasitrequireslotofcables,manynetworkdeviceslikeHUBtoconnectvariousnetworks.
-Designbecomesmoreandmorecomplexasnumberofnetworksincrease2.
9Compareandcontrastnetworkdevices,theirfunctions,andfeatures1.
Mostcommonlyusednetworkdevicesarehubs,switches(orbridges),androuters.
a.
Router:ArouterforInternetsharingisnormallyconfiguredusingwebbrowser.
High-endroutersmayprovideoptionforterminalconnectivity,whereinyoucanconnectaterminal,andissuecommandsforconfiguringtherouter.
b.
Hub:Ahubisbasicallyamulti-portrepeater.
Whenitreceivesapacket,itrepeatsthatpacketouteachport.
Thismeansthatallcomputersthatareconnectedtothehubreceivethepacketwhetheritisintendedforthemornot.
It'sthenuptothecomputertoignorethepacketifit'snotaddressedtoit.
Thismightnotseemlikeabigdeal,butimaginetransferringa50MBfileacrossahub.
Everycomputerconnectedtothehubgetssentthatentirefile(inessence)andhastoignoreit.
c.
Bridge:Abridgeisakindofrepeater,butithassomeintelligence.
Itlearnsthelayer2(MAC)addressesofdevicesconnectedtoit.
Thismeansthatthebridgeissmartenoughtoknowwhentoforwardpacketsacrosstothesegmentsthatitconnects.
Bridgescanbeusedtoreducethesizeofacollisiondomainortoconnectnetworksofdifferingmedia/topologies,suchasconnectinganEthernetnetworktoaTokenRingnetwork.
d.
Switch:Aswitchisessentiallyamulti-portbridge.
TheswitchlearnstheMACaddressesofeachcomputerconnectedtoeachofitsports.
So,whenaswitchreceivesapacket,itonlyforwardsthepacketouttheportthatisconnectedtothedestinationMACaddress.
Rememberthatahubsendsthepacketouteveryport,andyoucanseehowmuchmoreefficientthisit.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com382.
10Givenascenario,useappropriatenetworkingtoolsa)AnassortmentofPhillips-head,flathead,andTorxscrewdrivers,aswellasvaryingsizesofnutdrivers.
b)Severaltypesofsmallpartsusedoncircuitboards,includingvarioussizesofscrewsandnuts;extrajumpers(thetinydevicesusedtomakeconnectionsbetweenthepinsoncertaincircuitry);screws;andstand-offs,smallwasher-typepartsmadeofanonconductingmaterial,oftennylon,usedtoensurethatamotherboarddoesnotcomeincontactwithacomputercase.
c)Severalsizesofslotcovers,themetalbracketsthatcovertheopenings(slots)inthebackofaPCforaccommodatingexpansioncards.
Aslotcoverservestokeepdustoutwhenanexpansionslotisemptyandhelpscoolingairflow.
d)Apartsgrabber,alsocalledanextendingextractor.
Thispen-sizedtoolhasaplungeratoneend,which,whenpressed,causessmall,hookedprongstoextendfromtheotherendofthetool.
Theseareusefulforretrievingdroppedobjects,suchasjumpersorscrews,frominsideacomputer.
Beverycarefulnottotouchanycircuitrywhenusingone.
e)Anextensionmagnet,along-handledtoolwithamagnetontheend.
Useitlikeapartsgrabber,onlyithasamagnetthatattractssmallobjectsthatcontainiron.
Thisishandyforpickingupobjectsthatfallonthefloor,butthepotentialdangersmaynotbeworththeconvenience.
Neveruseanextensionmagnetnearacomputeroranyperipheralsthatcontainmagneticstoragebecausethemagnetcandamagedata.
f)Aflashlightforilluminatingdarkplaces.
g)Asmallcontainerforholdingextrascrewsandothersmallparts(apillbottleworkswell).
h)AnESDwriststraptousewhenworkingonanycomponentexceptthepowersupply,monitor,andlaserprinters.
i)AnESDmatprovidesastaticchargewithapathtogroundandisdesignedforthedesktoporfloorofaworkspace.
Whilethismatmaynotfitinyourtoolkit,itissomethingthatshouldbeavailableatanyPCtechnician'sworkbench.
j)Fieldreplaceableunits(FRUs)shouldbeincludedinyourhardwaretoolkit.
AnFRUisanycomponentthatyoucaninstallintoasystemonsite.
Thisincludessuchitemsasmemorymodules,heatsinks,CMOSbatteries,variousadaptercards,harddrives,opticaldrives,keyboards,mice,fans,ACadapters,sparecablesandconnectors,powersupplies,andevensparemotherboards.
Ofcourse,allofthisdependsonthescopeofyourjobandhowcost-effectiveitistohavetheseitemsonhand.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com39k)Amultimeterisindispensableindeterminingpowerproblemsfromapoweroutletorfromthepowersupply.
You'llusethishandhelddevicetomeasuretheresistance,voltage,and/orcurrentincomputercomponentsusingtwoprobes(onenegative,onepositive)thatyoutouchtopowerwiresintheequipmentyouaretesting.
l)Apowersupplytesterisaspecializeddevicefortestingapowersupplyunit,andisabitsafertousethanamultimeterforthispurpose.
Apowersupplytestercomeswithconnectorscompatiblewiththeoutputconnectorsonastandardpowersupply,ratherthanwithjustthesimpleprobesofamultimeter.
AnLCDdisplayorLEDsshowthetestresults.
m)Acabletesterwilldetectifacablecanconnectproperlyendtoendanddetermineifthereisashort.
Severaltypesofcabletestersareavailable,suchasthoseforcopperEthernetandphonecables,fiber-opticcabletesters,andcoaxialcabletesters.
Atonerprobeisacabletesterthatgeneratesatoneononeendofacableandevaluatesthesignalreceivedontheotherend.
n)Aloopbackplug,aplugwiredtosendsignalsbacktoaspecificporttype(serial,parallel,USB,etc.
)ordevice,suchasanEthernetadapter,asatestofthedevice.
Itreroutesthesendingpinsfromtheportordevicetothereceivingpins,thusallowingyoutotesttheabilitytosendandreceivewithoutconnectingtoanexternaldeviceornetwork.
o)Adigitalcamerawillenableyoutodocumenttheconditionofacomputerbeforeyoubegintroubleshooting.
Oneimportantwayweuseadigitalcameraistodocumentthecablingandconnections—bothexternalandinternal—beforemakinganychanges,sothatwecanreconnectallcomponentscorrectly.
Acameraisalsohandyforcapturinglow-levelerrormessagesthatcannotbecapturedotherwise.
p)Wirecuttersforcuttingvarioustypesofwires,butespeciallyforEthernetcables.
q)Apunchdowntoolisahandtoolwithascrewdriver-typehandleandoneormorespecializedbladesusedforinsertingvarioustypesofwireintoappropriatewiringpanels.
Thewiringmaybeforelectricalpowerornetworkcabling.
r)Acrimper,alsocalledacrimptool,resemblesapairofpliers,butisusedtoterminateamultistrandedcableintoaconnector,clampingeachwireinplaceintheconnectorsothatthewireslineupwiththewiresintheconnector.
s)Acablestripperisacrossbetweenapairofpliersandscissorsandisdesignedtostriptheinsulationfromaroundthewiresinacable.
t)APOSTcardisanadaptercardusedtorunaspecialdiagnostictestonacomputerasitpowersup.
Thesetestsgobeyondthoseperformedbythecomputer'sownBIOS-basedtestingthatoccursasitstartsup.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com403.
Laptops3.
1Installandconfigurelaptophardwareandcomponents1.
NickelCadmiumbatterya.
Thenickelcadmiumbattery,knownasNiCad,usedtobethemostcommontypeoflaptopbattery.
NiCadbatteriescouldeasilyberuinedbybeingleftonthechargeraftertheyhadreachedfullcharge,orbybeingrechargedbeforetheywerecompletelydead.
Thelatterproblem,calledthe"memoryeffect,"meantthatifyourechargedyourlaptopbatterybeforeithadruncompletelydown,itwouldrememberthepointatwhichyouputitbackonthecharger,andonlydischargethatfarthenexttimeyouusedit.
b.
NickelCadmiumbatteryisnotenvironmentallyfriendlyandnotasefficientasNickel/MetalhydrideorLithiumIon.
Nickel/Metalhydride,thoughenvironmentallyfriendly,notasefficientasLithiumIon.
LithiumIonbatteryisenvironmentallyfriendlyandveryefficient.
2.
Nickelmetalhydridebatterya.
Thenickelmetalhydride(NiMH)laptopbatterycouldholdconsiderablymorepowerthanNiCad,buttheystillhadsomethingofamemoryeffect,althoughtoalesserextent3.
Lithiumionbatterya.
Lithiumion(Li-Ion)isthelatesttechnologyforlaptopbatteries.
Theyareconsiderablylighteranddoesnotexhibitmemoryeffect.
TheLi-Ionlaptopbatterylastsconsiderablylongerthanitspredecessors.
IfyourlaptopsupportsLi-Ionbattery,thenitisarecommendedchoice.
4.
PassivematrixdisplaysaremostcommonlyusedandcheaperthanActivematrixdisplays.
Also,passivematrixdisplaysconsumelesspower.
However,theadvantagesofactivematrixdisplayarethattheycanhandlefasterscreenimagetransition,anddisplayisclearlyviewable,evenfromslantangles.
5.
LaptopsmostwidelyusePCMCIAcards,alsoreferredtoasPCcards.
6.
Normally,desktopprocessorsconsumehigherpowercomparedtolaptopprocessors.
Laptopprocessorsareoptimizedforlesserpowerconsumption,sothattheheatproducedisalsoless.
Thisistotakecareofpoorventilationconditionsinalaptopcomputer.
7.
Whiledoinganyhardwareupgradationonalaptop(suchasaddingmorememory,etc),remembertoremovethebatteryinadditiontounpluggingofACmains.
8.
IfthebatteryofanewlaptopisgivinglessoutputtimewhenfullychargesfirstcheckACadapter.
IfthereisnoproblemwiththeACadapter,thenextbestchoicewouldbetore-calibratethebattery.
9.
ExpressCardisaninterfacetoallowperipheraldevicestobeconnectedtoacomputer,usuallyalaptopcomputer.
FormerlycalledNEWCARD,theExpressCardstandardspecifiesthedesignofslotsbuiltintothecomputerandofcardswhichcanbeinsertedintoExpressCardslots.
Thecardscontainelectroniccircuitryandconnectorstowhichexternaldevicescanbeconnected.
TheExpressCardA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com41standardreplacesthePCCard(alsoknownasPCMCIA)standards.
10.
PCIExpress(PeripheralComponentInterconnectExpress),officiallyabbreviatedasPCIe,isahigh-speedserialcomputerexpansionbusstandarddesignedtoreplacetheolderPCI,PCI-X,andAGPbusstandards.
11.
WheninstallingSODIMMmemorychip,oneneedstoturnoffthelaptopandunplugthepowersupplytopreventanydamageduetostatic.
12.
ThesecondRAMslotistypicallylocatedunderthekeyboardofthelaptop.
13.
Theupgradablecomponentsinalaptopinclude:a.
Processor:Itcouldbeupgradedtoahigherspeed,butitwouldbeveryexpensive.
Youneedtocheckwiththemanufacturerwhethertheyhaveafastercompatibleprocessor.
b.
Memory:Thisiseasilyupgradable.
Butusually,laptopscomewithatleast2GBofmemory.
Notethat32-bitOperatingSystemsrecognizeonly2GBandit'snotrecommendedtousehighermemorycapacityunlessyougofora64-bitlaptop.
c.
Videocard:Italmostalwaysnotpossibletoupgradeavideocard.
Choosethelaptopcarefullywhenbuying,takingintoconsiderationyouraudio/videorequirements.
d.
Networkcard:Again,networkcardisnotusuallyreplaceableinalaptop.
Harddisk:Yes,youcanupgradetheharddiskinalaptopwithbiggercapacityharddisk.
Thisisrelativelyeasytask.
14.
Manufacturer'smanualshouldbeconsultedbeforeattemptingtodisassemblealaptopforboardupgrade.
Usually,thebattery,harddrive,DVDdrive,memoryareamongthefirsttobedisassembled.
http://www.
insidemylaptop.
com/disassemble-hp-pavilion-dv4-laptop/15.
AlthoughyoucaneasilypulloutaPCCardfromthePCslotinyourlaptop,that'snotthebestwaytotreatyourlaptop'shardware.
Instead,followthesesteps:ClicktheSafelyRemoveHardwareicononthesystemtray,andthenpullthePCCardoutfromitsslot.
Sometimes,youhavetofindasmallbuttontotherightofthecard.
Pushingthebuttoninalittlemakesitpopoutaboutahalf-inchorso.
ThenpressthebuttonbackintothelaptoptohelppushoutthePCCard.
16.
Toconfigureanyofthepoweroptions,youfirsthavetogotoStart,thenControlPanel,andthenclickonPowerOptions.
InthePowerOptionspropertiesdialog,therearesixtabs:PowerSchemes,Alarms,PowerMeter,Advanced,andHibernate.
IntheAdvancedtabyouwillbeabletoconfiguretheactionthatwouldtakeplacewhenthelaptoplidisclosed.
17.
ForaccessingtheInternetusingstaticIPaddressing,youneedtoconfiguretheIPaddress,subnetmask,defaultgateway(ifrequiredbytheISP),andDNSserverinformation.
3.
2CompareandcontrastthecomponentswithinthedisplayofalaptopA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com421.
TheinverterboardisresponsibleforconvertinglowvoltageDCpowertohighvoltageAC,necessarytolightupthebacklightbulb.
Iftheinverterboardisbad,theLCDscreen(backlightbulb)willnotlightupwhenyouturnonthelaptop,butyoustillshouldbeabletoseeaverydimimageonthescreen.
2.
Mostlaptopcomputersrequireafunctionkeyorsoftwarecommandtoactivate/deactivatethelaptopvideooutputsignal.
Usually,theactivation/deactivationcommandactsasatoggleswitch:repeatthecommandtodisplaytheimageontheinternallaptopdisplay,theexternaldisplay(projector)orbothdisplayssimultaneously.
Examples:Acer:Fn+F5,Dell:Fn+F8willactivate/deactivatelaptop/externaldisplay.
3.
Digitaldisplaysofferbestqualitywhenoperatedatnativeresolution.
4.
Adimscreencanbecausedbyfourthings:a.
TheLCDinverterwhichcausestheLCDpaneltolightupb.
TheCCFLflurotubeintheLCDpanelc.
Themotherboardsupplyingsignal&voltagetotheinverterd.
Adamagedvideocablebetweenthelaptopandthescreene.
AnLCD-LEDdisplayusesbacklightandnotaCCFLbulb.
Therefore,theproblemismostlikeywithbacklightfailure.
5.
Mostcommonly(say80%ofthetime)it'stheinverter,10%it'stheccfltubeintheLCDpanel,and10%it'sthemotherboardortheVGAcable.
6.
DeadpixelusuallyrequiresreplacementoftheLCDscreen,anditisveryexpensive.
Ifthelaptopisnew,checkwithyourmanufacturerforwarrantyreplacement.
7.
Laptopcomputerscreensareequippedwitha"Function"keyaswellasnumeroushotkeysforfastadjustmentsofvariousfeaturesonthecomputer,suchasincreasingordecreasingthebrightnessofthelaptopscreen.
Dimmingthescreenisdesirablewhenworkingindirectsunlightortocreateamoresoothingdisplaythat'seasierontheeyes.
Theprecisekeysequencevariesondifferentlaptopmodels,butinvolvesacombinationofthefunctionandarrowkeys.
a.
PresstheFunction("Fn")keyonthelaptopkeyboardandcontinueholdingitdown.
Thiskeyisusuallyonthelower,leftsideofthekeyboard.
b.
Pressandreleasetheleftarrowkeytodimthelaptopscreenoneincrement,orholdthekeytodimthescreenaslowasitwillgo.
Thearrowkeymayalsobeprintedwithasunbursticon.
Alternatively,onsomelaptopspressoneofthenumberedFkeysonthetoprowtodimthescreen.
Thecorrectkeywillusuallybeprintedwithafilled-insunbursticon,whiletheFkeytobrightenthescreenwillhaveahollowsunbursticon.
c.
PresstherightarrowkeytobrightenthescreenorusethenumberedFkeyatthetopofthescreen8.
PlasmadisplaypanelsconsumemostpowerbecauseoftheinherentarchitectureofthePlasmapanels.
Ontheotherhand,OLEDdisplays,whichhaverecentlycometomarket,consumesleastpower.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com439.
Adiskenclosureisessentiallyaspecializedchassisdesignedtoholdandpowerdiskdriveswhileprovidingamechanismtoallowthemtocommunicatetooneormoreseparatecomputers.
Driveenclosuresprovidepowertothedrivesthereinandconvertthedatasentacrosstheirnativedatabusintoaformatusablebyanexternalconnectiononthecomputertowhichitisconnected.
NotethataSCSIadaptorwillnotsolvetheproblemasitwouldnotsupplythepowerandothersignalsthatmaybenecessarytoproperfunctioningoftheharddrive.
3.
3Compareandcontrastlaptopfeatures1.
Laptops,beingmobile,usuallyparticipateonmorethanonenetwork,andoftenuseastaticIPaddressatonelocationandadynamicallyassignedIPaddressatanother.
Forexample,yourcomputermightusedynamicaddressing(DHCP)attheofficebutneedtouseastaticIPaddresswhenathometoconnecttoabroadbandISP.
WindowsXPProfessionalsolvesthisproblembyallowingtheusertoconfigurethecomputertofirsttryDHCP,andthen,iftheattemptfails,totryalternatestaticIPaddresssettings.
2.
Laptopswithwirelessnetworkingcapabilitiesusuallyprovideashortcutkeytoenableanddisablethewirelessradio.
Thisfeatureisusuallyaccessedbyusingakeycombinationofthefunction(Fn)keyandoneoftheFkeysatthetopofthekeyboard.
3.
SometimesthiskeycanalsoactivateanddeactivatetheBluetoothfunctionofyourcomputer.
IfonacleaninstallBluetoothisnotworkinginsteadofreinstallingtheOS,itisalwaysbettertoinstallthecorrectdriverforthedevice.
Gotodevicemanager,andupdatetheBluetoothdriver.
WindowsXPSP2supportsBluetoothandthereisnoneedtoupdatetheOperatingSystemtoWindows7.
4.
Laptopantennaisalmostalwayslocatedinthedisplaysectionofthelaptop.
Thisisbecause,thescreenisliftedandprovidesbetterpropagationofrfwaves,whichisarequirementfor802.
11specification.
Buttheexactlocationwithinthelaptopdisplaybezelmaychangefromonelaptopmanufacturertoanother.
5.
IfanyHotKeyisnotworkingasexpecteditisrecommendedtoinstalltheHotkeydriversfromthemanufacturer'swebsite.
6.
Ifanotebookcellularcardwasactivatedbythecellularoperator,butwasnotrecognizedbytheOperatingSystemthencheckiffeatureissupportedinlaptopBIOS.
ItismostlikelythatthecellularcardisdisabledintheBIOS.
PleasechecktheBIOSandenablethecard.
Notethatallnotebookcomputersmaynotsupportthisfeature.
4.
Printers4.
1ExplainthedifferencesbetweenthevariousprintertypesandsummarizetheassociatedimagingA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com44process1.
Laserprintersa.
Thefollowingarethe6stepsintheElectroPhotographic(EP)printprocessofLaserPrinter:1.
Cleaning:Cleaningthephotosensitivedrumincludesresidualtonerleftonthedrumandremovingtheelectricalchargesleftoutonthedrum.
Thephysicalcleaningisdonewitharubberbladeandtheelectricalchargecleaningisdonewitherasurelamps.
2.
Charging:Thenextstepinprinting,istochargethephotosensitivedrumwithhighnegativecharge,thisisdonewiththehelpofacoronawire.
3.
Writing:Alaser(type3)sweepstheentirelengthofthedrum,creatingthestaticimageofthemattertobeprinted.
Theplaceswherethelasertravel,thehighlychargesareneutralized.
Otherplacesofthedrum,itremainshighlynegativelycharged.
4.
Developing:Nowdrumgetsincloseproximitytothetoner.
Becausethetonerisnegativelycharged,itgetsattractedtotheareaswherethedrumisneutral.
Itwillnotbeattractedtotheplaceswherethedrumishighlynegativelycharged.
Thustheimageofthepagetobeprintedformedonthephotosensitivedrum.
5.
Transferring:Now,thetoneronthedrumgetsattractedtowardthepaper,byusinghighlypositivechargesdevelopedonthesurfaceofthepaper.
The"transfercorona"isusedtogeneratehighlypositivechargeonthepapersurfaceandtoattractthetonerfromthedrum.
Thustheimageofthepagetobeprintedformedonthepaper.
Butstill,thetonerislooseandcangeteasilysmeared.
6.
Fusing:Inordertopermanentlybondthetonerparticlestothepaper,thepaperispassedthroughrollers.
Oneoftherollers,thenonstickrollerisheatedbyahighintensitylamp,generatingtheheatnecessarytobondthetonertothesurfaceofthepaper.
b.
Problemsassociatedwithlaserprintersandprobablecauses:1.
Speckledpages:Thecausesforthismaybea.
Thefailuretocleanthedrumafterprintingproperly,orb.
Thedrummighthavedevelopedscratches.
2.
Blankpages:Thecausesforwhitepagesmaybea.
.
Thetonerwouldhavedriedout,replacethetoner.
b.
Thetransfercorona,thatisresponsiblefortransferringthetonertothedrummighthavefailed.
c.
TheHighVoltagePowerSupply(HVPS)failurewillalsoresultinwhitepages.
3.
GhostedImages:Ghostingoccurswhenpreviouslyprintedpagesareprintedagain,thoughmuchlighterthanthepresentimage.
Themostlikelycauseisthattheerasurelampmightnotbeworkingproperly,thusleavingsomechargesrepresentingtheearlierimageleftonthephotosensitivedrumbeforenewimageiswritten.
Alsocheckthecleaningblade,whichisA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com45responsibleforscrapingtheresidualtoner.
4.
Smudgedimages:Ifthefusingfails,thetonerwillnotbondwiththepaper.
Checkthehalogenlampresponsibleforheating.
c.
Typically,alaserprintermaintenancekitconsistsoffuserfixingassembly,pickuprollers,transferroller,gloves,andinstructionmanual.
2.
Impactprintersa.
Impactprintersarecapableofprintingmultipartforms,sincetheycangivenecessaryimpacttoprinttomultipleformssimultaneously.
b.
ECP(ExtendedCapabilityPort)haslesscontroloverheadandbestsuitedfortransferringlargechunksofdata,suchasbetweenthecomputerandlaserprinter.
3.
InkJetPrintersa.
InkJetPrintersisthegenericnamegivenforcontactlessprintingusingink.
Frictionfeedismostcommonlyusedwithlaserprinters,andInkjetprinters.
Oneneedstocheckthecalibrationfortheinkjectprinterifitisnotprintingproperly.
Ifitdoesn'thelp,thenchecktheinkcartridgeifitrequiresreplacement.
4.
Thermalprintersa.
Thermalprintersrequireaspecialkindofpaper,calledthermalpaper.
Thispaperissensitivetoheat,andtheprintingisproducedbythermalheatappliedonthepaperbytheprinthead.
4.
2Givenascenario,install,andconfigureprinters1.
Printerparallelportscomeinthefollowingvarietiesa.
Unidirectional:Here,thedatatravelsonlyfromthecomputertotheperipheral(printer)device.
b.
Bi-directional:Here,thedatatravelsbothfromthecomputertotheperipheraldeviceandvice-verse.
c.
ECP(ExtendedCapabilityPort):ECPmodeoffersbi-directionaldatatransfer,aswellasDMAfordatatransfer.
d.
EPP(EnhancedParallelPort):Inadditiontobi-directionalfeatures,itoffersanextendedcontrolcodesete.
TheportthataprinterisusingcanbefoundbygoingtoControlPanel->Printersandrightclickonappropriateprinter.
ChoosePortstabtoviewtheport(likeCOM1,COM2,USB001,etc.
)thattheprinterisusing.
2.
Cablelengthsa.
Serialcablemaximumlengthis50feet.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com46b.
Parallelcablemaximumlengthis10feet.
c.
Longercablelengthsmayleadtosomeerrors&garbagecharacters.
3.
RJ–cablesa.
RJ-11:Theseconnectorsareusedtolinkmodem/phonetothephoneline.
Theyhaveonlytwopinsthatgetintothemodem.
b.
RJ-14:RJ-14connectorsaredual-linephonejacksthatcanaccommodateupto2telephoneline.
c.
RJ-45:RJ-45cableiswidelyusedforattachingUTPcableinLANenvironment.
Theseconnectorshaveeightpins.
d.
Thewidelyusedinterfacecableshavethefollowingpincount:floppy-34pinIDE-40pinSCSI-50pinSCSIUltrawide-68pin4.
UltraIDEcablehas80wires,andhandlesbetterspeedscomparedtoIDEcablewith40wires.
Theadditionalwiresareintroducedtoreducenoiseandtherebyimprovingspeed5.
Thinco-axialandthickco-axialcableshaveconductivegroundingsheathsurroundingthecenterconductor.
Therefore,theelectromagneticinterference(EMI)issignificantlyless.
6.
Cat6cablingisrecommendedforGigabitEthernetnetworking.
7.
Centronicscable,usedforparallelprintingwillhaveamaleDB-25connectoratoneendandafemale36pinconnectorattheotherend.
8.
Thedefaultspoolfolderislocatedat:Systemroot\System32\spool\printers.
Forexample,iftheOSisresidingonCdrive,thedefaultlocationwillbe:"C:\\Windows\System32\spool\printers".
Youcanaccessthislocationthrough:Start->Printers->File->ServerProperties->Advancedtab.
Typeinthenewspoollocationoverthedefaultlocation.
9.
WhileconnectingaprinterusingUSBifOperatingSystemisnotrecognizingtheUSBportyouneedtomakesurethattheUSBinterfaceisenabledintheBIOS.
NotethatWindows95,WindowsNT4.
0(Uptoservicepack4)donotsupportUSB.
Also,makesurethatthemotherboardBIOSsupportsUSB.
10.
AnetworkprintercanbeaddedtoWindowsXPcomputerbygoingtoControlPanel(classicview),PrintersandFaxesapplet,ThiswillinitiateAddPrinterwizard.
InCategoryView,choosePrintersandOtherHardwarehyperlinkandselectAddPrinteroption.
11.
Whenaprinterisinstalledonanetwork,defaultprinterpermissionsareassignedthatallowalluserstoprint.
Becausetheprinterisavailabletoallusersonthenetwork,youmightwanttolimitaccessforA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com47someusersbyassigningspecificprinterpermissions.
Forexample,youcouldgiveallnon-executiveusersinadepartmentthePrintpermissionandgiveallmanagersthePrintandManageDocumentspermissions.
Youcanalsodenyprintpermissiontoallothers.
Inthisway,allnon-executiveusersandmanagerscanprintdocuments,butmanagerscanalsochangetheprintstatusofanydocumentsenttotheprinter.
12.
IfyoushareaprinterwithusersrunningotherversionsofWindows(Windows98,XP,Vista,etc),youcaninstalladditionalprinterdriversonyourcomputersothoseuserscanconnecttoyourprinterwithoutbeingpromptedtoinstallthedriversmissingfromtheirsystems.
13.
Scannerinstallationprocessismuchlikeaprintdevice.
BecausesomanyofthesenowareUSB,pluggingtheminwillinstallthedriver.
Incaseswherethatdoesnotwork(usuallywhenitisaverynewmodelandtheoperatingsystemisolder),usetheinstallationdisctoinstallthedriver.
Monitors,speakers,andprojectorsnormallydonotrequireadrivertoperform.
14.
AscannerdriverisusuallycalledTWAIN.
TheTwaindriverwillalwayshaveanothername,forexample,MicrotekcallstheirsScanWizard,andHPcallsitasDeskScanorPrecisionScan.
TheTWAINdrivercomeswiththescanner,andknowshowtooperatethisonebrandofscannerhardware.
EachscannermanufacturerprovidestheirownTWAINdriverfortheirhardware.
15.
WindowsXPprovidesthreelevelsofprintingsecuritypermissions:Print,ManagePrinters,andManageDocuments.
Whenmultiplepermissionsareassignedtoagroupofusers,theleastrestrictivepermissionsapply.
However,whenDenyisapplied,ittakesprecedenceoveranyotherpermission.
a.
Print:Theusercanconnectandprintdocument.
Bydefault,thePrintpermissionisassignedtoallmembersoftheEveryonegroup.
b.
ManagePrinters:Theuserhascompleteadministrativecontroloftheprinter.
Theusercanpauseandrestarttheprinter,changespoolersettings,shareaprinter,changeprinterpermissions,andchangeprinterproperties.
Bydefault,theManagePrinterspermissionisassignedtomembersoftheAdministratorsandPowerUsersgroups.
c.
ManageDocuments:Theusercanpause,resume,restart,cancel,andrearrangetheorderofdocumentssubmittedbyallotherusers.
Theusercannot,however,senddocumentstotheprinterorcontrolthestatusoftheprinter.
Bydefault,theManageDocumentspermissionisassignedtomembersoftheCreatorOwnergroup.
16.
InWindows7OperatingSystem,mostprintersandotherperipheraldevicesareautomaticallydetectedanddriversareinstalled.
Therefore,firstyoumustseeiftheOSitselfrecognizesthedeviceandinstallsthedrivers.
Ifyouarepromptedtolocatethedriver,thebrowsetothedriverlocationanddirecttheinstallation.
4.
3Givenascenario,performprintermaintenance1.
Ifalaserprinterisprintingatslowspeeds,itislikelythatthememoryisnotsufficient.
Installingadditionalmemorymayspeedupprinting.
2.
Ifausercomplainsthatheisnotabletoprinttoanetworkprinter.
HeisnotevenabletopingtheA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com48networkprinterfromhisPCfirstverifywhethertheprinternetworkcardindicatorsareokay.
Ifnot,checkwhetherthecableispluggedinproperly.
3.
Whencommunicatingacrossaserialcable,themostprobablecausethatthescreenisdumpinggarbledcharactersisthatthecommunicationsettingsarenotcorrect.
Checkthespeed,parity,start/stopbitsetc.
Ifthisisallcorrect,thenyouneedtocheckthecable.
Checkwhetheryouneedastraight/crosscable,andthepinconnections.
4.
IftwoaccountsarecreatedonaPCbynetworkadminwithsameprivilegesbutonlyoneoftheaccountisabletousetheattachedprinterthenmostlikelytheproblemisthatthedefaultprinterhaschangedtovirtualprinterfortheotheraccountwhoisnotabletousetheprinter.
5.
OperationalProcedures5.
1Givenascenario,useappropriatesafetyprocedures1.
Whenworkingoncomputers,usespecialESDwriststrap.
Donotdirectlygroundyourselfwithapieceofwire.
AnESDwriststraphasbuilt-inresistortopreventelectricshock.
UsespeciallydesignedgroundedESDmats.
Donotwearsyntheticclothing.
Placeallelectroniccomponentsintoantistaticbags.
Antistaticbagscanbereused.
Keepyourworkplaceclean.
2.
Whenattendingtothecomputermaintenanceorrepair(otherthanthemonitor),ensurethatyouworkinastaticfreeenvironment.
Alwayswearwriststrap.
Youshouldnotwearclothes/shoesthatproducestaticcharges.
3.
Havingananti-staticworkstationisthemostappropriatesolutionwhenworkingwithsensitivecomponents.
However,underemergencies,itmaynotalwaysbepossibletowearawriststraporhaveanantistaticworkstation.
TheleastatechniciancoulddotominimizestaticunderthesecircumstancesistotoughametalpartinthePC(typicallygroundpoint)case.
ItisassumedherethatthePCcaseisgrounded,whichistypicallythecase.
4.
Screwdriversareverylikelytobemagnetized,andyouneedtobecautiouswhenusingthesamenearmagneticmedia.
5.
2Explainenvironmentalimpactsandthepurposeofenvironmentalcontrols1.
Bycausingirreversiblemechanicaldamagetotheharddrives,itmaybeensuredthatthedataispermanentlylost.
Evenifyouformat,itispossibletorecoverdatausingspecialtools,andthereforeitisnotrecommendedundercircumstanceswhereharddrivecontainsensitiveinformation.
2.
Aharddiskshouldneverbelowlevelformattedatthecustomerpremises.
Itishighlyrecommendedthatitisdoneatthemanufacturer'soratanyauthorizedcenter.
Itisverycumbersometochangethepartitionsizes,oncetheharddiskispartitionedandused.
Itmayrequirebackingupallthedataandrestoringafterrepartitioning.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com493.
Keepingtheharddiskfreeofanydust,andenablinggoodairflowaroundtheharddiskwillenhancethelifeoftheharddisk.
5.
3Givenascenario,demonstratepropercommunicationandprofessionalism1.
Thefollowingarethebestpracticesthatacomputertechnicianshouldexercise:a.
Maintainapositiveattitudeb.
Listenanddonotinterruptthecustomerc.
Beculturallysensitived.
Beontime(iflatecontactthecustomer)e.
Avoiddistractionslikepersonalcalls,takingco-workers,etc.
f.
Avoidarguingwithcustomersand/orbeingdefensiveg.
Follow-upwiththecustomeraboutanyinstallationorrepairactivityh.
Properlydocumentanyactivity2.
Ifcustomercallsyoubecauseasolutionthatwasearliersuggestedbyanothertechniciandidnotappeartohavesolvedtheproblemaskthecustomertoexplaintheproblem.
Itispossiblethatyouwouldbeabletoresolvethesamewithoutescalation.
Decideifyouneedtoescalatetheissueaftercarefullyreviewingtheproblem.
3.
Ifausercallstoreportthatanoticepopsupontheirscreenwhenevertheytrytodownloadvideoclipsfromawebsite.
Thenoticesays"Thestreamingmediaislimitedto60minutesperday,pleaseconfirm".
Youhaverecentlyimplementedafiltertoallowonly60minofstreamingmediaperdayperusercomputer.
Youneedtomaintaintheprofessionalismwhenconversingwithauser.
4.
Ifauserreportsthathehadnotheardfromahelpdesktechnicianforthepasttwodays,aftertheinitialcomplaintwasmadeassurethecustomerthattheproblemwillbeescalated,andwouldreturnthecallattheearliest.
5.
APCmayhavemultipleproblems.
Solvingoneproblemdoesn'tmeanthatalltheproblems(orthemainconcern)hasbeensolved.
Oneneedstoinvestigateandfixtheproblemsthattheuserhadreported.
Intheeventofanydifficultyinsolvingtheproblem,escalatethesametohigherlevels.
Sfc/scannowwillinspectalloftheimportantWindowsfilesonyourcomputer,includingWindowsDLLfiles.
IfSystemFileCheckerfindsanissuewithanyoftheseprotectedfiles,itwillreplaceit.
Youmustbeloggedinasauserwithadministratorrightsinordertorunthesfc/scannowcommand.
5.
4Explainthefundamentalsofdealingwithprohibitedcontent/activity1.
Chainofcustody(CoC)referstothechronologicaldocumentationorpapertrail,showingtheseizure,custody,control,transfer,analysis,anddispositionofphysicalorelectronicevidence.
Chainofcustodyensuresthattheevidenceisnottamperedwithwhenpresentedinacourt.
2.
Ifauser'sPChasbeenconfiscatedforprohibitedusebeforegivingthePCtoanotherdepartmenttheA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com50technicianneedstodocumentchangeofcustody3.
Ifyouareattendingtothemaintenanceofaclientscomputersandyounoticethatoneofthesystemshavealotofinappropriatecontent.
Youneedtoreportthematterusingproperchannelfirst.
Anyinappropriatematerialshouldbereportedtothemanagementfornecessaryaction.
Thereportingstructureneedstobemaintainedinanorganization.
6.
ANNEXURENote:AspernewsyllabustopicOperatingsystemhasbeenmovedtoA+PracticalApplicationsyllabus.
Thisinformationisprovidedforyourquickreference.
6.
1MSDOSThefollowingDOSutilitiesareusefulinpropermaintenanceofPCs.
SCANDISKScanDiskisautilityprogramthatwasaddedtoDOSVersion6.
0.
SCANDISKisabettercomparedtoCHKDSK.
SCANDISKcanfixerrorsondatastoragedevicessuchasharddisks,floppydisks,RAMdrivesetc,andDoubleSpacecompresseddrives.
Itanalyzesandrepairsdamagetothefollowing:1.
Physicalclusters2.
Fileallocationtable(FAT)3.
Lostclusters4.
Cross-linkedfiles5.
Directorytree6.
MS-DOSBootsector7.
DBLSPACEvolumeheader,filestructure,compressionstructure.
CHKDSK(CheckDisk)CHKDSKcommand,oneofDOScommands,examinesyourharddriveforerrorconditionsandreportsthetotalsizeofthedisk,howmanyfilesarestoredthere,andthespaceremaining.
CHKDSKalsoreportsthetotalamountofconventionalmemoryinyoursystemandtheamountofconventionalmemoryavailable.
NotethatCHKDSKcan'treportextendedmemory.
DFRAGTheDFRAG.
EXEisincludedwithDOS6.
0andlater.
DEFRAGutilityarrangestheclustersofdataontheharddrivetoachievebetterperformancebyplacingalloftheclustersforagivenfiletogetherinacontiguousorder.
DEFRAGdoesnotdoanyrepaironyourdisk,anderrors,ifanywillremainonthedisk.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com51BACKUPDOShasabackuputilitysinceversion2.
0.
.
COM,.
EXE,.
BATfilesareexecutablefiles.
ImportantDOSfilesusedduringBOOTUpare:A.
AUTOEXEC.
BAT1.
Itdoes:ModifiesthePCenvironment(PATH,SET,andothercommands)2.
DefaultAttributes:Nil3.
IsitrequiredforOSStartup:NOB.
CONFIG.
SYS1.
Itdoes:Loadslowleveldevicedriversanddoesperformancetuning2.
DefaultAttributes:Nil3.
IsitrequiredforOSStartup:NOC.
IO.
SYS1.
Itdoes:LoadsbasicsInput/Outputroutinesfortheprocessor2.
DefaultAttributes:Hidden/System/ReadOnly3.
IsitrequiredforOSStartup:YESD.
MSDOS.
SYS1.
Itdoes:DefinesSystemFilelocations2.
DefaultAttributes:Hidden/System/ReadOnly3.
IsitrequiredforOSStartup:YESE.
COMMAND.
COM1.
Itdoes:Thefilecontainsinternalcommandsetanderrormessages2.
DefaultAttributes:Nil3.
IsitrequiredforOSStartup:YES4.
ResponsiblefordisplayingthecommandpromptinaDOSbasedcomputer.
F.
HIMEM.
SYS1.
HIMEM.
SYSmustbeloadedbeforeEMM386.
EXE2.
HIMEM.
SYSisusedtoaddresstheextendedmemoryG.
EMM386.
EXE1.
EMM386.
EXEallowsaccesstoUpperMemoryArea.
Pleasenotethattheconventionalmemoryof1MBisdividedinto1.
LowerMemoryArea640KB,and2.
UpperMemoryArea384KB(1024KB-640KB).
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com52H.
ANSI.
SYS1.
ThefilesAUTOEXEC.
BAT,CONFIG.
SYS,ANSI.
SYSarenotrequiredforOSstart-up.
However,thefilesIO.
SYS,MSDOS.
SYS,COMMAND.
COMarerequiredforOSstart-up.
2.
TobypasstheCONFIG.
SYS,andAUTOEXEC.
BATfilesduringbootprocessofDOS,youneedtopressF5.
F8allowsyoutoselectivelybypasscommandsinAUTOEXEC.
BAT,andCONFIG.
SYS.
DOSallowsyoutosetthefollowingattributesusingATTRBcommand:1.
System2.
Hidden3.
Read-only4.
Archive'+'setsandattribute'-'clearsanattributeExamples:ThecommandATTRIB+Hmyfile.
txtwillmakethefilemyfile.
txthidden.
TheotherattributesthatcanbesetusingATTRIBcommandareSystem,ReadOnly,andArchive.
ThecommandATTRIBC:\private.
txt+h+rwillmarkthefileprivate.
txtasbothhiddenandreadonly.
DOS,Windows3.
1Windows95/98operatingsystemshavethefollowingcharacteristics:1.
Eachcanhaveonlyoneprimarypartitionperharddisk2.
Theprimarypartitionisautomaticallyassignedadriveletter3.
EachharddiskcanhaveonlyoneExtendedpartition4.
YoucancreateoneormorelogicaldrivesintheExtendedpartition.
5.
Thedrivelettersareassignedmanuallytologicaldrives.
ThestandardDOSpartitionclustersizesareasgivenbelow:16MB-127MB:2KBclustersize128MB-255MB:4KBclustersize256MB-511MB:8KBclustersize512MB-1023MB:16KBclustersize1024MB-2048MB:32KBclustersizeNotethatduetoDOSlimitation,theFAToneachharddrivepartitioncanhave64K(65535)individualaddresses.
Therefore,itisclear,dependingonthesizeofpartition,thisnumberdictatesthesizeofeachA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com53cluster.
Wearriveat32KBclustersizebydividing2048(MB)with64(KB).
TheWindows95/98systemfilesincludethefollowing:A.
IO.
SYSB.
MSDOS.
SYSC.
WIN.
INID.
COMMAND.
COME.
SYSTEM.
INIF.
SYSTEM.
DATG.
USER.
DAT-MSDOS.
SYS,WIN.
INI,SYSTEM.
INIaretextfiles.
-SYSTEM.
DAT,USER.
DATfilesarepartofwindowsRegistryandcanbeeditedusingREGEDITorREGDT32utility.
Registryfilescan'tbereadwithstandardtexteditors.
-Further,USER.
DATfilecorrespondstoHKEY_LOCAL_USERandSYSTEM.
DATcorrespondstoHKEY_LOCAL)MACHINE.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINEisthehivewheretheinformationspecifictothemachinewillbestored.
Theinformationmayinclude,networksettings,hardwaredriversetc.
HKEY_LOCAL_USERhivestoresdataspecifictouserconfiguration,suchasdesktopcolorschemes,screensavers,wallpaper,anduserspecificapplicationsettings.
UsingFDISK,thefollowingactivitiescanbecarriedout:1.
CreatePartitions:Youcancreateprimaryandextendedpartitions.
Extendedpartitionholdsoneormore(Upto23)logicaldrives.
2.
SetActivePartition:FDISKallowsyoutomarktheprimarypartitionasactivepartition.
3.
DeletePartition:YoucandeleteapartitionbyusingFDISK4.
DisplayPartitionInformation.
DOSCOMMANDSMEMMAKERcanbeusedtomanagethesystemmemoryoptimally.
Windows95andaboveautomaticallymanagethememory,whereasDOSrequiresmanualmemorymanagementusingutilitieslikeMEMMAKER.
TheDOScommandMEMcanonlydisplaythecontentsofmemory,butitselfcan'tmanagethememory.
WhenyoupowerontheDOSmachine,youseeamessage,"StartingMS-DOS".
IfyoupressF5keyduringthisshortperiod,youcanbypassAUTOEXEC.
BATandCONFIG.
SYSfiles.
GivenbelowarecommonDOScommandsthatyouusefrequently:1.
PATH:Thecommandsetsordisplaysapathforexecutablefiles.
Forexample,"PATH=C:\;C:\DOS;C:\PROG;C:\MYFILES"commandindicatesDOStofirstsearchROOT,thenA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com54C:\DOS,thenC:\PROG,andfinallyC:\MYFILESforexecutablefiles.
2.
SET:Displays,sets,orremovesDOSenvironmentvariable.
3.
PROMPT:ChangestheDOScommandprompt.
Thepromptcanbemadeupofnormalcharactersandthefollowingspecialcodes:$pCurrentdriveandpath$lAvailableMbytes:measurestheamountofphysicalmemorythatisavailable.
Typically>4MB.
Iflessthan4MB,consideraddingmorememory.
2.
Memory>Pages/Sec:Showsthenumberoftimesthatthediskhasbeenaccessed,becauserequestedinformationwasnotavailableinmemory.
Ifthevalueofthecounterisnotbelow20,youshouldaddmorememory.
Avalueof4or5istypical.
3.
PagingFile>%Usage:Indicatesthe%ofallocatedpagefileutilization.
Shouldbelessthan99%.
4.
Processor>%ProcessorTime:measurethetimethattheprocessorisbusy.
Shouldbetypicallylessthan80%5.
Processor>Interrupts/Sec:IndicatestheaveragenumberofhardwareinterruptsthattheA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com57processorreceiveseachsecond.
Ifmorethan3,500,youcansuspectaprogramorfaultyhardware.
6.
PhysicalDisk>%DiskTime:Measurestheamountoftimethatthephysicaldiskisbusyservicingreadorwriterequests.
Ifmorethan90%,youcanimprovetheperformancebyaddinganotherdiskchannel.
7.
PhysicalDisk>%CurrentDiskQueueLength:indicatesthenumberofpendingdiskrequeststhatneedtobeprocessed.
Thevalueshouldbelessthan2.
Thediskproblemsmightarisefromlessmemory,resultinginusageofexcessivepaging.
Ensurethatthememoryissufficientbeforeattendingtothediskproblem.
8.
LogicalDisk>%FreeSpacecounter:Indicatestheamountoflogicaldisk'sfreediskspace.
Typicalvalueis10%orabove.
b.
PerformanceLogsandAlerts:ThroughPerformanceLogsandAlertsyoucanconfigurelogstorecordperformancedataandsetsystemalertstonotifyyouwhenaspecifiedcounter'svalueisaboveorbelowadefinedthreshold.
6.
EventViewermaintainslogsaboutprogram,security,andsystemevents.
YoucanuseEventViewertoviewandmanagetheeventlogs,gatherinformationabouthardwareandsoftwareproblems,andmonitorWindows2000securityevents.
7.
ToopenEventViewer,click'Start',pointto'Settings',andthenclick'ControlPanel'.
Double-click'AdministrativeTools',andthendouble-clickEventViewer.
8.
EncryptingFileSystem(EFS)keepsyourdocumentssafefromintruderswhomightgainunauthorizedphysicalaccesstoyoursensitivestoreddatabystealingyourlaptoporZipdisk,orbyothermeans.
9.
Youneedtoensurethefollowingbeforetheupgrade:a.
ThehardwareisadequateforupgradingtoWindows2000Professionalb.
Also,checkthehardware,softwareadequacybyrunning"Winnt32.
exe/checkupgradeonly".
Notethattheswitch"checkupgradeonly"willoutputareportontheadequacyofhardwareandsoftware.
Itwillalsowarnyouifanyapplicationsneedupgradepacks,whichmaybeobtainedfromrespectiveapplicationvendors,ifavailable.
Ifthesoftwareupgradepackisnotinstalledforanyapplication,theapplicationmayberenderedunusable!
10.
IfyouarecreatingaStripedvolumeonanewWindows2000machine,itcanonlybecreatedondynamicdisks.
However,ifyouareupgradingaWindowsNTcomputertoWindows2000,anyexistingstripesetwillbesupported.
11.
ForcreatingStripesetwithparity,weneedatleast3diskvolumes.
12.
Placingthepagingfileondifferentphysicaldisksisoptimal.
ThiswillimprovefasteraccesstothePagingfile,andalsodistributetheload.
13.
MicrosoftInternetExplorerandWindowsExplorercanbeusedforassigningShareandNTFSpermissionsonaWindows2000computer.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com5814.
Toinsertanewfileextension,youuseWindowsexplorer,andselecttheapplication.
Then,Tools->FolderOption->FileTypes.
Configuretheextensionappropriately.
15.
Windows2000Operatingsystemssupport5differentvolumetypes:a.
Simplevolumes:Asimplevolumeconsistsofaformatteddiskonasingleharddisk.
b.
Spannedvolumes:ASpannedvolumeconsistsofdiskspaceonmorethanoneharddisk.
c.
Stripedvolumes:AStripedvolumehasdiskspaceon2ormoredisks.
Thediskspacesmustbesameonalldisks.
Fastestdiskaccessamongallvolumetypes.
RAIDlevel0.
d.
Mirroredvolumes:AmirroredvolumeconsistsofaSimplevolumethatismirroredintotal,ontoaseconddynamicdisk.
Provideshighestleveloffaulttolerance.
RAIDlevel1e.
RAID-5volumes:ARAID-5volumeconsistsofidenticalsizeddiskspacelocatedonthreeormoredynamicdisks.
Hereanysinglediskfailurescanberecovered.
RAIDlevel5f.
NotethatWindows2000Professionaldoesn'tsupportDiskMirroring,RAID-5volumes,whereasotherWindows2000OperatingSystems(2000Server,AdvancedServer)support.
16.
Faulttolerancebootdiskisafloppydiskthatenablesyoutobootacomputerintheeventthatthefirstdiskinamirroredvolumefails.
IfyoumirrortheinstallationfolderinaWindows2000Server,youwillnotbeabletobootbecauseboot.
inipointstothefirstvolume.
Therefore,youneedtocreateafaulttolerancebootdiskthatcontainanappropriatelyeditedBoot.
inifile,thatpointstothemirroredvolume.
17.
Bydefault,youcanstartrecoveryconsole(inWindows2000)using,a.
TheWindows2000ProfessionalSetupDisksb.
FromtheCDROMdriveusingWindows2000ProfessionalCD(iftheCD–ROMdriveisbootable).
c.
Also,youcanhave"RecoveryConsole"asastartupoptionbytyping\i386\winnt32.
exe/cmdconsatthecommandprompt,afterswitchingtotheCDROMdriveletter.
18.
Windows2000providestwoversionsofRegistryEditora.
Regedt32.
exe(32-bit):Regedt32.
exeisautomaticallyinstalledinthesystemroot\system32folder.
b.
Regedit.
exe(16-bit):Regedit.
exeisautomaticallyinstalledinthesystemrootfolder.
c.
Regedit.
exeisprimarilyusedforitssearchcapabilitiesasitdoesn'tsupportallfunctionsanddatatypes.
19.
OnaWindows2000computer,thedefaultspoolfolderislocatedat:Systemroot\System32\spool\printers.
Forexample,iftheOSisresidingonCdrive,thedefaultlocationwillbe:"C:\\WINNT\System32\spool\printers".
Youcanaccessthislocationthrough:Start->Printers->File->ServerProperties->Advancedtab.
Typeinthenewspoollocationoverthedefaultlocation.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com5920.
Up-gradetoWindows2000:a.
YoucanupgradeWindows95/98,WindowsNT3.
51WorkStation,WindowsNT4.
0WScanbeupgradedtoWindows2000Professional.
b.
Youcan'tupgradeWindows3.
1andWindowsforworkgroupstoWindows2000Professional.
Ifyouneedtoinstall2000Prof.
OnWindows3.
x,youneedtoupgradefirsttoWindows95/98orNTandthenupgradeto2000Prof.
ItiseasytodoacleaninstallofWindows2000onWindows3.
xmachines.
21.
Bydefault,Windows2000storesauser'sprofileintheC:\DocumentsandSettings\user_namefolderonthecomputertheuserlogson.
Whenanewuserlogson,hisinitialuserprofileisanexactcopyofeitherthelocalordomain-wide"defaultuser"profilefolder.
Thelocaldefaultuserprofilefolderislocatedin%root%\DocumentsandSettings.
22.
IfyouhaveinstalledWindows2000inCdrive,itisC:\DocumentsandSettings.
23.
PressingF8duringbootprocessinWindows2000desktopbringupthefollowingoptions:a.
SafeMode:SafeModeloadsonlythedriversnecessarytogetthedesktopupandrunning.
ThedriversloadedwithSafeModeincludemouse,monitor,keyboard,harddrive,andstandardvideodriver.
b.
SafeModewithNetworking:SafeModewithNetworkingissameasSafeModewithnetworkingenabled.
c.
SafeModewithCommandprompt:SafeModewithCommandPromptoptionloadsthecommandpromptinsteadofWindows2000graphicalinterface.
d.
EnableBootLogginge.
EnableVGAMode:EnableVGAModeoptionloadsastandardVGAdriver.
Thisoptionisgoodifyouhaveanyproblemwithnewlyinstalledvideodriver.
f.
LastKnownGoodConfiguration:LastKnownGoodConfigurationenablesthedesktoptoloadtheconfigurationthatwasstoredwhenitwasbootedsuccessfullylasttime.
Thisoptioncan'ttakecareofanyhardwarerelatedproblems.
g.
DebuggingMode:TheDebuggingModeoptionrunstheKernelDebugger,ifthatutilityisinstalled.
h.
BootNormally:TheBootNormallyissameasnotpressingtheF8key.
TheWindowsbootsnormally24.
YoucanaccessTaskManagerbypressing.
Theapplicationstablistsalltheapplicationsthatarecurrentlyrunningonthecomputer.
Thecurrentstatusoftheapplicationisalsodisplayedaseither"Running"or"notresponding"or"stopped".
25.
BluescreenmessagesarealsocalledSTOPmessages.
Youwillnotbeallowedtoproceed,whenabluescreenmessageappears.
Themostlikelycauseofbluescreenmessagesare:a.
BootsectorvirusA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com60b.
IRQ/IOaddressconflicts.
c.
Youcancheckforanybootsectorvirus,andalsoforanyconflictingIRQ/IOaddresses.
26.
YoucanconfiguresupportformultipledisplaysonyourWindows2000computer.
ThisisdonethroughtheuseofControlPanel->Display->Settings.
AWindows2000computercansupportuptotendisplaymonitorsatthesametime.
Useadditionalvideocardsasrequired.
27.
OnaWindows2000computer,diskquotascanbeusedonNTFSvolumes.
WindowsExplorercanbeusedtoconfigureandmonitordiskquotas.
28.
OnaWindowscomputer,youcanusetheViewtabinFolderOptionsappletintheControlPaneltoshow/hidefilesandfoldersthathave"Hidden"attributeset.
YoucanalsouseWindowsExplorer->Tools->FolderOptions->Viewtab.
29.
IfyouwanttoinstallWindows2000onthesamepartitionasthatofWindows98,install2000ProfessionaleitherontheFATfilesystemsorontheFAT32fordualboot.
Windows98supportsFAT(FAT16)andFAT32.
Itdoesn'tsupportNTFSfilesystem.
30.
ThevariousfilesystemssupportedbyWindows2000are:a.
FAT:AlsocalledFAT16,supportedbyallMicrosoftOperatingSystems.
b.
FAT32:AlsosupportedbyWin95OSR2andWin98c.
NTFS:ThisisnotsupportedbyWin95/98d.
CDFS(CompactDiskFileSystem,usedtoaccessCDs)e.
UDF(UniversalDiskFormat,usedtoaccessDVDs)31.
IfyouwanttohavedualbootbetweenWindowsNT4andWindows2000,ensurethatServicePack4isinstalledonWindowsNT4.
ThisisrequiredsinceWindows2000upgradestheNTFStoNTFS5.
NT4requiresServicePack4toreadandwritetoNTFS5.
32.
IfyouencryptafolderonanNTFSvolume,allfilesandsubfolderscreatedintheencryptedfolderareautomaticallyencrypted.
Therefore,itisrecommendedthatyouuseencryptionattheparentfolderlevel.
33.
Alsonotethatyoucan'tencryptafileorfolderthatiscompressed.
Ifyouwanttoencryptafileorfolderthatiscompressed,youneedtofirstdecompressthefileorfolderandthenencrypt.
OnlyNTFSvolumessupportfileorfolderencryption.
34.
Youdon'tneedtohaveanetworkcardinstalledforsuccessfulinstallationofWindows2000Professional.
Youcanuseloopbackadapterforthispurposeandproceedwiththeinstallation.
Networkcardcanbeinstalledatalatertime,whenrequired.
35.
InWindows2000computer,DiskManagementisusedtocreate,manage,anddeletesimplevolumes,spannedvolumes,mirroredvolumes,striped,andstripesetwithparityvolumes.
DiskAdministratorisNT4toolandisnotavailableinWindows2000.
36.
OnlyWindowsNTServer4andWindowsNTServer3.
51canbeupgradedtoWindows2000Server.
WindowsNTWorkstation4.
0orWindows95/98can'tbeupgradedto2000Server.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com616.
4WindowsXP1.
InWindowsXPcomputer,youcanuseStart->WindowsUpdatetoconnecttotheMicrosoftsite.
WindowsUpdateisacatalogofitemssuchasdrivers,patches,thelatesthelpfiles,andInternetproductsthatyoucandownloadtokeepyourcomputeruptodate.
YoumustbeloggedonasanadministratororamemberoftheAdministratorsgroupinordertoaccesstheProductUpdatessectionofWindowsUpdatefordownloadinghelpfiles.
2.
XPProfessionalsupportsmultipleprocessors,multiplemonitors(upto9),GroupPolicy,EncryptingFileSystem,DynamicDisks,IIS,abuiltinbackupprogram,andadvancednetworkingcapabilities(suchasIPSec.
)AllofthesefeaturesaremissingfromXPHomeEdition.
AnotherimportantdistinctionbetweenthetwoversionsisthatXPHomeEditioncannotjoinaWindowsNT/2000/2003domain.
3.
WindowsXPOperatingSystemcomesinthefollowingflavors:a.
WindowsXPHome:ThebasicXPOSintendedforhomeusersb.
WindowsXPProfessional:TheXPOSintendedforbusinessusersc.
WindowsXPMediaCenterEdition:WindowsMediaCenterprovidesalarge-font,remotelyaccessibleinterface("10-footuserinterface")fortelevisionviewingonthecomputeraswellasrecordingandplayback,aTVguide,DVDplayback,videoplayback,photoviewing,andmusicplayback.
d.
WindowsXPTablePC:Thiseditionisintendedforspecially-designednotebook/laptopcomputerscalledtabletPCs.
WindowsXPTabletPCEditioniscompatiblewithapen-sensitivescreen,supportinghandwrittennotesandportrait-orientedscreens.
4.
Bootprocess(F8)inWindowsXPdesktopbringupthefollowingoptions:a.
SafeMode:ThisoptionusesaminimalsetofdevicedriversandservicestostartWindows.
ThedriversloadedwithSafeModeincludemouse,monitor,keyboard,harddrive,andstandardvideodriver.
b.
SafeModewithNetworking:ThisoptionusesaminimalsetofdevicedriversandservicestostartWindowstogetherwiththedriversthatyoumusthavetoloadnetworking.
c.
SafeModewithCommandPrompt:ThisoptionisthesameasSafemode,exceptthatCmd.
exestartsinsteadofWindowsExplorer.
d.
EnableVGAMode:ThisoptionstartsWindowsin640x480modebyusingthecurrentvideodriver(notVga.
sys).
Thismodeisusefulifthedisplayisconfiguredforasettingthatthemonitorcannotdisplay.
Note:SafemodeandSafemodewithNetworkingloadtheVga.
sysdriverinstead.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com62e.
LastKnownGoodConfiguration:ThisoptionstartsWindowsbyusingthepreviousgoodconfiguration.
f.
DirectoryServiceRestoreMode:ThismodeisvalidonlyforWindows-baseddomaincontrollers.
Thismodeperformsadirectoryservicerepair.
g.
DebuggingMode:ThisoptionturnsondebugmodeinWindows.
Debugginginformationcanbesentacrossaserialcabletoanothercomputerthatisrunningadebugger.
ThismodeisconfiguredtouseCOM2.
h.
EnableBootLogging:ThisoptionturnsonloggingwhenthecomputerisstartedwithanyoftheSafeBootoptionsexceptLastKnownGoodConfiguration.
TheBootLoggingtextisrecordedintheNtbtlog.
txtfileinthe%SystemRoot%folder.
i.
StartsWindowsNormally:ThisoptionstartsWindowsinitsnormalmode.
j.
Reboot:Thisoptionrestartsthecomputer.
k.
ReturntoOSChoicesMenu:Onacomputerthatisconfiguredtostartingtomorethanoneoperatingsystem,thisoptionreturnstotheBootmenu.
5.
YoucanconfiguresupportformultipledisplaysonyourWindowsXPcomputer.
ThisisdonethroughtheuseofControlPanel->Display->Settings.
AWindowsXPcomputercansupportuptotendisplaymonitorsatthesametime.
Useadditionalvideocardsasrequired.
6.
TheDeviceManager(ItcanbeaccessedusingAdd/RemoveHardwareinXP)listsallthehardwaredevicesinstalledonyoursystem.
Youcanalsoupdateanyexistingdrivers,aswellaschangethehardwaresettings.
YouuseAdd/RemoveHardwaretoinstallnewhardware.
Accessibilityoptionsareprimarilyusedtoconfigurethekeyboard,display,andmouseoptionsonacomputertoaccommodatetheuserswhoarephysicallyhandicapped.
TheAdd/RemoveProgramsisusedtoinstall/uninstall3rdpartysoftware.
Thisisalsousedforinstalling/uninstallingWindowsXPoptionalcomponents.
7.
FeaturessupportedbyXPa.
Onreadable/writabledisks,MicrosoftWindowsXPProfessionalsupportstheNTFSfilesystemandthreefileallocationtable(FAT)filesystems:FAT12,FAT16,andFAT32.
OnCDROMandDVDmedia,WindowsXPProfessionalsupportstwofilesystems:CompactDiscFileSystem(CDFS)andUniversalDiskFormat(UDF).
b.
WhileinstallingXP,ifyouhaveastandarddesktopPCthatusesintegrateddriveelectronics(IDE)diskdrives,thenthesewillbedetectedduringsetup.
If,however,youuseSCSIdisksorhaveRedundantArrayofIndependentDisk(RAID)storagesystems,youwillsee,shortlyafterthereboot,thefollowinglineoftextdisplayedatthebottomofthescreen:"PressF6ifyouneedtoinstallathirdpartySCSIorRAIDdriver.
.
.
"A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com63c.
PressingF6willstartadialogthatallowsyoutoconfigureandinstallthedriversforyourSCSIorotherdisksubsystemcontrollers.
Thisoptionisusuallyusedonserverplatformsthatuselarge-capacity,high-speed,fault-tolerantdisksubsystems.
FormostPCs,however,youwon'tneedtousethisoption.
6.
5WindowsVista1.
CertainversionsofWindowsVistausesBitLockerDriveEncryption.
BitLockerDriveEncryptionisafulldiskencryptionfeatureincludedwiththeUltimateandEnterpriseeditionsofMicrosoft'sWindowsVistaandWindows7desktopoperatingsystems.
2.
InorderforBitLockertooperate,theharddiskrequiresatleasttwoNTFS-formattedvolumes:onefortheoperatingsystem(usuallyC:)andanotherwithaminimumsizeof100MBfromwhichtheoperatingsystemboots.
BitLockerrequiresthebootvolumetoremainunencrypted,sothebootshouldnotbeusedtostoreconfidentialinformation.
3.
WindowsSidebarisapaneonthesideoftheMicrosoftWindowsVistadesktopwhereyoucankeepyourgadgetsorganizedandalwaysavailable.
Gadgetsareminiprogramsthatgiveyouinformationataglanceandprovideaccesstofrequentlyusedtools.
WindowsSidebarhelpsyoutoorganizeyourgadgets.
TheWindowssidebarisalsoavailableinWindows7OperatingSystem.
4.
TheparentalcontrolsbuiltintoWindowsVistahelpparentsdeterminewhichgamestheirchildrencanplay,whichprogramstheycanuse,andwhichwebsitestheycanvisit,andwhen.
ParentscanrestrictcomputerusetospecifictimesandtrustthatWindowsVistawillenforcethoserestrictions,evenwhenthey'reawayfromhome.
5.
WindowsVistaintroducesSyncCenter,whichenablesuserstosynchronizetheirdatawithothercomputersanddevicesfromonecommonuserinterface.
ThereareseveralwaystointeractwithSyncCenter,oneofwhichisasaproviderofsynchronizationinformation.
Synchronizationinformationconsistsofasynchronizationengine,andthedatathatitsynchronizes.
6.
DriverVerifierisincludedinWindows7,WindowsVista,Windows2000,WindowsXP,andWindowsServer2003topromotestabilityandreliability.
Youcanusethistooltotroubleshootdriverissues.
YoucanstartthetoolbygoingtoRun>verifier.
exeSpecifically,intheversionofDriverVerifierincludedinWindowsVista:a.
Youcanstartverificationofanydriverwithoutrebooting,evenifDriverVerifierisnotalreadyrunning.
b.
Youcanstarttheverificationofadriverthatisalreadyloaded.
c.
YoucanactivateordeactivatemostDriverVerifieroptionswithoutrebooting.
6.
6AeroInterface1.
WindowsVistaandWindows7featureauserinterfacetermedasAerobyMicrosoft.
ThisisthedefaultinterfaceusedbyVista.
Aerointerfaceischaracterizedbythefollowingfeatures:A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com64a.
.
Glass-liketranslucentdesignb.
.
Dynamicwindows:Whenyouminimizeawindow,itanimatestoitsplaceonthetaskbar,soit'seasiertofindwhenyouneedit.
c.
Highdots-per-inch(dpi)support:WindowsAerosupportshigh-resolutionmonitors,soyoucangetalaptoporflat-screenmonitorthat'ssmallerinsizebutshowsvisuallyricher,displayinghigh-resolution,easy-to-readimages.
d.
Livetaskbarthumbnails:InWindowsAero,livetaskbarthumbnailimagesdisplaytheactualcontentsofbothwindowsthatarecurrentlyopenandthosethatareminimizedinthetaskbar.
Whenyourestyourmousepointeronatileonthetaskbar,you'llseethe"live"contentsofthatwindowwithouthavingtobringittotheforeground.
e.
OtherfeaturesincludeWindowsFlip3D,andsmoothscrollingdesktop.
2.
WindowsVistaHomeBasic,VistaHomePremium,andVistaStarterprovideonlylimitedsupportforEFS(EncryptedFileSystem),whereasVistaBusiness,andVistaUltimateprovidefullsupportforEFS.
UpgradetoWindowsVistaUltimate.
YoucanupgradetoWindowsVistaUltimatefromWindowsXPHome,XPProfessional,XPMediaCenter,andXPTabletPC,Windows2000Professionalcan'tbeupgradedtoWindowsVistadirectly.
3.
Thefollowingreservedcharacterscan'tbeusedinWindowsfilenames:(greaterthan):(colon)"(doublequote)/(forwardslash)\(backslash)|(verticalbarorpipe)(questionmark)*(asterisk)4.
WindowsXPModeforWindows7makesiteasytoinstallandrunyourapplicationsfor32-bitWindowsXPdirectlyfromyourWindows732-bitor64-bitbasedPC.
ItutilizesvirtualizationtechnologysuchasWindowsVirtualPCtoprovideaVirtualWindowsXPenvironmentforWindows7.
WindowsXPModeprovidesonlyWindows7Professional,Ultimate,orEnterpriseuserstheflexibilitytorunmanyolderproductivityapplicationsinavirtualWindowsXPenvironmentonaWindows7-basedPC.
5.
TheeditionsbelowsupporttheAeroFeature:a.
WindowsVistaHomePremiumA+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com65b.
WindowsVistaBusinessEditionc.
WindowsVistaUltimateEditionSimilarly,Aerodesktopisavailableinthea.
Windows7HomePremium,b.
Windows7Professional,c.
Windows7Ultimate,andd.
Windows7Enterprise6.
Inwindows7,SyncCenterallowsyoutochecktheresultsofyourrecentsyncactivityifyou'vesetupyourcomputertosyncfileswithanetworkserver(oftencalledofflinefiles).
Whenyousyncwithanetworkserver,youcanaccessfilesbykeepingsyncedcopiesofthosefilesonyourcomputer,evenwhenthenetworkserverisunavailable.
SyncCentercantellyouifthefilessyncedsuccessfullyorifthereareanysyncerrorsorwarnings.
7.
Tolaunchsynccenter,justopenyourcontrolpanel,thenclicksynccenter.
A+EssentialsExamSimA+PracticalExamSimNetwork+ExamSimSecurity+ExamSimServer+ExamSimRevision1.
0copyright2014SimulationExams.
com66